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Sermón del monte (5—7)

La auténtica felicidad (Lc 6,20-23)

Cuando Jesús vio todo aquel gentío, subió al monte y se sentó. Se le acercaron sus discípulos, y él se puso a enseñarles, diciendo:

— Felices los de espíritu sencillo, porque suyo es el reino de los cielos.

Felices los que están tristes, porque Dios mismo los consolará.

Felices los humildes, porque Dios les dará en herencia la tierra.

Felices los que desean de todo corazón que se cumpla la voluntad de Dios, porque Dios atenderá su deseo.

Felices los misericordiosos, porque Dios tendrá misericordia de ellos.

Felices los que tienen limpia la conciencia, porque ellos verán a Dios.

Felices los que trabajan en favor de la paz, porque Dios los llamará hijos suyos.

10 Felices los que sufren persecución por cumplir la voluntad de Dios, porque suyo es el reino de los cielos.

11 Felices ustedes cuando los insulten y los persigan, y cuando digan falsamente de ustedes toda clase de infamias por ser mis discípulos.

12 ¡Alégrense y estén contentos, porque en el cielo tienen una gran recompensa! ¡Así también fueron perseguidos los profetas que vivieron antes que ustedes!

Sal y luz del mundo (Mc 4,21; 9,50; Lc 8,16; 11,33; 14,34-35)

13 Ustedes son la sal de este mundo. Pero si la sal pierde su sabor, ¿cómo seguirá salando? Ya no sirve más que para arrojarla fuera y que la gente la pisotee.

14 Ustedes son la luz del mundo. Una ciudad situada en lo alto de una montaña no puede ocultarse. 15 Tampoco se enciende una lámpara de aceite y se tapa con una vasija. Al contrario, se pone en el candelero, de manera que alumbre a todos los que están en la casa. 16 Pues así debe alumbrar la luz de ustedes delante de los demás, para que viendo el bien que hacen alaben a su Padre celestial.

Actitud ante la ley de Moisés

17 No piensen que yo he venido a anular la ley de Moisés o las enseñanzas de los profetas. No he venido a anularlas, sino a darles su verdadero significado. 18 Y les aseguro que, mientras existan el cielo y la tierra, la ley no perderá ni un punto ni una coma de su valor. Todo se cumplirá cabalmente. 19 Por eso, aquel que quebrante una de las disposiciones de la ley, aunque sea la menos importante, y enseñe a hacer lo mismo, será considerado el más pequeño en el reino de los cielos. En cambio, el que las cumpla y enseñe a otros a cumplirlas, ese será considerado grande en el reino de los cielos. 20 Y les digo esto: Si ustedes no cumplen la voluntad de Dios mejor que los maestros de la ley y que los fariseos, no entrarán en el reino de los cielos.

Sobre la ofensa y la reconciliación (Lc 12,57-59)

21 Ya saben que se dijo a los antepasados: No mates; el que mate, será llevado a juicio. 22 Pero yo les digo: El que se enemiste con su hermano, será llevado a juicio; el que lo insulte será llevado ante el Consejo Supremo, y el que lo injurie gravemente se hará merecedor del fuego de la gehena.

23 Por tanto, si en el momento de ir a presentar tu ofrenda en el altar, te acuerdas de que tu hermano tiene algo en contra de ti, 24 deja tu ofrenda allí mismo delante del altar y ve primero a reconciliarte con tu hermano. Luego regresa y presenta tu ofrenda.

25 Ponte de acuerdo con tu adversario sin demora mientras estás a tiempo de hacerlo, no sea que tu adversario te entregue al juez, y el juez a los guardias, y vayas a dar con tus huesos en la cárcel. 26 Te aseguro que no saldrás de allí hasta que pagues el último céntimo de tu deuda.

Sobre el adulterio y las ocasiones de pecado (Mc 9,43.47)

27 Ustedes saben que se dijo: No cometas adulterio. 28 Pero yo les digo: El que mira con malos deseos a la mujer de otro, ya está adulterando con ella en el fondo de su corazón.

