Historical
Saul’s Disobedience
15 Then Samuel said to Saul, “(A)Yahweh sent me to anoint you as king over His people, over Israel; so now, [a]obey the voice of the words of Yahweh. 2 Thus says Yahweh of hosts, ‘I will [b]punish Amalek (B)for what he did to Israel, how he set himself against him on the way while he was coming up from Egypt. 3 Now go and strike Amalek and (C)devote to destruction all that he has, and do not spare him; but (D)put to death both man and woman, infant and nursing baby, ox and sheep, camel and donkey.’”
4 Then Saul summoned the people and [c]numbered them in (E)Telaim, 200,000 foot soldiers and 10,000 men of Judah. 5 And Saul came to the city of Amalek and set an ambush in the valley. 6 And Saul said to (F)the Kenites, “Go, depart; go down from among the Amalekites, lest I destroy you with them; (G)you showed lovingkindness to all the sons of Israel when they came up from Egypt.” So the Kenites departed from among the Amalekites. 7 So (H)Saul struck the Amalekites, from (I)Havilah as you go to (J)Shur, which is [d]east of Egypt. 8 And he seized (K)Agag the king of the Amalekites alive and (L)devoted to destruction all the people with the edge of the sword. 9 But Saul and the people (M)spared Agag and the best of the sheep, the oxen, the fatlings, the lambs, and all that was good, and they were not willing to devote them to destruction; but everything despised and worthless, that they utterly destroyed.
Yahweh Regrets He Made Saul King
10 Then the word of Yahweh came to Samuel, saying, 11 “(N)I regret that I have made Saul king, for (O)he has turned back from [e]following Me and has not established My words.” And Samuel became angry and (P)cried out to Yahweh all night. 12 Then Samuel rose early in the morning to meet Saul; and it was told to Samuel, saying, “Saul came to (Q)Carmel, and behold, he set up a monument for himself, then turned and proceeded on [f]down to (R)Gilgal.” 13 And Samuel came to Saul, and Saul said to him, “(S)Blessed are you of Yahweh! I have established the word of Yahweh.” 14 But Samuel said, “(T)What then is this sound of the sheep in my ears and the sound of the oxen which I am hearing?” 15 And Saul said, “They have brought them from the Amalekites, for (U)the people spared the best of the sheep and oxen, to sacrifice to Yahweh your God; but the rest we have devoted to destruction.” 16 Then Samuel said to Saul, “Wait, and let me tell you what Yahweh spoke to me last night.” And he said to him, “Speak!”
17 And Samuel said, “Is it not true, (V)though you were little in your own eyes, you were made the head of the tribes of Israel? And Yahweh anointed you king over Israel, 18 and Yahweh sent you on a [g]mission and said, ‘(W)Go and devote to destruction the sinners, the Amalekites, and fight against them until they are consumed.’ 19 Why then did you not [h]obey the voice of Yahweh, (X)but rushed upon the spoil and did what was evil in the eyes of Yahweh?”
20 Then Saul said to Samuel, “(Y)I did [i]obey the voice of Yahweh and went on the way on which Yahweh sent me and have brought back Agag the king of Amalek and have devoted the Amalekites to destruction. 21 But (Z)the people took some of the spoil, sheep and oxen, the choicest of the things devoted to destruction, to sacrifice to Yahweh your God at Gilgal.” 22 And Samuel said,
“(AA)Has Yahweh as much delight in burnt offerings and sacrifices
As in obeying the voice of Yahweh?
Behold, (AB)to obey is better than sacrifice,
And to heed than the fat of rams.
23 For rebellion is as the sin of (AC)divination,
And insubordination is as (AD)wickedness and idolatry.
Because you have rejected the word of Yahweh,
(AE)He has also rejected you from being king.”
24 Then Saul said to Samuel, “(AF)I have sinned; (AG)I have indeed trespassed against the [j]command of Yahweh and your words because I feared the people and obeyed their voice. 25 So now, (AH)please forgive my sin and return with me, that I may worship Yahweh.” 26 But Samuel said to Saul, “I will not return with you; for (AI)you have rejected the word of Yahweh, and Yahweh has rejected you from being king over Israel.” 27 Then Samuel turned to go, but (AJ)Saul seized the edge of his robe, and it tore. 28 So Samuel said to him, “(AK)Yahweh has torn the kingdom of Israel from you today and has given it to your neighbor, who is better than you. 29 Also the (AL)Eternal One of Israel (AM)will not lie or have regret; for He is not a man that He should have regret.” 30 Then he said, “I have sinned; (AN)but please honor me now before the elders of my people and before Israel, and return with me, (AO)that I may worship Yahweh your God.” 31 So Samuel returned, following after Saul, and Saul worshiped Yahweh.
