Chronological
1 This is the ·message [oracle; burden] for the city of Nineveh [C the capital of the Assyrian empire]. This is the book of the vision of Nahum, ·who was from the town of Elkosh [L the Elkoshite; C of uncertain location].
The Lord Is Angry with Nineveh
2 The Lord is a ·jealous [zealous] God [Ex. 20:5; 34:14; Deut. 4:24; 5:9; Josh. 24:19] who ·punishes [avenges];
the Lord ·punishes [avenges] and is filled with ·anger [wrath].
The Lord ·punishes [takes vengeance on] ·those who are against him [his adversaries/enemies],
and he ·stays angry with [or vents his wrath against] his enemies.
3 The Lord ·does not become angry quickly [L is slow to anger; Ex. 34:6; Num. 14:18; Neh. 9:17; Ps. 86:15; 145:8; Joel 2:13; Jon. 4:2],
and his power is great.
The Lord will not let the guilty go unpunished.
·Where the Lord goes, there are [L His way/path is in] whirlwinds and storms,
and the clouds are the dust beneath his feet [C God’s awesome power is seen in nature; the clouds are his chariot; Ps. 68:4; 104:3; Dan. 7:13; Matt. 24:30; 26:64; Rev. 1:7].
4 He ·speaks to [rebukes] the sea and makes it dry [Ps. 106:9; Matt. 8:26; Luke 8:24];
he dries up all the rivers.
The areas of Bashan and Carmel dry up,
and the ·flowers [blossoms] of Lebanon dry up [C areas known for their lush vegetation and fertile land].
5 The mountains ·shake [tremble] in front of him,
and the hills melt.
The earth ·trembles [heaves] ·when he comes [before him],
the world and all who live in it.
6 ·No one [L Who…?] can ·stay alive [withstand/stand before] ·when he is angry [his indignation/anger];
no one can ·survive [endure] his ·strong [fierce; burning] anger.
His ·anger [wrath] is poured out like fire;
the rocks ·are smashed by [crumble before] him.
7 The Lord is good,
·giving protection [a stronghold; refuge] in ·times [L the day] of trouble.
He ·knows [cares for] those who trust in him.
8 But like a ·rushing [overwhelming] flood,
he will ·completely destroy [make an end of] ·Nineveh [her place; C Nineveh was destroyed in 612 bc, after Nahum wrote];
he will ·chase [pursue] his enemies ·until he kills them [into darkness].
9 The Lord will completely destroy
·anyone making plans [or whatever you plot/conspire] against him.
Trouble will not come a second time.
10 Those people will be ·like tangled [or entangled among] thorns
or like people drunk from their wine;
they will be ·burned up quickly [consumed] like ·dry weeds [stubble].
11 Someone has come from ·Nineveh [L you]
who ·makes evil plans [plots evil] against the Lord
and gives wicked ·advice [counsel; strategy].
12 This is what the Lord says:
“Although Assyria ·is strong [or has allies] and has many people,
it will be ·defeated [destroyed] and ·brought to an end [pass away].
Although I have ·made you suffer, Judah [L afflicted you],
I will ·make you suffer [afflict you] no more.
13 Now I will ·free you from their control [L break his yoke from you]
and tear away your ·chains [shackles].”
14 The Lord has given you this command, Nineveh:
“You will not have ·descendants [L seed] to carry on your name.
I will ·destroy [L cut off] the ·idols [carved images] and metal images
that are in the ·temple [L house] of your gods.
I will ·make [prepare] a grave for you,
because you are ·wicked [vile; despicable].”
15 Look, there on the ·hills [mountains],
·someone is [L the feet of one] bringing good news [Is. 52:7]!
He is announcing peace!
Celebrate your ·feasts [festivals], people of Judah,
and ·give your promised sacrifices to God [L fulfill your vows].
The wicked will not come to attack you again;
they have been completely ·destroyed [L cut off].
Nineveh Will Be Defeated
2 The ·destroyer [attacker; scatterer] is coming ·to attack [against] ·you, Nineveh [L you; C the Babylonians and Medes destroyed Nineveh].
Guard the ·defenses [fortress; ramparts].
Watch the road.
·Get ready [T Gird your loins].
Gather all your strength!
2 ·Destroyers [Plunderers] have ·destroyed [plundered] God’s people
and ruined their vines,
but the Lord will ·bring back [restore] Jacob’s ·greatness [splendor; majesty]
like Israel’s ·greatness [splendor; majesty].
3 The shields of his soldiers are red [C either dyed red or splattered with blood];
the army is dressed in ·red [scarlet].
The metal on the chariots ·flashes like fire [shines; glistens]
·when [L on the day] they are ready to attack;
·their horses are excited [or their cypress spears are brandished].
4 The chariots ·race [storm; charge insanely] through the streets
and rush back and forth through the city squares.
They look like torches;
they run like lightning.
5 He [C probably the king of Assyria] ·calls [or remembers] his officers,
but they stumble on the way.
They hurry to the city wall,
and the ·shield [or siege tower] is put into place.
6 The river gates are thrown open,
and the palace ·is destroyed [collapses; dissolves; melts].
7 It has been ·announced [decreed] that ·the people of Nineveh [L she]
will be ·captured [exiled; or stripped; exposed] and carried away.