29 Así que, si tu ojo derecho es para ti ocasión de pecado, sácatelo y arrójalo lejos de ti. Más te vale perder una parte del cuerpo que ser arrojado entero a la gehena. 30 Y si tu mano derecha es para ti ocasión de pecado, córtatela y arrójala lejos de ti. Más te vale perder una parte del cuerpo que ser arrojado entero a la gehena.

Sobre el divorcio (Mc 10,4.11-12; Lc 16,18)

31 También se dijo: El que se separe de su mujer, debe darle un acta de divorcio. 32 Pero yo les digo que todo aquel que se separa de su mujer (salvo en caso de inmoralidad sexual), la pone en peligro de cometer adulterio. Y el que se casa con una mujer separada también comete adulterio.

Sobre el juramento

33 Ustedes saben, así mismo, que se dijo a nuestros antepasados: No jures en falso, sino cumple lo que prometiste al Señor con juramento. 34 Pero yo les digo: No jures en manera alguna. No jures por el cielo, porque es el trono de Dios; 35 ni por la tierra, porque es el estrado de sus pies; ni por Jerusalén, porque es la ciudad del gran Rey. 36 Ni siquiera jures por tu propia cabeza, porque no está en tu mano hacer blanco o negro ni uno solo de tus cabellos. 37 Digan simplemente: “sí” o “no”; todo lo que se diga de más, procede del maligno.

Sobre la venganza (Lc 6,28-29)

38 Ustedes saben que se dijo: Ojo por ojo y diente por diente. 39 Pero yo les digo: No recurran a la violencia contra el que les haga daño. Al contrario, si alguno te abofetea en una mejilla, preséntale también la otra. 40 Y al que quiera pleitear contigo para quitarte la túnica, cédele el manto. 41 Y si alguno te fuerza a llevar una carga a lo largo de una milla, llévasela durante dos. 42 A quien te pida algo, dáselo; y a quien te ruegue que le hagas un préstamo, no le vuelvas la espalda.

El amor a los enemigos (Lc 6,27-28.32-36)

43 Saben que se dijo: Ama a tu prójimo y odia a tu enemigo. 44 Pero yo les digo: Amen a sus enemigos y oren por los que los persiguen. 45 Así serán verdaderamente hijos del Padre que está en los cielos, pues él hace que el sol salga sobre malos y buenos y envía la lluvia sobre justos e injustos. 46 Porque si solamente aman a los que los aman, ¿qué recompensa pueden esperar? ¡Eso lo hacen también los recaudadores de impuestos! 47 Y si saludan únicamente a los que los tratan bien, ¿qué hacen de extraordinario? ¡Eso lo hacen también los paganos! 48 Ustedes tienen que ser perfectos, como es perfecto el Padre celestial.

Introduction to the Sermon on the Mount

Now when Jesus saw the crowds, he went up on a mountainside and sat down. His disciples came to him, and he began to teach them.

The Beatitudes(A)

He said:

“Blessed are the poor in spirit,
    for theirs is the kingdom of heaven.(B)
Blessed are those who mourn,
    for they will be comforted.(C)
Blessed are the meek,
    for they will inherit the earth.(D)
Blessed are those who hunger and thirst for righteousness,
    for they will be filled.(E)
Blessed are the merciful,
    for they will be shown mercy.(F)
Blessed are the pure in heart,(G)
    for they will see God.(H)
Blessed are the peacemakers,(I)
    for they will be called children of God.(J)
10 Blessed are those who are persecuted because of righteousness,(K)
    for theirs is the kingdom of heaven.(L)

11 “Blessed are you when people insult you,(M) persecute you and falsely say all kinds of evil against you because of me.(N) 12 Rejoice and be glad,(O) because great is your reward in heaven, for in the same way they persecuted the prophets who were before you.(P)

Salt and Light

13 “You are the salt of the earth. But if the salt loses its saltiness, how can it be made salty again? It is no longer good for anything, except to be thrown out and trampled underfoot.(Q)

14 “You are the light of the world.(R) A town built on a hill cannot be hidden. 15 Neither do people light a lamp and put it under a bowl. Instead they put it on its stand, and it gives light to everyone in the house.(S) 16 In the same way, let your light shine before others,(T) that they may see your good deeds(U) and glorify(V) your Father in heaven.

