Beginning

1 In the eighth month, in the second year of Darius, the word of the Lord was made to Zechariah, the son of Berechiah, the son of Iddo, (the) prophet, and said,

² The Lord is wroth on your fathers with wrathfulness. (The Lord was truly angry with your forefathers.)

³ And thou shalt say to them, The Lord of hosts saith these things. Be ye turned again to me, saith the Lord of hosts, and I shall be turned again to you, saith the Lord of hosts. (And thou shalt say to the people, The Lord of hosts saith these things. Return ye to me, saith the Lord of hosts, and I shall return to you/Come ye back to me, saith the Lord of hosts, and I shall come back to you.)

⁴ Be ye not as your fathers, to which the former prophets cried, saying, The Lord of hosts saith these things, Be ye converted from your evil ways, and your worst thoughts; and they heard not, neither took attention to me, saith the Lord of hosts. (Do not ye be like your forefathers, to whom the earlier prophets, or the prophets of old, cried, saying, The Lord of hosts saith these things, Turn ye away from your evil ways, and your worst thoughts; and they did not listen, nor pay any attention to me, saith the Lord of hosts.)

⁵ Where be your fathers and (the) prophets? whether they shall live [into] without end? (And now where be your forefathers, and the prophets? do they live forever?)

⁶ Nevertheless my words and my lawful things, which I commanded to my servants (the) prophets, whether they caught not your fathers? And they were turned again, and said, As the Lord of hosts thought for to do to us by our ways, and by our findings, he did to us. (Nevertheless my words and my laws, which I commanded to my servants the prophets, did they not catch, or overtake, your forefathers? And then they repented, or turned, and said, As the Lord of hosts thought to do to us because of our ways, and our deeds, so he hath done to us.)

⁷ In the four and twentieth day of the eleventh month Sebat, that is, January, in the second year of Darius, the word of the Lord was made to Zechariah, son of Berechiah, son of Iddo, prophet, and said, (On the twenty-fourth day of the eleventh month, that is, January, in the second year of Darius, the word of the Lord was made to the prophet Zechariah, the son of Berechiah, the son of Iddo, and said,)

⁸ I saw by night, and lo! a man going on a red horse; and he stood betwixt places where myrtles waxed, that were in the depth, and after him were horses red, diverse (dappled), and white.

⁹ And I said, My lord, who be these? And an angel of the Lord said to me, that spake in me, I shall show to thee what these be. (And I said, My lord, what be these horses? And the angel of the Lord who spoke to me, said to me, I shall show thee what these horses be.)

¹⁰ And the man that stood betwixt places where myrtles waxed, answered, and said, These it be, which the Lord sent, that they walk through (the) earth. (And the man who stood between the places where the myrtles grew, answered, and said, These be they, which the Lord sent, to walk through the earth.)

¹¹ And they answered to the angel of the Lord, that stood betwixt places where myrtles waxed, and said, We have walked through (the) earth, and lo! all (the) earth is inhabited, and resteth.

¹² And the angel of the Lord answered, and said, Lord of hosts, how long shalt thou not have mercy on Jerusalem, and on [the] cities of Judah, to which thou art wroth? (with whom thou art angry?) This now is the seventieth year.

¹³ And the Lord answered to the angel, that spake in me (who spoke to me), good words, and words of comfort.

¹⁴ And the angel that spake in me, said to me, Cry thou, saying, The Lord of hosts saith these things, I loved Jerusalem and Zion in great fervor; (And the angel who spoke to me, said to me, Cry thou, saying, The Lord of hosts saith these things, I loved Jerusalem and Zion with great fervor;)

¹⁵ and in great wrath I shall be wroth on rich folks; for I was wroth a little, forsooth they helped into evil. (and with great anger I shall rage against the rich nations; because before, when I was but a little angry, they helped evil to increase.)

¹⁶ Therefore the Lord saith these things, I shall turn again to Jerusalem in mercies. Mine house shall be builded in it, saith the Lord of hosts; and a plummet shall be stretched out on Jerusalem. (And so the Lord saith these things, I have returned to Jerusalem with mercy. My House shall be rebuilt in it, saith the Lord of hosts; and a plumb line shall be stretched out upon Jerusalem.)

¹⁷ Yet cry thou, saying, The Lord of hosts saith these things, Yet my cities shall flow with goods, and yet the Lord shall comfort Zion, and yet he shall choose Jerusalem. (Once again cry thou, saying, The Lord of hosts saith these things, Once again my cities shall overflow with good things, and once again the Lord shall comfort Zion, and once again he shall choose Jerusalem.)

¹⁸ And I raised mine eyes, and I saw, and lo! four horns. (And I raised up my eyes, and I saw, and lo! four horns.)

¹⁹ And I said to the angel, that spake in me, What be these? (And I said to the angel, who spoke to me, What be these horns?) And he said to me, These be (the) horns that winnowed Judah, and Israel, and Jerusalem.

²⁰ And the Lord showed to me four smiths. (And the Lord showed me four men with hammers.)

