◀ All Reading Plans / Revised Common Lectionary (Complementary) / Psalm 104:24-34 35b (Renewing the face of the earth); Isaiah 32:11-17 (The spirit poured out to renew the earth); Galatians 5:16-25 (The fruit of the Spirit) (New English Translation)

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June 5, 2025

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Revised Common Lectionary (Complementary)

Daily Bible readings that follow the church liturgical year, with thematically matched Old and New Testament readings.

Duration: 1245 days

Psalm 104:24-34

²⁴How many living things you have made, O Lord!^[a]
You have exhibited great skill in making all of them;^[b]
the earth is full of the living things you have made.
²⁵Over here is the deep, wide sea,^[c]
which teems with innumerable swimming creatures,^[d]
living things both small and large.
²⁶The ships travel there,
and over here swims the whale^[e] you made to play in it.
²⁷All your creatures^[f] wait for you
to provide them with food on a regular basis.^[g]
²⁸You give food to them and they receive it;
you open your hand and they are filled with food.^[h]
²⁹When you ignore them, they panic.^[i]
When you take away their life’s breath,
they die and return to dust.
³⁰When you send your life-giving breath, they are created,
and you replenish the surface of the ground.
³¹May the splendor of the Lord endure.^[j]
May the Lord find pleasure in the living things he has made.^[k]
³²He looks down on the earth and it shakes;
he touches the mountains and they start to smolder.
³³I will sing to the Lord as long as I live;
I will sing praise to my God as long as I exist.^[l]
³⁴May my thoughts^[m] be pleasing to him.
I will rejoice in the Lord.

Psalm 104:35

³⁵May sinners disappear^[a] from the earth,
and the wicked vanish.
Praise the Lord, O my soul.
Praise the Lord.

Isaiah 32:11-17

¹¹Tremble, you complacent ones!
Shake with fear, you carefree ones!
Strip off your clothes and expose yourselves—
put sackcloth around your waists.^[a]
¹²Mourn over the field,^[b]
over the delightful fields
and the fruitful vine.
¹³Mourn^[c] over the land of my people,
which is overgrown with thorns and briers,
and over all the once-happy houses^[d]
in the city filled with revelry.^[e]
¹⁴For the fortress is neglected;
the once-crowded^[f] city is abandoned.
Hill^[g] and watchtower
are permanently uninhabited.^[h]
Wild donkeys love to go there,
and flocks graze there.^[i]
¹⁵This desolation will continue^[j] until new life is poured out on us from heaven.^[k]
Then the wilderness will become an orchard^[l]
and the orchard will be considered a forest.^[m]
¹⁶Justice will settle down in the wilderness
and fairness will live in the orchard.^[n]
¹⁷Fairness will produce peace^[o]
and result in lasting security.^[p]