The Fulfillment of the Law

17 “Do not think that I have come to abolish the Law or the Prophets; I have not come to abolish them but to fulfill them.(W) 18 For truly I tell you, until heaven and earth disappear, not the smallest letter, not the least stroke of a pen, will by any means disappear from the Law until everything is accomplished.(X) 19 Therefore anyone who sets aside one of the least of these commands(Y) and teaches others accordingly will be called least in the kingdom of heaven, but whoever practices and teaches these commands will be called great in the kingdom of heaven. 20 For I tell you that unless your righteousness surpasses that of the Pharisees and the teachers of the law, you will certainly not enter the kingdom of heaven.(Z)

Murder(AA)

21 “You have heard that it was said to the people long ago, ‘You shall not murder,[a](AB) and anyone who murders will be subject to judgment.’ 22 But I tell you that anyone who is angry(AC) with a brother or sister[b][c] will be subject to judgment.(AD) Again, anyone who says to a brother or sister, ‘Raca,’[d] is answerable to the court.(AE) And anyone who says, ‘You fool!’ will be in danger of the fire of hell.(AF)

23 “Therefore, if you are offering your gift at the altar and there remember that your brother or sister has something against you, 24 leave your gift there in front of the altar. First go and be reconciled to them; then come and offer your gift.

25 “Settle matters quickly with your adversary who is taking you to court. Do it while you are still together on the way, or your adversary may hand you over to the judge, and the judge may hand you over to the officer, and you may be thrown into prison. 26 Truly I tell you, you will not get out until you have paid the last penny.

Adultery

27 “You have heard that it was said, ‘You shall not commit adultery.’[e](AG) 28 But I tell you that anyone who looks at a woman lustfully has already committed adultery with her in his heart.(AH) 29 If your right eye causes you to stumble,(AI) gouge it out and throw it away. It is better for you to lose one part of your body than for your whole body to be thrown into hell. 30 And if your right hand causes you to stumble,(AJ) cut it off and throw it away. It is better for you to lose one part of your body than for your whole body to go into hell.

Divorce

31 “It has been said, ‘Anyone who divorces his wife must give her a certificate of divorce.’[f](AK) 32 But I tell you that anyone who divorces his wife, except for sexual immorality, makes her the victim of adultery, and anyone who marries a divorced woman commits adultery.(AL)

Oaths

33 “Again, you have heard that it was said to the people long ago, ‘Do not break your oath,(AM) but fulfill to the Lord the vows you have made.’(AN) 34 But I tell you, do not swear an oath at all:(AO) either by heaven, for it is God’s throne;(AP) 35 or by the earth, for it is his footstool; or by Jerusalem, for it is the city of the Great King.(AQ) 36 And do not swear by your head, for you cannot make even one hair white or black. 37 All you need to say is simply ‘Yes’ or ‘No’;(AR) anything beyond this comes from the evil one.[g](AS)

Eye for Eye

38 “You have heard that it was said, ‘Eye for eye, and tooth for tooth.’[h](AT) 39 But I tell you, do not resist an evil person. If anyone slaps you on the right cheek, turn to them the other cheek also.(AU) 40 And if anyone wants to sue you and take your shirt, hand over your coat as well. 41 If anyone forces you to go one mile, go with them two miles. 42 Give to the one who asks you, and do not turn away from the one who wants to borrow from you.(AV)

Love for Enemies

43 “You have heard that it was said, ‘Love your neighbor[i](AW) and hate your enemy.’(AX) 44 But I tell you, love your enemies and pray for those who persecute you,(AY) 45 that you may be children(AZ) of your Father in heaven. He causes his sun to rise on the evil and the good, and sends rain on the righteous and the unrighteous.(BA) 46 If you love those who love you, what reward will you get?(BB) Are not even the tax collectors doing that? 47 And if you greet only your own people, what are you doing more than others? Do not even pagans do that? 48 Be perfect, therefore, as your heavenly Father is perfect.(BC)

