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2 Samuel 7-8

The Lord Establishes a Covenant with David

7 The king settled into his palace,^[a] for the Lord gave him relief^[b] from all his enemies on all sides.^[c] ²The king said to Nathan the prophet, “Look! I am living in a palace made from cedar, while the ark of God sits in the middle of a tent.” ³Nathan replied to the king, “You should go^[d] and do whatever you have in mind,^[e] for the Lord is with you.” ⁴That night the Lord’s message came to Nathan, ⁵“Go, tell my servant David, ‘This is what the Lord has said: Do you really intend to build a house for me to live in? ⁶I have not lived in a house from the time I brought the Israelites up from Egypt to the present day. Instead, I was traveling with them and living in a tent.^[f] ⁷Wherever I moved among all the Israelites, I did not say^[g] to any of their leaders^[h] whom I appointed to care for^[i] my people Israel, “Why have you not built me a house made from cedar?”’

⁸“So now, say this to my servant David, ‘This is what the Lord of Heaven’s Armies has said: I took you from the pasture and from your work as a shepherd^[j] to make you leader of my people Israel. ⁹I was with you wherever you went, and I defeated^[k] all your enemies before you. Now I will make you as famous as the great men of the earth.^[l] ¹⁰I will establish a place for my people Israel and settle^[m] them there; they will live there and not be disturbed^[n] anymore. Violent men^[o] will not oppress them again, as they did in the beginning ¹¹and during the time when I appointed judges to lead my people Israel. Instead, I will give you relief^[p] from all your enemies. The Lord declares^[q] to you that he himself^[r] will build a dynastic house^[s] for you. ¹²When the time comes for you to die,^[t] I will raise up your descendant, one of your own sons, to succeed you,^[u] and I will establish his kingdom. ¹³He will build a house for my name, and I will make his dynasty permanent.^[v] ¹⁴I will become his father and he will become my son. When he sins, I will correct him with the rod of men and with wounds inflicted by human beings. ¹⁵But my loyal love will not be removed from him as I removed it from Saul, whom I removed from before you. ¹⁶Your house and your kingdom will stand before me^[w] permanently; your dynasty^[x] will be permanent.’” ¹⁷Nathan told David all these words that were revealed to him.^[y]

David Offers a Prayer to God

¹⁸King David went in, sat before the Lord, and said, “Who am I, O Sovereign Lord, and what is my family,^[z] that you should have brought me to this point? ¹⁹And you didn’t stop there, O Lord God! You have also spoken about the future of your servant’s family.^[aa] Is this your usual way of dealing with men,^[ab] O Sovereign Lord? ²⁰What more can David say to you? You have given your servant special recognition,^[ac] O Sovereign Lord! ²¹For the sake of your promise and according to your purpose^[ad] you have done this great thing in order to reveal it to your servant.^[ae] ²²Therefore you are great, O Sovereign Lord, for there is none like you. There is no God besides you! What we have heard is true.^[af] ²³Who is like your people, Israel, a unique nation^[ag] on the earth? Their God^[ah] went^[ai] to claim^[aj] a nation for himself and to make a name for himself! You did great and awesome acts for your land,^[ak] before your people whom you delivered for yourself from the Egyptian empire and its gods.^[al] ²⁴You made Israel your very own people for all time.^[am] You, O Lord, became their God. ²⁵So now, O Lord God, make this promise you have made about your servant and his family a permanent reality.^[an] Do as you promised,^[ao] ²⁶so you may gain lasting fame,^[ap] as people say,^[aq] ‘The Lord of Heaven’s Armies is God over Israel!’ The dynasty^[ar] of your servant David will be established before you, ²⁷for you, O Lord of Heaven’s Armies, the God of Israel, have told^[as] your servant, ‘I will build you a dynastic house.’^[at] That is why your servant has had the courage^[au] to pray this prayer to you. ²⁸Now, O Sovereign Lord, you are the true God.^[av] May your words prove to be true!^[aw] You have made this good promise to your servant.^[ax] ²⁹Now be willing to bless your servant’s dynasty^[ay] so that it may stand permanently before you, for you, O Sovereign Lord, have spoken. By your blessing may your servant’s dynasty be blessed from now on into the future!”^[az]

