Beginning
Chapter 5
1 Never be in a hurry to speak
or hastily make a promise to God,
for God is in heaven
and you are on earth;
therefore, let your words be few.
2 As dreams come when there are many cares,
so does the speech of a fool when there are many words.[a]
3 When you make a vow[b] to God, do not delay in fulfilling it, for God has no pleasure in fools. Fulfill the vow you have made. 4 It is preferable not to make a vow than to make it and fail to fulfill it.
5 Do not allow your mouth to lead you into sin and then plead before God’s messenger[c] that it was all a mistake. Otherwise God will become angered at your words and destroy the work of your hands. 6 A profusion of dreams leads to excessive vanity. Therefore, fear God.
Under the Pretext of General Interests. 7 If in some part of the realm you witness the oppression of the poor and the violation of rights and justice, do not be surprised; for every high official is supervised by one who is higher in rank, and the one who has the highest rank keeps watch over them all. 8 A country is best served when a king is in charge of the fertile fields.[d]
Money: An Insatiable Desire
9 One who is covetous will never be satisfied with money,
nor will the lover of wealth be content with gain.
This too is vanity.
10 When riches increase,
so do those who are eager to accumulate them,
and those who have accumulated them must remain content
simply to feast their eyes on them.
11 Sleep is sweet to the laborer,
whether he has much or little to eat,
but the vast riches of a wealthy man
do not allow him to sleep.
12 There is a grievous evil that I have seen under the sun:
Riches are hoarded by their owner to his disadvantage,
13 or riches are lost by some misfortune,
so that he has nothing remaining to leave to his son.
14 Just as he came forth naked from his mother’s womb,
so shall he depart, naked as he came,
with nothing remaining from his labor
that he can carry away in his hands.
15 This too is a grievous evil:
Just as he came, so must he go,
and what profit can he have after toiling for the wind?
16 All of his days are spent in darkness
with great anxiety, sickness, and resentment.
17 The Happiness Suitable for Humans. This is the conclusion I have reached: it is fitting for a man to eat and drink and find satisfaction in the results of his labors under the sun during the brief span of life that God has allotted him. 18 Moreover, the one to whom God grants wealth and possessions and the ability to enjoy them and to find contentment in his toil receives a gift from God. 19 For it is unlikely that he will brood about the passing years inasmuch as God keeps his heart filled with joy.[e]
Chapter 6
The Impossible Profit.[f] 1 There is another evil that I have seen under the sun, and it weighs heavily on the human race. 2 God may grant a man wealth, prosperity, and honor so that he lacks none of the things he desires. However, if God does not enable him to enjoy these gifts but rather allows someone else to revel in their benefits, this is vanity and a grievous ill.
3 A man may father a hundred children and live for many years, but no matter how many his days may be, if he does not have the opportunity to enjoy the good things of life and in the end receives no burial, I maintain that a stillborn child is more fortunate than he.[g]
4 For that child came in vain and departed in darkness, and in darkness will his name be enveloped. 5 Moreover, it has never seen the sun or known anything, yet its state is better than his. 6 It could live a thousand years twice over and experience no enjoyment, yet both will go to the same place.[h]
7 All man’s toil is for the mouth,
yet his appetite is never satisfied.
8 For what advantage does the wise man have
over the fool,
or what advantage do the poor have
in knowing how to conduct themselves in life?
9 What the eye sees is better
than what desire craves.
This also is vanity
and a chase after the wind.
What a Human Being Is: Conclusion to Part I
10 Whatever exists was given its name long ago,
and the nature of man is known,
as well as the fact that he cannot contend
with one who is stronger than he.[i]
11 The more words we speak,
the more our vanity increases,
so what advantage do we gain?
12 For who knows what is good for a man while he lives the few days of his vain life, through which he passes like a shadow? Who can tell him what will happen here afterward under the sun?
Search for Human Equilibrium
How To Discover?
Chapter 7
Laughter and Anguish[j]
1 A good name is better than precious ointment,
and the day of death than the day of birth.[k]
2 It is better to go to the house of mourning
than to the house of feasting.
For that is the end of every man;
let the living take it to heart.
3 Sorrow is better than laughter,
because a sad countenance may conceal a joyful heart.
4 The heart of the wise is in the house of mourning,
but the heart of fools is in the house of gaiety.
5 It is better to pay heed to the rebuke of the wise
than to listen to the songs of fools.
6 For like the crackling of thorns under a pot,
so is the laughter of fools.
This also is vanity.
7 Oppression can make a wise man foolish
and a bribe corrupts the heart.