The slave girls moan like doves
and beat their breasts [C a sign of grief].
8 Nineveh is like a pool,
and now its water is draining away.
“Stop! Stop!” the people yell,
but no one turns back.
9 ·Take [Plunder] the silver!
·Take [Plunder] the gold!
There is no end to the treasure—
piles of wealth of every ·kind [precious/desirable thing].
10 ·Nineveh is robbed [L Empty!], ·ruined [desolate!], and destroyed.
·The people lose their courage [L Their hearts melt], and their knees knock.
·Stomachs ache [Bodies/Loins in anguish], and everyone’s face grows pale.
11 Where is the lions’ den [C the lion was a symbol of Assyria]
and the place where they feed their young?
Where did the lion, lioness, and cubs go
without being afraid?
12 The lion killed enough for his cubs,
·enough [L and strangled prey] for his ·mate [L lionesses].
He filled his cave with ·the animals he caught [prey];
he filled his den with ·meat he had killed [L torn (flesh)].
13 “I am against ·you, Nineveh [L you],”
says the Lord ·All-Powerful [Almighty; of Heaven’s Armies; T of hosts].
“I will burn up your chariots in smoke,
and the sword will ·kill [devour] your young lions.
I will ·stop you from hunting down others on [L cut off your prey from] the earth,
and your messengers’ voices
will no longer be heard.”
It Will Be Terrible for Nineveh
3 ·How terrible it will be for [L Woe to] the city ·that has killed so many [L of blood].
It is full of lies
and ·goods stolen from other countries [plunder].
It is ·always killing somebody [L never empty of prey].
2 Hear the sound of whips
and the ·noise [rumble; shaking] of the wheels.
Hear horses galloping
and chariots bouncing along!
3 ·Horses [Cavalry; Horsemen] are charging,
swords are ·shining [flashing],
spears are gleaming!
Many are ·dead [slain];
their bodies are piled up—
too many to count.
People stumble over the dead bodies.
4 ·The city was like a prostitute [For her many acts of prostitution];
she was ·charming [graceful] and a ·lover of magic [L mistress of sorceries].
She made nations slaves with her prostitution
and her ·witchcraft [sorcery; charms].
5 “I am against ·you, Nineveh [L you],” says the Lord ·All-Powerful [Almighty; of Heaven’s Armies; T of hosts].
“I will pull your dress up over your face
and show the nations your nakedness
and the kingdoms your shame [C the punishment of a prostitute in the ancient Near East].
6 I will throw filthy garbage on you
and ·make a fool of you [treat you with contempt].
I will make ·people stare at you [you a spectacle].
7 Everyone who sees you will ·run away [or turn away in disgust] and say,
‘Nineveh is in ruins. Who will ·cry [grieve; lament] for her?’
Nineveh, where will I find anyone to comfort you?”
8 You are no better than ·Thebes [L No Amon; C meaning “city of (the god) Amon”; This capital of Upper Egypt, thought to be impregnable, was destroyed by the Assyrians in 663 bc],
who sits by the Nile River
with water all around her.
The river was her ·defense [rampart];
the waters were like a wall around her.
9 Cush [C ancient Ethiopia or Nubia] and Egypt gave her endless strength;
Put and Libya supported her [C neighboring countries allied with Egypt].
10 But Thebes was captured
and went into ·captivity [exile].
Her ·small children [infants] were ·beaten to death [dashed to pieces]
at every street corner.
Lots were thrown for her ·important men [nobles; C parceled out as slaves],
and all of her ·leaders [great ones] were put in chains.
11 You [C Nineveh] will be drunk, too.
You will hide;
you will ·look for a place safe [seek refuge] from the enemy.
12 All your ·defenses [fortresses] are like fig trees with ripe fruit.
When the tree is shaken, the figs fall into the mouth of the eater.
13 Look at your soldiers.
They are all women [C meaning helpless or physically weak]!
The gates of your land
are wide open for your enemies;
fire has ·burned [consumed; devoured] the bars of your gates.
14 ·Get enough water before the long war begins [Draw water for the siege].
Make your defenses strong!
Get mud,
mix clay,
·make bricks [strengthen the brickwork]!
15 There the fire will ·burn you up [consume/devour you].
The sword will ·kill you [cut you down];
·like grasshoppers eating crops, the battle will completely destroy you [it will devour you like locusts].
Grow in number like ·hopping [or young] locusts;
grow in number like ·swarming [or flying] locusts!
16 Your ·traders [merchants] are more than the stars in the sky,
but like locusts they ·strip the land [or shed their skin] and then fly away.
17 Your guards are like locusts.
Your officers are like swarms of locusts
that ·hang [settle; encamp] on the walls on a cold day.
When the sun comes up, they fly away,
and no one knows where they have gone.
18 King of Assyria, your ·rulers [L shepherds] are asleep;
your ·important men [nobles; officers] lie down ·to rest [or dead].
Your people have been scattered on the mountains [C like sheep],
and there is no one to ·bring them back [gather them].
19 Nothing can heal your wound;
your ·injury [wound] ·will not heal [is fatal].
Everyone who hears ·about you applauds [will clap their hands over you],
because ·everyone has [L who has not…?] felt your endless cruelty.
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