David Subjugates Nearby Nations

8 Later David defeated the Philistines and subdued them. David took Metheg Ammah^[ba] from the Philistines.^[bb] ²He defeated the Moabites. He made them lie on the ground and then used a rope to measure them off. He put two-thirds of them to death and spared the other third.^[bc] The Moabites became David’s subjects and brought tribute.^[bd] ³David defeated King Hadadezer son of Rehob of Zobah when he came to reestablish^[be] his authority^[bf] over the Euphrates^[bg] River. ⁴David seized from him 1,700 charioteers^[bh] and 20,000 infantrymen. David cut the hamstrings of all but 100 of the chariot horses.^[bi] ⁵The Arameans of Damascus came to help King Hadadezer of Zobah, but David killed 22,000 of the Arameans. ⁶David placed garrisons in the territory of the Arameans of Damascus; the Arameans became David’s subjects and brought tribute. The Lord protected^[bj] David wherever he campaigned.^[bk] ⁷David took the golden shields that belonged to Hadadezer’s servants and brought them to Jerusalem.^[bl] ⁸From Tebah^[bm] and Berothai, Hadadezer’s cities, King David took a great deal of bronze.

⁹When King Toi^[bn] of Hamath heard that David had defeated the entire army of Hadadezer, ¹⁰he^[bo] sent his son Joram^[bp] to King David to extend his best wishes^[bq] and to pronounce a blessing on him for his victory over Hadadezer, for Toi had been at war with Hadadezer.^[br] He brought with him various items made of silver, gold, and bronze.^[bs] ¹¹King David dedicated these things to the Lord,^[bt] along with the dedicated silver and gold that he had taken from^[bu] all the nations that he had subdued, ¹²including^[bv] Edom,^[bw] Moab, the Ammonites, the Philistines, and Amalek. This also included some of the plunder taken from^[bx] King Hadadezer son of Rehob of Zobah.

¹³David became famous^[by] when he returned from defeating the Edomites^[bz] in the Valley of Salt; he defeated^[ca] 18,000 in all. ¹⁴He placed garrisons throughout Edom,^[cb] and all the Edomites became David’s subjects. The Lord protected David wherever he campaigned. ¹⁵David reigned over all Israel; he guaranteed justice for all his people.^[cc]

David’s Cabinet

¹⁶Joab son of Zeruiah was general in command of^[cd] the army; Jehoshaphat son of Ahilud was secretary; ¹⁷Zadok son of Ahitub and Ahimelech son of Abiathar^[ce] were priests; Seraiah was scribe; ¹⁸Benaiah son of Jehoiada supervised^[cf] the Kerethites and Pelethites; and David’s sons were priests.^[cg]