The Refuge of Wisdom[l]
8 Better is the end of anything than its beginning;
better are the patient in spirit than the proud in spirit.
9 Do not become easily angered,
for anger lodges in the heart of fools.
10 Do not assert that the past was better than the present,
for such a statement is not a sign of wisdom.
11 Wisdom is as good as an inheritance
and an advantage to those who see the sun.
12 Safeguard wisdom as you would a legacy,
and the advantage of knowledge is this:
it bestows life on the one who possesses it.
13 Consider the work of God.
Who can make straight
what God has made crooked?
14 When things are going well, be grateful for your blessings,
and in times of adversity consider this:
God has made both of them,
so that we cannot predict with confidence
what the future holds.
Whoever Wants To Be an Angel Ends Up as a Beast[m]
15 During my span of life I have seen everything:
Righteous people who perish in their uprightness,
and wicked people who grow old in their wickedness.
16 Do not be excessively righteous
or show yourself to be unduly wise.[n]
Why should you destroy yourself?
17 Do not be excessively wicked
or act like a fool.
Why should you die before your time?[o]
18 It would be best for you to hold on to one
and not let go of the other.[p]
For the one who fears God will eventually succeed.
19 Wisdom gives greater strength to the wise man
than ten rulers in a city.
20 There is no one on earth who is so righteous
that he does nothing but good and never sins.[q]
21 If you do not pay attention to all that people say,
you will never hear your servant speaking ill of you.
22 For you know in your heart
that you have often spoken ill of others.
23 All this I have put to the test of wisdom:
I said, “I am determined to be wise,”
but such wisdom was beyond my reach.
24 This state of wisdom is far off and buried very deep.
Who can discover it?
Man and Woman[r]
25 I then turned my thoughts
in the direction of knowledge.
My mind sought to search out and seek wisdom
and the reason why things are as they are,
only to realize that it is foolish to be wicked
and madness to act like a fool.
26 I find more bitter than death
the woman who is a snare:[s]
her heart is a net
and her arms are chains.
One who pleases God escapes her clutches,
but the sinner is captured by her.
27 Behold, this is what I have discovered, says Qoheleth:
As I have added one thing to another in order to draw some conclusion,
28 which my mind has sought repeatedly
but has not yet discovered,
I have found one man out of a thousand,
but a woman among them all I have not found.
29 This alone have I found out:
God made human beings straightforward,
but they often follow devious paths.
Chapter 8
The Smile of a Wise Man[t]
1 Who is like the wise man?
Who else knows how to interpret things?
A man’s wisdom lights up his face,
softening the hardness of his countenance.
When Man Dominates Man.[u] 2 Obey the command of the king because of your sacred oath, 3 and do not be hasty to ignore it. Do not support him in some evil scheme, for he does whatever he pleases. 4 Since his word is sovereign, who can say to him, “What are you doing?”
5 Whoever obeys a command will come to no harm,
and the wise mind will know the time and the way.
6 For there is a time and a way for everything,
although a man’s troubles are a great affliction.
7 For he is ignorant of what the future holds,
inasmuch as no one will make known to him what is in store.
8 No one has it in his power
to restrain the wind from blowing
or to forestall the day of death.
No one can escape the perils of war,
nor can wickedness preserve those who engage in it.
9 All this I have observed as I carefully concentrated my mind on everything that is done under the sun, while one person tyrannizes another and causes suffering.
10 The Desire To Do Evil. Meanwhile I have observed the wicked being carried to their graves. They used to approach and enter the holy place, and they were praised in the city for having done such things. This also is vanity.[v]
11 Because the sentence for committing an evil act is not carried out quickly, people’s hearts are prone to act wickedly. 12 Even though the sinner does wrong a hundred times and continues to live, I am confident that things will go well for those who fear God because of their fear of him. 13 However, things will not go well with the wicked, and their days will not lengthen like a shadow, because they do not stand in fear before God.
14 What Constitutes Happiness.[w] Another vanity that takes place on earth is that sometimes righteous people are treated as though they had acted in an evil way, and wicked people are treated as though they had lived righteous lives. This too, I say, is vanity. 15 Therefore, I commend enjoyment, since there is nothing better for a man under the sun than to eat and drink and be glad. This is his reward for his toil during the days of life that God grants him under the sun.
How To Know?
16 The Claims of a Wise Man. Having pursued my goal to acquire wisdom and to observe the tasks undertaken on earth by man, whose eyes do not find rest either by day or by night, 17 I came to the realization that man is unable to discover all God’s work[x] that is done under the sun. However great an effort a man exerts in this search, he will never succeed. A wise man may claim to know, but he is in no way able to do so.
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