32 Then Samuel said, “Bring Agag near to me, the king of the Amalekites.” And Agag came to him [k]in chains. And Agag said, “Surely the bitterness of death has departed.” 33 But Samuel said, “(AP)As your sword has made women childless, so shall your mother be childless among women.” And Samuel hacked Agag to pieces before Yahweh at Gilgal.
34 Then Samuel went to (AQ)Ramah, but Saul went up to his house at (AR)Gibeah of Saul. 35 (AS)So Samuel did not see Saul again until the day of his death; for Samuel (AT)grieved over Saul. And Yahweh regretted that He had made Saul king over Israel.
David Anointed King
16 Then Yahweh said to Samuel, “(AU)How long will you be grieving over Saul? (AV)I have rejected him from being king over Israel. (AW)Fill your horn with oil and go; I will send you to (AX)Jesse the Bethlehemite, for I (AY)see among his sons a king for Me.” 2 But Samuel said, “How can I go? Saul will hear of it and will kill me.” Then Yahweh said, “(AZ)Take a heifer with you and say, ‘I have come to sacrifice to Yahweh.’ 3 And you shall invite Jesse to the sacrifice, and (BA)I will make you know what you shall do; and (BB)you shall anoint for Me the one whom I say to you.” 4 So Samuel did what Yahweh said and came to (BC)Bethlehem. And the elders of the city came trembling to meet him and said, “(BD)Do you come in peace?” 5 And he said, “In peace; I have come to sacrifice to Yahweh. (BE)Set yourselves apart as holy and come with me to the sacrifice.” He also set apart Jesse and his sons as holy and invited them to the sacrifice.
6 Now it happened, when they entered, he looked at (BF)Eliab and thought, “Surely the anointed of Yahweh is before Him.” 7 But Yahweh said to Samuel, “Do not look at his appearance or at the height of his stature, because I have rejected him; for [l]God sees not as man sees, for man looks at the outward appearance, (BG)but Yahweh looks at the heart.” 8 Then Jesse called (BH)Abinadab and made him pass before Samuel. And he said, “Yahweh has not chosen this one either.” 9 Next Jesse made [m](BI)Shammah pass by. And he said, “Yahweh has not chosen this one either.” 10 Thus Jesse made seven of his sons pass before Samuel. But Samuel said to Jesse, “Yahweh has not chosen these.” 11 And Samuel said to Jesse, “Are these all the young men?” And he said, “(BJ)There remains yet the youngest, and behold, he is shepherding the sheep.” Then Samuel said to Jesse, “Send and [n]bring him, for we will not turn around until he comes here.” 12 So he sent and brought him in. Now he was ruddy, with (BK)beautiful eyes and a handsome appearance. And Yahweh said, “(BL)Arise, anoint him, for this is he.” 13 Then Samuel took the horn of oil and (BM)anointed him in the midst of his brothers; and (BN)the Spirit of Yahweh [o]came mightily upon David from that day forward. And Samuel arose and went to Ramah.
David Becomes Saul’s Armor Bearer
14 (BO)Now the Spirit of Yahweh departed from Saul, and (BP)an evil spirit from Yahweh terrorized him. 15 Saul’s servants then said to him, “Behold now, an evil spirit from God is terrorizing you. 16 Let our lord now speak to your servants who are before you. Let them seek a man who is a skillful musician on the harp; and it shall be that when the evil spirit from God is on you, (BQ)he shall play the harp with his hand, and you will be well.” 17 So Saul said to his servants, “Provide for me now a man who can play well and bring him to me.” 18 Then one of the young men answered and said, “Behold, I have seen a son of Jesse the Bethlehemite who is a skillful musician, (BR)a mighty man of valor, a warrior, one who is understanding in speech, and man of fine form; and (BS)Yahweh is with him.” 19 So Saul sent messengers to Jesse and said, “Send me your son David who is with the flock.” 20 And Jesse (BT)took a donkey loaded with bread and a wineskin of wine and a young goat and sent them to Saul by David his son. 21 Then David came to Saul and (BU)stood before him; and [p]Saul loved him greatly, and he became his armor bearer. 22 So Saul sent to Jesse, saying, “Let David now stand before me, for he has found favor in my sight.” 23 Thus it happened that whenever (BV)the evil spirit from God came to Saul, David would take the harp and play it with his hand; and Saul would be refreshed and be well, and the evil spirit would depart from him.