Footnotes

2 Samuel 7:1 tn Heb “house” (also in the following verse).
2 Samuel 7:1 tn Or “rest.”
2 Samuel 7:1 tn The translation understands the disjunctive clause in v. 1b as circumstantial-causal.
2 Samuel 7:3 tc Several medieval Hebrew mss and the Syriac Peshitta lack this word.
2 Samuel 7:3 tn Heb “all that is in your heart.”
2 Samuel 7:6 tn Heb “in a tent and in a dwelling.” The expression is a hendiadys, using two terms to express one idea.
2 Samuel 7:7 tn Heb “Did I speak a word?” In the Hebrew text the statement is phrased as a rhetorical question.
2 Samuel 7:7 tn Heb “tribes of Israel” (so KJV, NASB, NCV), but the parallel passage in 1 Chr 17:6 has “judges of Israel.”
2 Samuel 7:7 tn Heb “whom I commanded to shepherd” (so NIV, NRSV).
2 Samuel 7:8 tn Heb “and from after the sheep.”
2 Samuel 7:9 tn Heb “cut off.”
2 Samuel 7:9 tn Heb “and I will make for you a great name like the name of the great ones who are in the earth.”
2 Samuel 7:10 tn Heb “plant.”
2 Samuel 7:10 tn Heb “shaken.”
2 Samuel 7:10 tn Heb “the sons of violence.”
2 Samuel 7:11 tn Or “rest.”
2 Samuel 7:11 tn In the Hebrew text the verb is apparently perfect with vav consecutive, which would normally suggest a future sense (“he will declare”; so the LXX, ἀπαγγελεῖ [apangelei]). But the context seems instead to call for a present or past nuance (“he declares” or “he has declared”). The synoptic passage in 1 Chr 17:10 has וָאַגִּד (vaʾaggid, “and I declared”). The construction used in 2 Sam 7:11 highlights this important statement.
2 Samuel 7:11 tn Heb “the Lord.”
2 Samuel 7:11 tn Heb “house,” but used here in a metaphorical sense, referring to a royal dynasty. Here the Lord’s use of the word plays off the literal sense that David had in mind as he contemplated building a temple for the Lord. To reflect this in the English translation the adjective “dynastic” has been supplied.
2 Samuel 7:12 tn Heb, “when your days are full and you lie down with your ancestors.”
2 Samuel 7:12 tn Heb “your seed after you who comes out from your insides.”
2 Samuel 7:13 tn Heb “and I will establish the throne of his kingdom permanently.”
2 Samuel 7:16 tc Heb “before you.” A few medieval Hebrew mss read instead “before me,” which makes better sense contextually. (See also the LXX and the Syriac Peshitta.) The MT reading is probably the result of dittography (note the כ [kaf] at the beginning of the next form), with the extra כ then being interpreted as a pronominal suffix.
2 Samuel 7:16 tn Heb “throne.”
2 Samuel 7:17 tn Heb “according to all these words and according to all this revelation, so Nathan said to David.”
2 Samuel 7:18 tn Heb “house.”
2 Samuel 7:19 tn Heb “and this was small in your eyes, O Lord God, so you spoke concerning the house of your servant for a distance.”
2 Samuel 7:19 tn Heb “and this [is] the law of man”; KJV “is this the manner of man, O Lord God?”; NAB “this too you have shown to man”; NRSV “May this be instruction for the people, O Lord God!” This part of the verse is very enigmatic; no completely satisfying solution has yet been suggested. The present translation tries to make sense of the MT by understanding the phrase as a question that underscores the uniqueness of God’s dealings with David as described here. The parallel passage in 1 Chr 17:17 reads differently (see the note there).
2 Samuel 7:20 tn Heb “and you know your servant.” The verb here refers to recognizing another in a special way and giving them special treatment (see 1 Chr 17:18). Some English versions take this to refer to the Lord’s knowledge of David himself: CEV “you know my thoughts”; NLT “know what I am really like.”
2 Samuel 7:21 tn Heb “for the sake of your word and according to your heart.”
2 Samuel 7:21 tn Heb “to make known, your servant.”
2 Samuel 7:22 tn Heb “in all which we heard with our ears.” The phrase translated “in all” בְּכֹל (b^ekhol) should probably be emended to “according to all” כְּכֹל (k^ekhol).
2 Samuel 7:23 tn Heb “a nation, one.”
2 Samuel 7:23 tn Heb “whose God” or “because God.” In the Hebrew text this clause is subordinated to what precedes. The clauses are separated in the translation for stylistic reasons.
2 Samuel 7:23 tn The verb is plural in Hebrew, agreeing grammatically with the divine name, which is a plural of degree.
2 Samuel 7:23 tn Heb “redeem.”
2 Samuel 7:23 tn Heb “and to do for you [plural form] the great [thing] and awesome [things] for your land.”
2 Samuel 7:23 tn Heb “from Egypt, nations and their gods.” The LXX has “nations and tents,” which reflects a mistaken metathesis of letters in אֶלֹהָיו (ʾelohayv, “its gods”) and אֹהָלָיו (ʾohalayv, “its tents”).
2 Samuel 7:24 tn Heb “and you established for yourself your people Israel for yourself for a people permanently.”
2 Samuel 7:25 tn Heb “and now, O Lord God, the word which you spoke concerning your servant and concerning his house, establish permanently.”
2 Samuel 7:25 tn Heb “as you have spoken.”
2 Samuel 7:26 tn Heb “and your name might be great permanently.” Following the imperative in v. 23b, the prefixed verbal form with vav conjunctive indicates purpose/result.
2 Samuel 7:26 tn Heb “saying.” The words “as people” are supplied in the translation for clarification and stylistic reasons.
2 Samuel 7:26 tn Heb “the house.” See the note on “dynastic house” in the following verse.
2 Samuel 7:27 tn Heb “have uncovered the ear of.”
2 Samuel 7:27 tn Heb “a house.” This maintains the wordplay from v. 11 (see the note on the word “house” there) and is continued in v. 29.
2 Samuel 7:27 tn Heb “has found his heart.”