Footnotes

  1. Matthew 5:21 Exodus 20:13
  2. Matthew 5:22 The Greek word for brother or sister (adelphos) refers here to a fellow disciple, whether man or woman; also in verse 23.
  3. Matthew 5:22 Some manuscripts brother or sister without cause
  4. Matthew 5:22 An Aramaic term of contempt
  5. Matthew 5:27 Exodus 20:14
  6. Matthew 5:31 Deut. 24:1
  7. Matthew 5:37 Or from evil
  8. Matthew 5:38 Exodus 21:24; Lev. 24:20; Deut. 19:21
  9. Matthew 5:43 Lev. 19:18

The Sermon on the Mount; The Beatitudes

(A)Now when Jesus saw the crowds, He went up on (B)the [a]mountain; and after He sat down, His disciples came to Him. (C)And He opened His mouth and began to teach them, saying,

[b](D)Blessed are the [c]poor in spirit, for (E)theirs is the kingdom of heaven.
Blessed are (F)those who mourn, for they shall be comforted.
Blessed are (G)the [d]lowly, for they shall inherit the earth.
Blessed are (H)those who hunger and thirst for righteousness, for they shall be satisfied.
Blessed are (I)the merciful, for they shall receive mercy.
Blessed are (J)the pure in heart, for (K)they shall see God.
Blessed are the peacemakers, for (L)they shall be called sons of God.
10 Blessed are those who have been (M)persecuted for the sake of righteousness, for (N)theirs is the kingdom of heaven.

11 “Blessed are you when people (O)insult you and persecute you, and falsely say all kinds of evil against you because of Me. 12 Rejoice and be glad, for your reward in heaven is great; for (P)in the same way they persecuted the prophets who were before you.

Salt and Light

13 “You are the salt of the earth; but (Q)if the salt has become tasteless, how will it be made salty again? It is no longer good for anything, except to be thrown out to be trampled under foot by men.

14 “You are (R)the light of the world. A city set on a [e]hill cannot be hidden; 15 (S)nor does anyone light a lamp and put it under a [f]basket, but on the lampstand, and it gives light to all who are in the house. 16 Let your light shine before men in such a way that they may (T)see your good works, and (U)glorify your Father who is in heaven.

17 “Do not think that I came to abolish the (V)Law or the Prophets; I did not come to abolish but to fulfill. 18 For truly I say to you, (W)until heaven and earth pass away, not [g]the smallest letter or stroke shall pass from the Law until all is accomplished. 19 Whoever then annuls one of the least of these commandments, and teaches [h]others to do the same, shall be called least (X)in the kingdom of heaven; but whoever does and teaches them, he shall be called great in the kingdom of heaven.

20 “For I say to you that unless your (Y)righteousness surpasses that of the scribes and Pharisees, you will not enter the kingdom of heaven.

Personal Relationships

21 (Z)You have heard that [i]the ancients were told, ‘(AA)You shall not murder’ and ‘Whoever murders shall be guilty before (AB)the court.’ 22 But I say to you that everyone who is angry with his brother shall be guilty before (AC)the court; and whoever says to his brother, ‘[j]Raca,’ shall be guilty before the [k](AD)Sanhedrin; and whoever says, ‘You fool,’ shall be guilty enough to go into the [l](AE)fiery hell. 23 Therefore if you are (AF)presenting your [m]offering at the altar, and there remember that your brother has something against you, 24 leave your [n]offering there before the altar and go; first be (AG)reconciled to your brother, and then come and present your [o]offering. 25 (AH)Make friends quickly with your opponent at law while you are with him on the way, so that your opponent may not hand you over to the judge, and the judge to the officer, and you be thrown into prison. 26 Truly I say to you, (AI)you will not come out of there until you have paid up the last [p]quadrans.

27 (AJ)You have heard that it was said, ‘(AK)You shall not commit adultery’; 28 but I say to you that everyone who looks at a woman (AL)to lust for her has already committed adultery with her in his heart. 29 (AM)But if your right eye makes you [q]stumble, tear it out and throw it from you; for it is better for you [r]to lose one of the parts of your body, [s]than for your whole body to be thrown into [t](AN)hell. 30 (AO)And if your right hand makes you [u]stumble, cut it off and throw it from you; for it is better for you [v]to lose one of the parts of your body, [w]than for your whole body to go into [x](AP)hell.