Goliath Challenges Israel
17 Now (BW)the Philistines gathered their camps for battle; and they were gathered at Socoh which belongs to Judah, and they camped between (BX)Socoh and (BY)Azekah, in (BZ)Ephes-dammim. 2 But Saul and the men of Israel were gathered and camped in (CA)the valley of Elah and arranged themselves for battle to meet the Philistines. 3 Now the Philistines stood on the mountain on one side while Israel stood on the mountain on the other side, with the valley between them. 4 Then a champion came out from the camps of the Philistines named (CB)Goliath, from (CC)Gath, whose height was [q]six cubits and a [r]span. 5 And he had a bronze helmet on his head, and he was clothed with scale-armor, and the weight of that scale-armor was five thousand [s]shekels of bronze. 6 He also had bronze [t]greaves on his legs and a (CD)bronze [u]javelin slung between his shoulders. 7 (CE)And the shaft of his spear was like a weaver’s beam, and the head of his spear weighed six hundred shekels of iron; (CF)his shield-carrier also walked before him. 8 And he stood and called out to the [v]battle lines of Israel and said to them, “Why do you come out to arrange yourselves for battle? Am I not the Philistine and you (CG)slaves of Saul? Choose a man for yourselves and let him come down to me. 9 (CH)If he is able to fight with me and strike me down, then we will become your slaves; but if I prevail against him and strike him down, then you shall become our slaves and serve us.” 10 Again the Philistine said, “(CI)I openly [w]reproach the battle lines of Israel this day; give me a man that we may fight together.” 11 When Saul and all Israel heard these words of the Philistine, they were dismayed and greatly afraid.
12 Now David was (CJ)the son of [x]the (CK)Ephrathite of Bethlehem in Judah, whose name was Jesse, and (CL)he had eight sons. And [y]Jesse was old in the days of Saul, advanced in years among men. 13 And the three older sons of Jesse had gone. They had gone after Saul to the battle. And (CM)the names of his three sons who went to the battle were Eliab the firstborn, and the second to him Abinadab, and the third Shammah. 14 (CN)But David was the youngest. Now the three oldest had gone after Saul, 15 (CO)but David went back and forth from Saul (CP)to shepherd his father’s flock at Bethlehem.
16 Then the Philistine approached, morning and evening, for forty days and took his stand.
17 Then Jesse said to David his son, “(CQ)Take now for your brothers an ephah of this roasted grain and these ten loaves and run to the camp to your brothers. 18 (CR)You shall also bring these ten cuts of cheese to the commander of their thousand, (CS)and look into the welfare of your brothers, and bring back [z]a token from them. 19 And Saul and they and all the men of Israel are in the valley of Elah, fighting with the Philistines.”
20 So David arose early in the morning and left the flock with a keeper and carried the supplies and went as Jesse had commanded him. And he came to the (CT)circle of the camp while the military force was going out in battle lines shouting the war cry. 21 And Israel and the Philistines arranged themselves in battle lines, battle line [aa]against battle line. 22 Then David left his (CU)baggage in the [ab]care of the baggage keeper and ran to the battle line and entered in order to greet his brothers. 23 As he was speaking with them, behold, the champion, the Philistine from Gath named Goliath, was coming up from the battle lines of the Philistines, and he spoke (CV)these same words; and David heard them.
24 Now all the men of Israel saw the man, and they fled from him and were greatly afraid. 25 And the men of Israel said, “Have you seen this man who is coming up? Surely he is coming up to [ac]reproach Israel. And it will be that the king will enrich the man who strikes him down with great riches and (CW)will give him his daughter and make his father’s house [ad]free in Israel.”
26 Then David spoke to the men who were standing by him, saying, “What will be done for the man who strikes down this Philistine and takes away (CX)the reproach from Israel? For who is this (CY)uncircumcised Philistine, that he should [ae](CZ)reproach the battle lines of (DA)the living God?” 27 And the people spoke to him in accord with this word, saying, “(DB)Thus it will be done for the man who strikes him down.”