2 Samuel 7:28 tn Heb “the God.” The article indicates uniqueness here.
2 Samuel 7:28 tn The translation understands the prefixed verb form as a jussive, indicating David’s wish/prayer. Another option is to take the form as an imperfect and translate “your words are true.”
2 Samuel 7:28 tn Heb “and you have spoken to your servant this good thing.”
2 Samuel 7:29 tn Heb “house” (again later in this verse). See the note on “dynastic house” in v. 27.
2 Samuel 7:29 tn Or “permanently”; cf. NLT “it is an eternal blessing.”
2 Samuel 8:1 tn Heb “the bridle of one cubit.” Many English versions treat this as a place name because the parallel text in 1 Chr 18:1 reads “Gath” (which is used by NLT here). It is possible that “the bridle of one cubit” is to be understood as “the token of surrender,” referring to the Philistine’s defeat rather than a specific place (cf. TEV, CEV).
2 Samuel 8:1 tn Heb “from the hand [i.e., control] of the Philistines.”
2 Samuel 8:2 tn Heb “and he measured [with] two [lengths] of rope to put to death and [with] the fullness of the rope to keep alive.”
2 Samuel 8:2 tn Heb “and the Moabites were servants of David, carriers of tribute.”
2 Samuel 8:3 tc The LXX has ἐπιστῆσαι (epistēsai, “cause to stand”). See the parallel text in 1 Chr 18:3.
2 Samuel 8:3 tn Heb “hand.”
2 Samuel 8:3 tn The MT does not have the name “Euphrates” in the text. It is supplied in the margin (Qere) as one of ten places where the Masoretes believed that something was “to be read although it was not written” in the text as they had received it. The ancient versions (LXX, Syriac Peshitta, Vulgate) include the word. See also the parallel text in 1 Chr 18:3.
2 Samuel 8:4 tc The LXX has “1,000 chariots and 7,000 charioteers,” a reading adopted in the text of the NIV. See the parallel text in 1 Chr 18:4.
2 Samuel 8:4 tn Heb “and David cut the hamstrings of all the chariot horses, and he left from them 100 chariot horses.”
2 Samuel 8:6 tn Or “delivered.”
2 Samuel 8:6 tn Or “wherever he went.”
2 Samuel 8:7 tc The LXX includes seventeen words (in Greek) at the end of v. 7 that are not found in the MT. The LXX addition is as follows: “And Sousakim king of Egypt took them when he came up to Jerusalem in the days of Rehoboam the son of Solomon.” This Greek reading now finds Hebrew support in 4QSam^a. For a reconstruction of this poorly preserved Qumran text see E. C. Ulrich, Jr., The Qumran Text of Samuel and Josephus (HSM), 45-48.
2 Samuel 8:8 tn Heb “Betah” (so KJV, NASB, NRSV), but the name should probably be corrected to “Tebah.” See the parallel text in 1 Chr 18:8.
2 Samuel 8:9 tn The name is spelled “Tou” in the parallel text in 1 Chr 18:9. NIV adopts the spelling “Tou” here.
2 Samuel 8:10 tn Heb “Toi.” The proper name has been replaced by the pronoun in the translation for stylistic reasons.
2 Samuel 8:10 tn The name appears as “Hadoram” in the parallel text in 1 Chr 18:10.
2 Samuel 8:10 tn Heb “to ask concerning him for peace.”
2 Samuel 8:10 tn Heb “and to bless him because he fought with Hadadezer and defeated him, for Hadadezer was a man of battles with Toi.”
2 Samuel 8:10 tn Heb “and in his hand were items of silver and items of gold and items of bronze.”
2 Samuel 8:11 tn Heb “also them King David made holy to the Lord.”
2 Samuel 8:11 tn Heb “with the silver and the gold that he had dedicated from.”
2 Samuel 8:12 tn Heb “from.”
2 Samuel 8:12 tc Heb “Aram.” A few Hebrew mss along with the LXX and Syriac read “Edom” (cf. 2 Sam 8:14 and 1 Chr 18:11). Aram and Edom are spelled similarly, the difference being a ד (dalet) vs. a ר (resh). Besides the textual witnesses, the geography in v. 13, the Valley of Salt, fits Edom and not Aram.
2 Samuel 8:12 tn Heb “and from the plunder of.”
2 Samuel 8:13 tn Heb “made a name.”
2 Samuel 8:13 tc See the note on “Aram” in v. 12.
2 Samuel 8:13 tn The words “he defeated” are supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons.
2 Samuel 8:14 tc The MT is repetitious here: “He placed in Edom garrisons; in all Edom he placed garrisons.” The Vulgate lacks “in all Edom”; most of the Greek tradition (with the exception of the Lucianic recension and the recension of Origen) and the Syriac Peshitta lack “he placed garrisons.” The MT reading appears here to be the result of a conflation of variant readings.
2 Samuel 8:15 tn Heb “and David was doing what is just and fair for all his people.”
2 Samuel 8:16 tn Heb “was over.”
2 Samuel 8:17 tc Here Ahimelech is called “the son of Abiathar,” but NCV, CEV, and REB reverse this to conform with 1 Sam 22:20. Most recent English versions (e.g., NAB, NASB, NIV, NRSV, NLT) retain the order found in the MT.
2 Samuel 8:18 tc The translation follows the Syriac Peshitta, Targum, and Vulgate in reading “over,” rather than the simple conjunction that appears in MT. See also the parallel passage in 1 Chr 18:17.
2 Samuel 8:18 sn That David’s sons could have been priests, in light of the fact that they were not of the priestly lineage, is strange. One must assume either (1) that the word “priest” (כֹּהֵן, kohen) during this period of time could be used in a broader sense of “chief ruler” (KJV); “chief minister” (ASV, NASB), or “royal adviser” (NIV), perhaps based on the parallel passage in 1 Chr 18:17 which has “the king’s leading officials”, or (2) that in David’s day members of the king’s family could function as a special category of “priests” (cf. NLT “priestly leaders”). The latter option seems to be the more straightforward way of understanding the word in 2 Sam 8:18.