Footnotes

Isaiah 32:11 tn The imperatival forms in v. 11 are problematic. The first (חִרְדוּ, khir^edu, “tremble”) is masculine plural in form, though spoken to a feminine plural addressee (שַׁאֲנַנּוֹת, shaʾanannot, “complacent ones”). The four imperatival forms that follow (רְגָזָה, r^egazah, “shake with fear”; פְּשֹׁטָה, p^eshotah, “strip off your clothes”; עֹרָה, ʿorah, “expose yourselves”; and חֲגוֹרָה, khagorah, “put on”) all appear to be lengthened (so-called “emphatic”) masculine singular forms, even though they too appear to be spoken to a feminine plural addressee. GKC 131-32 §48.i suggests emending חִרְדוּ (khir^edu) to חֲרָדָה (kharadah) and understanding all five imperatives as feminine plural “Aramaized” forms.
Isaiah 32:12 tc The Hebrew text has “over mourning breasts.” The reference to “breasts” would make sense in light of v. 11, which refers to the practice of women baring their breasts as a sign of sorrow (see J. N. Oswalt, Isaiah [NICOT], 1:585). However, one expects the preposition עַל (ʿal) to introduce the source or reason for mourning (see vv. 12b-13a) and the participle סֹפְדִים (sofedim, “mourning”) seems odd modifying “breasts.” The translation above assumes a twofold emendation: (1) שָׁדַיִם (shadayim, “breasts”) is emended to [ם]שָׂדַי (saday[m], “field,” a term that also appears in Isa 56:9). The final mem (ם) would be enclitic in this case, not a plural indicator. (The Hebrew noun שָׂדֶה (sadeh, “field”) forms its plural with an וֹת- [-ot] ending). (2) The plural participle סֹפְדִים is emended to סְפֹדָה (s^efodah), a lengthened imperatival form, meaning “mourn.” For an overview of various suggestions that have been made for this difficult line, see Oswalt, 586, n. 12).
Isaiah 32:13 tn “Mourn” is supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons. In the Hebrew text vv. 12-13 are one long sentence.
Isaiah 32:13 tn Heb “indeed, over all the houses of joy.” It is not certain if this refers to individual homes or to places where parties and celebrations were held.
Isaiah 32:13 sn This same phrase is used in 22:2.
Isaiah 32:14 tn Or “noisy” (NAB, NIV, NCV).
Isaiah 32:14 tn Hebrew עֹפֶל (ʿofel), probably refers here to a specific area within the city of Jerusalem. See HALOT 861 s.v. II עֹפֶל.
Isaiah 32:14 tn The Hebrew text has בְעַד מְעָרוֹת (v^eʿad m^eʿarot). The force of בְעַד, which usually means “behind, through, round about,” or “for the benefit of,” is uncertain here. HALOT 616 s.v. *מְעָרָה takes מְעָרוֹת (m^eʿarot) as a homonym of “cave” and defines it here as “cleared field.” Despite these lexical problems, the general point of the statement seems clear—the city will be uninhabited.
Isaiah 32:14 tn Heb “the joy of wild donkeys, a pasture for flocks.”
Isaiah 32:15 tn The words “The desolation will continue” refer to the previous context and have been added for smoothness.
Isaiah 32:15 tn Heb “until a spirit is emptied out on us from on high.” The words “this desolation will continue” are supplied in the translation for clarification and stylistic purposes. The verb עָרָה (ʿarah), used here in the Niphal, normally means “lay bare, expose.” The term רוּחַ (ruakh, “spirit”) is often understood here as a reference to the divine spirit (cf. 44:3 and NASB, NIV, CEV, NLT), but it appears here without an article (cf. NRSV “a spirit”), pronominal suffix, or a genitive (such as “of the Lord”). The translation assumes that it carries an impersonal nuance “vivacity, vigor” in this context.
Isaiah 32:15 tn The term כַּרְמֶל (karmel) may refer to fertile land, an orchard, a garden of vines, a plantation of trees, or fresh grain. The dictionaries may subdivide these meaning under homonyms (see BDB 502, NIDOTTE 718, HALOT 499, The Concise DCH, 183). The picture of transformation is clearer when it is understood that a מִדְבָּר (midbar, “wilderness”) is an area that does not receive enough rainfall to support trees.
Isaiah 32:15 sn The same statement appears in 29:17b, where, in conjunction with the preceding line, it appears to picture a reversal. Here it seems to depict supernatural growth. The desert will blossom into an orchard, and the trees of the orchard will multiply and grow tall, becoming a forest.
Isaiah 32:16 sn This new era of divine blessing will also include a moral/ethical transformation, as justice and fairness fill the land and replace the social injustice so prevalent in Isaiah’s time.
Isaiah 32:17 tn Heb “and the product of fairness will be peace.”
Isaiah 32:17 tn Heb “and the work of fairness [will be] calmness and security forever.”

Galatians 5:16-25

¹⁶But I say, live^[a] by the Spirit and you will not carry out the desires of the flesh.^[b] ¹⁷For the flesh has desires that are opposed to the Spirit, and the Spirit has desires^[c] that are opposed to the flesh, for these are in opposition to^[d] each other, so that you cannot do what you want. ¹⁸But if you are led by the Spirit, you are not under the law. ¹⁹Now the works of the flesh^[e] are obvious:^[f] sexual immorality, impurity, depravity, ²⁰idolatry, sorcery,^[g] hostilities,^[h] strife,^[i] jealousy, outbursts of anger, selfish rivalries, dissensions,^[j] factions, ²¹envying,^[k] murder,^[l] drunkenness, carousing,^[m] and similar things. I am warning you, as I had warned you before: Those who practice such things will not inherit the kingdom of God!