31 “Now it was said, ‘(AQ)Whoever sends his wife away, let him give her a certificate of divorce’; 32 (AR)but I say to you that everyone who [y]divorces his wife, except for the reason of sexual immorality, makes her commit adultery; and whoever marries a [z]divorced woman commits adultery.

33 “Again, (AS)you have heard that [aa]the ancients were told, ‘[ab](AT)You shall not [ac]make false vows, but shall fulfill your [ad]vows to the [ae]Lord.’ 34 But I say to you, (AU)make no oath at all, either by heaven, for it is (AV)the throne of God, 35 or by the earth, for it is the (AW)footstool of His feet, or [af]by Jerusalem, for it is (AX)the city of the great King. 36 Nor shall you make an oath by your head, for you cannot make one hair white or black. 37 But let your statement be, ‘Yes, yes’ or ‘No, no’; anything beyond these is [ag]of (AY)the evil one.

38 (AZ)You have heard that it was said, ‘(BA)An eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth.’ 39 But I say to you, do not resist an evil person; but (BB)whoever slaps you on your right cheek, turn the other to him also. 40 And if anyone wants to sue you and take your [ah]tunic, let him have your [ai]garment also. 41 And whoever [aj]forces you to go one mile, go with him two. 42 (BC)Give to him who asks of you, and do not turn away from him who wants to borrow from you.

43 (BD)You have heard that it was said, ‘(BE)You shall love your neighbor (BF)and hate your enemy.’ 44 But I say to you, (BG)love your enemies and pray for those who persecute you, 45 so that you may [ak]be (BH)sons of your Father who is in heaven; for He causes His sun to rise on the evil and the good, and sends rain on the righteous and the unrighteous. 46 For (BI)if you love those who love you, what reward do you have? Do not even the tax collectors do the same? 47 And if you greet only your brothers, what more are you doing than others? Do not even the Gentiles do the same? 48 Therefore [al](BJ)you are to be perfect, as your heavenly Father is perfect.

Footnotes

  1. Matthew 5:1 Or hill
  2. Matthew 5:3 Fortunate or prosperous, so through v 11
  3. Matthew 5:3 Those who are not spiritually arrogant
  4. Matthew 5:5 Or humble, meek
  5. Matthew 5:14 Or mountain
  6. Matthew 5:15 Or peck-measure
  7. Matthew 5:18 Or one projection of a letter (serif); lit one iota (Heb yodh)
  8. Matthew 5:19 Gr anthropoi
  9. Matthew 5:21 Lit it was said to the ancients
  10. Matthew 5:22 Or empty-head; from Aram reqa
  11. Matthew 5:22 Or Council
  12. Matthew 5:22 Lit Gehenna of fire
  13. Matthew 5:23 Or gift
  14. Matthew 5:24 Or gift
  15. Matthew 5:24 Or gift
  16. Matthew 5:26 A Roman copper coin, approx. 1/64 of a laborer’s daily wage
  17. Matthew 5:29 Sin
  18. Matthew 5:29 Lit that one...be lost
  19. Matthew 5:29 Lit not your whole body
  20. Matthew 5:29 Gr Gehenna
  21. Matthew 5:30 Sin
  22. Matthew 5:30 Lit that one...be lost
  23. Matthew 5:30 Lit not your whole body
  24. Matthew 5:30 Gr Gehenna
  25. Matthew 5:32 Or sends away
  26. Matthew 5:32 Or sent away
  27. Matthew 5:33 Lit it was said to the ancients
  28. Matthew 5:33 you and your are singular here
  29. Matthew 5:33 Or break your vows
  30. Matthew 5:33 Lit oaths
  31. Matthew 5:33 In OT, Yahweh, cf. Deut 23:21
  32. Matthew 5:35 Or toward
  33. Matthew 5:37 Or from evil
  34. Matthew 5:40 A garment worn next to the body
  35. Matthew 5:40 An outer garment
  36. Matthew 5:41 Lit will force
  37. Matthew 5:45 Or show yourselves to be
  38. Matthew 5:48 Lit you shall be