John 14:15-31

Teaching on the Holy Spirit

¹⁵“If you love me, you will obey^[a] my commandments.^[b] ¹⁶Then^[c] I will ask the Father, and he will give you another Advocate^[d] to be with you forever— ¹⁷the Spirit of truth, whom the world cannot accept,^[e] because it does not see him or know him. But you know him, because he resides^[f] with you and will be^[g] in you.

¹⁸“I will not abandon^[h] you as orphans,^[i] I will come to you.^[j] ¹⁹In a little while^[k] the world will not see me any longer, but you will see me; because I live, you will live too. ²⁰You will know at that time^[l] that I am in my Father and you are in me and I am in you. ²¹The person who has my commandments and obeys^[m] them is the one who loves me.^[n] The one^[o] who loves me will be loved by my Father, and I will love him and will reveal^[p] myself to him.”

²²“Lord,” Judas (not Judas Iscariot)^[q] said,^[r] “what has happened that you are going to reveal^[s] yourself to us and not to the world?” ²³Jesus replied,^[t] “If anyone loves me, he will obey^[u] my word, and my Father will love him, and we will come to him and take up residence with him.^[v] ²⁴The person who does not love me does not obey^[w] my words. And the word^[x] you hear is not mine, but the Father’s who sent me.

²⁵“I have spoken these things while staying^[y] with you. ²⁶But the Advocate,^[z] the Holy Spirit, whom the Father will send in my name, will teach you^[aa] everything,^[ab] and will cause you to remember everything^[ac] I said to you.

²⁷“Peace I leave with you;^[ad] my peace I give to you; I do not give it^[ae] to you as the world does.^[af] Do not let your hearts be distressed or lacking in courage.^[ag] ²⁸You heard me say to you,^[ah] ‘I am going away and I am coming back to you.’ If you loved me, you would be glad^[ai] that I am going to the Father, because the Father is greater than I am.^[aj] ²⁹I have told you now before it happens, so that when it happens you may believe.^[ak] ³⁰I will not speak with you much longer,^[al] for the ruler of this world is coming.^[am] He has no power over me,^[an] ³¹but I am doing just what the Father commanded me, so that the world may know^[ao] that I love the Father.^[ap] Get up, let us go from here.^[aq]