28 Then Eliab his oldest brother heard when he spoke to the men; and (DC)Eliab’s anger burned against David, and he said, “Why have you come down? And with whom have you left those few sheep in the wilderness? I myself know your arrogance and the wickedness of your heart, for you have come down in order to see the battle.” 29 But David said, “What have I done now? Was it not just a word?” 30 Then he turned [af]away from him to another and (DD)said the same word; and the people responded to him with the same word as [ag]before.
David Puts Goliath to Death
31 Then the words which David spoke were heard. And they told them [ah]to Saul, and he sent for him. 32 And David said to Saul, “(DE)Let no man’s heart fail on account of him; (DF)your servant will go and fight with this Philistine.” 33 Then Saul said to David, “(DG)You are not able to go against this Philistine to fight with him; for you are but a youth while he has been a warrior from his youth.” 34 But David said to Saul, “Your servant was shepherding his father’s sheep. And a lion and a bear would come and take a lamb from the flock, 35 and I would go out after it and strike it and (DH)rescue the lamb from its mouth. Then it rose up against me, and I would seize it by its beard and strike it down and put it to death. 36 Your servant has struck down both the lion and the bear; and this uncircumcised Philistine will be like one of them, since he has [ai]reproached the battle lines of the living God.” 37 And David said, “(DI)Yahweh, who delivered me from the hand of the lion and from the hand of the bear, He will deliver me from the hand of this Philistine.” And Saul said to David, “(DJ)Go, and may Yahweh be with you.” 38 Then Saul clothed David with his robes and put a bronze helmet on his head, and he clothed him with armor. 39 And David girded his sword over his armor and tried to walk, for he had not tested them. So David said to Saul, “I cannot go with these, for I have not tested them.” And David took them [aj]off. 40 Then he took his stick in his hand and chose for himself five smooth stones from the brook and put them in the shepherd’s bag which he had, even in his pouch, and (DK)his sling was in his hand; and he approached the Philistine.
41 Then the Philistine came on and drew near to David, with the shield-bearer in front of him. 42 And the Philistine looked and saw David. And (DL)he despised him; for he was but a youth and (DM)ruddy, with a handsome appearance. 43 And the Philistine said to David, “(DN)Am I a dog, that you come to me with sticks?” And (DO)the Philistine cursed David by his gods. 44 The Philistine also said to David, “Come to me, and I will give your flesh (DP)to the birds of the sky and the beasts of the field.” 45 Then David said to the Philistine, “You come to me with a sword, a spear, and a javelin, (DQ)but I come to you in the name of Yahweh of hosts, the God of the battle lines of Israel, whom you have [ak]reproached. 46 This day Yahweh will deliver you up into my hands, and I will strike you down and remove your head from you. And I will give the (DR)dead bodies of the camp of the Philistines this day to the birds of the sky and the beasts of the earth, (DS)that all the earth may know that there is a God in Israel, 47 and that all this assembly may know that (DT)Yahweh does not save by sword or by spear; (DU)for the battle is Yahweh’s, and He will give you into our hands.”
48 Then it happened when the Philistine rose and came and drew near to meet David, that (DV)David ran quickly toward the battle line to meet the Philistine. 49 And David sent his hand down into his bag and took from it a stone and slung it and struck the Philistine on his forehead. And the stone sank into his forehead, so that he fell on his face to the ground.
50 Thus David prevailed over the Philistine with a sling and a stone, and he struck the Philistine and put him to death; but there was no sword in David’s hand. 51 Then David ran and stood over the Philistine and (DW)took his sword and drew it out of its sheath and put him to death and cut off his head with it. (DX)Then the Philistines saw that their champion was dead, so they fled. 52 But the men of Israel and Judah arose and shouted and pursued the Philistines [al]as far as the valley and to the gates of (DY)Ekron. And the slain Philistines lay fallen along the way to (DZ)Shaaraim, even to Gath and Ekron. 53 Then the sons of Israel returned from hotly pursuing the Philistines and plundered their camps. 54 And David took the Philistine’s head and brought it to Jerusalem, but he put his weapons in his tent.
55 Now when Saul saw David going out to meet the Philistine, he said to Abner the commander of the army, “Abner, whose son is (EA)this young man?” And Abner said, “By your life, O king, I do not know.” 56 And the king said, “You inquire whose son the youth is.” 57 So when David returned from striking down the Philistine, Abner took him and (EB)brought him before Saul with the Philistine’s head in his hand. 58 And Saul said to him, “Whose son are you, young man?” And David answered, “(EC)I am the son of your servant Jesse the Bethlehemite.”
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