²²But the fruit of the Spirit^[n] is love,^[o] joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness,^[p] ²³gentleness, and^[q] self-control. Against such things there is no law. ²⁴Now those who belong to Christ^[r] have crucified the flesh^[s] with its passions^[t] and desires. ²⁵If we live by the Spirit, let us also behave in accordance with^[u] the Spirit.

Footnotes

Galatians 5:16 tn Grk “walk” (a common NT idiom for how one conducts one’s life or how one behaves).
Galatians 5:16 tn On the term “flesh” (once in this verse and twice in v. 17) see the note on the same word in Gal 5:13.
Galatians 5:17 tn The words “has desires” do not occur in the Greek text a second time, but are repeated in the translation for clarity.
Galatians 5:17 tn Or “are hostile toward” (L&N 39.1).
Galatians 5:19 tn See the note on the word “flesh” in Gal 5:13.
Galatians 5:19 tn Or “clear,” “evident.”
Galatians 5:20 tn Or “witchcraft.”
Galatians 5:20 tn Or “enmities,” “[acts of] hatred.”
Galatians 5:20 tn Or “discord” (L&N 39.22).
Galatians 5:20 tn Or “discord(s)” (L&N 39.13).
Galatians 5:21 tn This term is plural in Greek (as is “murder” and “carousing”), but for clarity these abstract nouns have been translated as singular.
Galatians 5:21 tc ‡ φόνοι (phonoi, “murders”) is absent in such significant mss as P⁴⁶ א B 33 81 323 945 sa, while the majority of mss (A C D F G Ψ 0122 0278 1175 1241 1505 1739 1881 2464 M lat bo) have the word. Although the pedigree of the mss which lack the term is of the highest degree, homoioteleuton may explain the shorter reading. The preceding word has merely one letter difference, making it quite possible to overlook this term (φθόνοι φόνοι, phthonoi phonoi). At the same time, φθόνου φόνου (phthonou phonou, “envy, murder”) is solidly attested in Rom 1:29, suggesting that scribes were not necessarily prone to dropping “murder” accidentally. A decision is difficult, with a slight preference for phonoi here.
Galatians 5:21 tn Or “revelings,” “orgies” (L&N 88.287).
Galatians 5:22 tn That is, the fruit the Spirit produces.
Galatians 5:22 sn Another way to punctuate this is “love” followed by a colon (love: joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness, and self-control). It is thus possible to read the eight characteristics following “love” as defining love.
Galatians 5:22 tn Or “reliability”; see BDAG 818 s.v. πίστις 1.a.
Galatians 5:23 tn “And” is supplied here as a matter of English style, which normally inserts “and” between the last two elements of a list or series.
Galatians 5:24 tc ‡ Some mss (א A B C P Ψ 0122¹ 0278 33 1175 1241 1739 1881 co) read “Christ Jesus” here, while many significant ones (P⁴⁶ D F G 0122*^,2 1505 2464 latt sy), as well as the Byzantine text, lack “Jesus.” The Byzantine text is especially not prone to omit the name “Jesus”; that it does so here argues for the authenticity of the shorter reading (for similar instances of probably authentic Byzantine shorter readings, see Matt 24:36 and Phil 1:14; cf. also W.-H. J. Wu, “A Systematic Analysis of the Shorter Readings in the Byzantine Text of the Synoptic Gospels” [Ph.D. diss., Dallas Theological Seminary, 2002]). On the strength of the alignment of P⁴⁶ with the Western and Byzantine text-groups, the shorter reading is preferred. NA²⁸ includes the word in brackets, indicating doubts as to its authenticity.
Galatians 5:24 tn See the note on the word “flesh” in Gal 5:13.
Galatians 5:24 tn The Greek term παθήμασιν (pathēmasin, translated “passions”) refers to strong physical desires, especially of a sexual nature (L&N 25.30).
Galatians 5:25 tn Or “let us also follow,” “let us also walk by.”

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