Footnotes

John 14:15 tn Or “will keep.”
John 14:15 sn Jesus’ statement If you love me, you will obey my commandments provides the transition between the promises of answered prayer which Jesus makes to his disciples in vv. 13-14 and the promise of the Holy Spirit which is introduced in v. 16. Obedience is the proof of genuine love.
John 14:16 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “Then” to reflect the implied sequence in the discourse.
John 14:16 tn Or “Helper” or “Counselor”; Grk “Paraclete,” from the Greek word παράκλητος (paraklētos). Finding an appropriate English translation for παράκλητος is a very difficult task. No single English word has exactly the same range of meaning as the Greek word. “Comforter,” used by some of the older English versions, appears to be as old as Wycliffe. But today it suggests a quilt or a sympathetic mourner at a funeral. “Counselor” is adequate, but too broad, in contexts like “marriage counselor” or “camp counselor.” “Helper” or “Assistant” could also be used, but could suggest a subordinate rank. “Advocate,” the word chosen for this translation, has more forensic overtones than the Greek word does, although in John 16:5-11 a forensic context is certainly present. Because an “advocate” is someone who “advocates” or supports a position or viewpoint and since this is what the Paraclete will do for the preaching of the disciples, it was selected in spite of the drawbacks.
John 14:17 tn Or “cannot receive.”
John 14:17 tn Or “he remains.”
John 14:17 tc Some early and significant witnesses (P^66* B D* W 1 565 it) have ἐστιν (estin, “he is”) instead of ἔσται (estai, “he will be”) here, while other weighty witnesses (P^66c,75vid א A D¹ L Θ Ψ ƒ¹³ 33^vid M as well as several versions and fathers), read the future tense. When one considers transcriptional evidence, ἐστιν is the more difficult reading and better explains the rise of the future tense reading, but it must be noted that both P⁶⁶ and D were corrected from the present tense to the future. If ἐστιν were the original reading, one would expect a few manuscripts to be corrected to read the present when they originally read the future, but that is not the case. When one considers what the author would have written, the future is on much stronger ground. The immediate context (both in 14:16 and in the chapter as a whole) points to the future, and the theology of the book regards the advent of the Spirit as a decidedly future event (see, e.g., 7:39 and 16:7). The present tense could have arisen from an error of sight on the part of some scribes or more likely from an error of thought as scribes reflected upon the present role of the Spirit. Although a decision is difficult, the future tense is most likely authentic. For further discussion on this textual problem, see James M. Hamilton, Jr., “He Is with You and He Will Be in You” (Ph.D. diss., The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, 2003), 213-20.
John 14:18 tn Or “leave.”
John 14:18 tn The entire phrase “abandon you as orphans” could be understood as an idiom meaning, “leave you helpless.”
John 14:18 sn I will come to you. Jesus had spoken in 14:3 of going away and coming again to his disciples. There the reference was both to the parousia (the second coming of Christ) and to the postresurrection appearances of Jesus to the disciples. Here the postresurrection appearances are primarily in view, since Jesus speaks of the disciples “seeing” him after the world can “see” him no longer in the following verse. But many commentators have taken v. 18 as a reference to the coming of the Spirit, since this has been the topic of the preceding verses. Still, vv. 19-20 appear to contain references to Jesus’ appearances to the disciples after his resurrection. It may well be that another Johannine double meaning is found here, so that Jesus ‘returns’ to his disciples in one sense in his appearances to them after his resurrection, but in another sense he ‘returns’ in the person of the Holy Spirit to indwell them.
John 14:19 tn Grk “Yet a little while, and.”
John 14:20 tn Grk “will know in that day.”sn At that time could be a reference to the parousia (second coming of Christ). But the statement in 14:19, that the world will not see Jesus, does not fit. It is better to take this as the postresurrection appearances of Jesus to his disciples (which has the advantage of taking in a little while in v. 19 literally).
John 14:21 tn Or “keeps.”
John 14:21 tn Grk “obeys them, that one is the one who loves me.”
John 14:21 tn Grk “And the one.” Here the conjunction καί (kai) has not been translated to improve the English style.
John 14:21 tn Or “will disclose.”
John 14:22 tn Grk “(not Iscariot).” The proper noun (Judas) has been repeated for clarity and smoothness in English style.sn This is a parenthetical comment by the author.
John 14:22 tn Grk “said to him.”
John 14:22 tn Or “disclose.”sn The disciples still expected at this point that Jesus, as Messiah, was going to reveal his identity as such to the world (cf. 7:4).
John 14:23 tn Grk “answered and said to him.”
John 14:23 tn Or “will keep.”
John 14:23 tn Grk “we will come to him and will make our dwelling place with him.” The context here is individual rather than corporate indwelling, so the masculine singular pronoun has been retained throughout v. 23. It is important to note, however, that the pronoun is used generically here and refers equally to men, women, and children.
John 14:24 tn Or “does not keep.”
John 14:24 tn Or “the message.”
John 14:25 tn Or “while remaining” or “while residing.”
John 14:26 tn Or “Helper” or “Counselor”; Grk “Paraclete,” from the Greek word παράκλητος (paraklētos). See the note on the word “Advocate” in v. 16 for a discussion of how this word is translated.
John 14:26 tn Grk “that one will teach you.” The words “that one” have been omitted from the translation since they are redundant in English.
John 14:26 tn Grk “all things.”
John 14:26 tn Grk “all things.”
John 14:27 sn Peace I leave with you. In spite of appearances, this verse does not introduce a new subject (peace). Jesus will use the phrase as a greeting to his disciples after his resurrection (20:19, 21, 26). It is here a reflection of the Hebrew shalom as a farewell. But Jesus says he leaves peace with his disciples. This should probably be understood ultimately in terms of the indwelling of the Paraclete, the Holy Spirit, who has been the topic of the preceding verses. It is his presence, after Jesus has left the disciples and finally returned to the Father, which will remain with them and comfort them.
John 14:27 tn The pronoun “it” is not in the Greek text, but has been supplied. Direct objects in Greek were often omitted when clear from the context.
John 14:27 tn Grk “not as the world gives do I give to you.”
John 14:27 tn Or “distressed or fearful and cowardly.”
John 14:28 tn Or “You have heard that I said to you.”
John 14:28 tn Or “you would rejoice.”
John 14:28 sn Jesus’ statement the Father is greater than I am has caused much christological and trinitarian debate. Although the Arians appealed to this text to justify their subordinationist Christology, it seems evident that by the fact Jesus compares himself to the Father, his divine nature is taken for granted. There have been two orthodox interpretations: (1) The Son is eternally generated while the Father is not: Origen, Tertullian, Athanasius, Hilary, etc. (2) As man the incarnate Son was less than the Father: Cyril of Alexandria, Ambrose, Augustine. In the context of the Fourth Gospel the second explanation seems more plausible. But why should the disciples have rejoiced? Because Jesus was on the way to the Father who would glorify him (cf. 17:4-5); his departure now signifies that the work the Father has given him is completed (cf. 19:30). Now Jesus will be glorified with that glory that he had with the Father before the world was (cf. 17:5). This should be a cause of rejoicing to the disciples because when Jesus is glorified he will glorify his disciples as well (17:22).
John 14:29 sn Jesus tells the disciples that he has told them all these things before they happen, so that when they do happen the disciples may believe. This does not mean they had not believed prior to this time; over and over the author has affirmed that they have (cf. 2:11). But when they see these things happen, their level of trust in Jesus will increase and their concept of who he is will expand. The confession of Thomas in 20:28 is representative of this increased understanding of who Jesus is. Cf. John 13:19.
John 14:30 tn Grk “I will no longer speak many things with you.”
John 14:30 sn The ruler of this world is a reference to Satan.
John 14:30 tn Grk “in me he has nothing.”
John 14:31 tn Or “may learn.”
John 14:31 tn Grk “But so that the world may know that I love the Father, and just as the Father commanded me, thus I do.” The order of the clauses has been rearranged in the translation to conform to contemporary English style.
John 14:31 sn Some have understood Jesus’ statement Get up, let us go from here to mean that at this point Jesus and the disciples got up and left the room where the meal was served and began the journey to the garden of Gethsemane. If so, the rest of the Farewell Discourse took place en route. Others have pointed to this statement as one of the “seams” in the discourse, indicating that the author used preexisting sources. Both explanations are possible, but not really necessary. Jesus could simply have stood up at this point (the disciples may or may not have stood with him) to finish the discourse before finally departing (in 18:1). In any case it may be argued that Jesus refers not to a literal departure at this point, but to preparing to meet the enemy who is on the way already in the person of Judas and the soldiers with him.

Psalm 119:33-48

ה (He)

³³Teach me, O Lord, the lifestyle prescribed by your statutes,^[a]
so that I might observe it continually.^[b]
³⁴Give me understanding so that I might observe your law,
and keep it with all my heart.^[c]
³⁵Guide me^[d] in the path of your commands,
for I delight to walk in it.^[e]
³⁶Give me a desire for your rules,^[f]
rather than for wealth gained unjustly.^[g]
³⁷Turn my eyes away from what is worthless.^[h]
Revive me with your word.^[i]
³⁸Confirm to your servant your promise,^[j]
which you made to the one who honors you.^[k]
³⁹Take away the insults that I dread.^[l]
Indeed,^[m] your regulations are good.
⁴⁰Look, I long for your precepts.
Revive me with your deliverance.^[n]

ו (Vav)

⁴¹May I experience your loyal love,^[o] O Lord,
and your deliverance,^[p] as you promised.^[q]
⁴²Then I will have a reply for the one who insults me,^[r]
for I trust in your word.
⁴³Do not completely deprive me of a truthful testimony,^[s]
for I await your justice.
⁴⁴Then I will keep^[t] your law continually
now and for all time.^[u]
⁴⁵I will be secure,^[v]
for I seek your precepts.
⁴⁶I will speak^[w] about your regulations before kings
and not be ashamed.
⁴⁷I will find delight in your commands,
which I love.
⁴⁸I will lift my hands to^[x] your commands,
which I love,
and I will meditate on your statutes.

Footnotes

Psalm 119:33 tn Heb “the way of your statutes.”
Psalm 119:33 tn Heb “and I will keep it to the end.” The prefixed verbal form with vav (ו) conjunctive indicates purpose/result after the preceding imperative. The Hebrew term עֵקֶב (ʿeqev) is understood to mean “end” here. Another option is to take עֵקֶב as meaning “reward” here (see Ps 19:11) and to translate, “so that I might observe it and be rewarded.”
Psalm 119:34 tn The two prefixed verbal forms with vav (ו) conjunctive indicate purpose/result after the introductory imperative.
Psalm 119:35 tn Or “make me walk.”
Psalm 119:35 tn Heb “for in it I delight.”
Psalm 119:36 tn Heb “turn my heart to your rules.”
Psalm 119:36 tn Heb “and not unjust gain.”
Psalm 119:37 tn Heb “Make my eyes pass by from looking at what is worthless.”
Psalm 119:37 tn Heb “by your word.”
Psalm 119:38 tn Heb “word.”
Psalm 119:38 tn Heb “which [is] for your fear,” that is, the promise made to those who exhibit fear of God.
Psalm 119:39 tn Heb “my reproach that I fear.”
Psalm 119:39 tn Or “for.”
Psalm 119:40 tn Or “righteousness.”
Psalm 119:41 tn Heb “and may your loyal love come to me.”
Psalm 119:41 tn Or “salvation” (so many English versions).
Psalm 119:41 tn Heb “according to your word.”
Psalm 119:42 tn Heb “and I will answer [the] one who insults me a word.” The prefixed verbal form with vav (ו) conjunctive indicates purpose/result after the jussive (see v. 41).
Psalm 119:43 tn Heb “do not snatch from my mouth a word of truth to excess.” The psalmist wants to be able to give a reliable testimony about the Lord’s loyal love (vv. 41-42), but if God does not intervene, the psalmist will be deprived of doing so, for the evidence of such love (i.e., deliverance) will be lacking.
Psalm 119:44 tn The cohortative verbal form with vav (ו) conjunctive indicates purpose/result after the negated jussive (see v. 43).
Psalm 119:44 tn Or “forever and ever.”
Psalm 119:45 tn Heb “and I will walk about in a wide place.” The cohortative with prefixed vav (ו) conjunctive gives a further consequence of the anticipated positive divine response (see vv. 43-44). Another option is to take the cohortative as expressing the psalmist’s request. In this case one could translate, “and please give me security.”
Psalm 119:46 tn The series of four cohortatives with prefixed vav (ו) conjunctive in vv. 46-48 list further consequences of the anticipated positive divine response to the request made in v. 43.
Psalm 119:48 tn Lifting the hands is often associated with prayer (Pss 28:2; 63:4; Lam 2:19). (1) Because praying to God’s law borders on the extreme, some prefer to emend the text to “I lift up my hands to you,” eliminating “your commands, which I love” as dittographic. In this view these words were accidentally repeated from the previous verse. (2) However, it is possible that the psalmist closely associates the law with God himself because he views the law as the expression of the divine will. (3) Another option is that “lifting the hands” does not refer to prayer here, but to the psalmist’s desire to receive and appropriate the law. (4) Still others understand this to be an action praising God’s commands (so NCV; cf. TEV, CEV, NLT).

Proverbs 15:33

³³The fear of the Lord provides wise instruction,^[a]
and before honor comes humility.^[b]

New English Translation (NET)

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The Lord Establishes a Covenant with David

David Offers a Prayer to God

David Subjugates Nearby Nations

David’s Cabinet

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Teaching on the Holy Spirit

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ה (He)

ו (Vav)

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