²¹ And I said, What come these for to do? Which spake, saying, These be the horns, that winnowed Judah by all men, and no man of them raised his head; and these came for to make them afeared, that they cast down the horns of heathen men, which raised the horn on the land of Judah, for to scatter it. (And I said, What do these smiths come to do? Who answered and said, These be the horns, that winnowed all the people of Judah, so that no one could raise up their head; and these smiths came to make the heathen afraid, yea, so that they cast down the horns of the heathen, who raised the horns upon the land of Judah, in order to scatter it.)

2 And I raised mine eyes, and saw, and lo! a man, and lo! in his hand, a little cord of meters. (And I raised up my eyes, and saw, and lo! a man, and lo! in his hand, a little measuring cord.)

² And I said, Whither goest thou? And he said to me, That I mete Jerusalem, and Judah; (to see) how much is the breadth thereof, and how much is the length thereof. (And I said, Where goest thou? And he said to me, So that I can measure Jerusalem, and Judah; to see how much is its breadth, and how much is its length.)

³ And lo! the angel that spake in me, went out, and another angel went out into the meeting of him, (And lo! the angel who spoke to me, went out, and another angel went out to meet him,)

⁴ and said to him, Run thou, speak to this young man, and say thou, Jerusalem shall be inhabited without wall, for the multitude of men and beasts in the middle thereof. (and said to him, Run thou, speak to this young man, and say thou, Jerusalem shall be inhabited like a city without walls, for the multitude of the people and of the beasts in its midst.)

⁵ And I shall be to it, saith the Lord, a wall of fire in compass; and I shall be in glory in [the] middle thereof. (And I shall be to it, saith the Lord, a wall of fire all around it; and I shall also be the glory in its midst.)

⁶ A! A! A! flee ye from the land of the north, saith the Lord, for in four winds of heaven I scattered you, saith the Lord. (O! O! O! flee ye from the land of the north, saith the Lord, for by the four winds of the heavens I have scattered you, saith the Lord.)

⁷ A! thou Zion, flee, that dwellest at the daughter of Babylon. (O! thou Zion, flee, thou who livest in Babylon.)

⁸ For the Lord of hosts saith these things, After glory he sent me to heathen men, which robbed you; for he that shall touch you, shall touch the apple of mine eye. (For the Lord of hosts saith these things, After the glory he hath sent me to the heathen, who robbed you; for he who toucheth you, toucheth the apple of my eye.)

⁹ For lo! I raise mine hand on them, and they shall be preys to these that served them; and ye shall know, that the Lord of hosts sent me. (For lo! I shall raise my hand against them, and they shall be prey for those who served them; and then ye shall know, that the Lord of hosts hath sent me.)

¹⁰ Daughter of Zion, praise thou, and be glad; for lo! I come, and I shall dwell in [the] middle of thee, saith the Lord. (Daughter of Zion, praise thou, and be happy; for lo! I come, and I shall live in thy midst, saith the Lord.)

¹¹ And many folks shall be joined to the Lord in that day, and they shall be to me into a people, and I shall dwell in the middle of thee; and thou shalt know that the Lord of hosts sent me to thee. (And many nations shall join the Lord on that day, and they shall be his people, and he shall live in their midst; and then thou shalt know that the Lord of hosts hath sent me to thee.)

¹² And the Lord shall wield Judah into his part, in the land hallowed, and shall choose yet Jerusalem. (And the Lord shall take Judah for his portion, in the hallowed, or in the consecrated, land, and shall once again choose Jerusalem.)

¹³ Each flesh be still from the face of the Lord, for he rose of his holy dwelling place. (Each person be still before the face of the Lord, for he hath risen up from his holy dwelling place.)

3 And the Lord showed to me the great priest Joshua, standing before the angel of the Lord; and Satan stood on his right half, that he should be adversary to him. (And the Lord showed me Joshua, the High Priest, standing before the angel of the Lord; and Satan stood at his right hand/and the Adversary stood at his right hand, so that he could accuse him, or so that he could be adverse, or hostile, to him.)

² And the Lord said to Satan, The Lord blame in thee, Satan, and the Lord that chose Jerusalem, blame in thee. Whether this is not a dead brand ravished from the fire? (And the Lord said to Satan/And the Lord said to the Adversary, The Lord rebuketh thee, Satan, yea, the Lord who chose Jerusalem, rebuketh thee. Is not this man like a firebrand snatched from the fire?)

³ And Joshua was clothed with foul clothes, and stood before the face of the angel. (And Joshua was clothed with filthy clothes, and stood before the angel.)

⁴ Which answered, and said to them that stood before him, and he said, Do ye away foul clothes from him. And he said to him, Lo! I have done away from thee thy wickedness, and I have clothed thee with changing (of) clothes. (Who answered, and said to those who stood before him, and he said, Do ye away his filthy clothes. And then he said to him, Lo! I have done away thy wickedness from thee, and I have clothed thee with a change of clothing/and I have clothed thee with clean clothes.)

⁵ And he said, Put ye a clean mitre on his head. And they putted a clean mitre on his head, and clothed him with clothes. And the angel of the Lord stood, (And he said, Put ye a clean turban upon his head. And they put a clean turban upon his head, and clothed him with clean clothes. And the angel of the Lord stood by,)

⁶ and the angel of the Lord witnessed to Joshua, and said,

⁷ The Lord of hosts saith these things, If thou shalt go in my ways, and shalt keep my keeping, also and thou shalt deem mine house, and shalt keep my porches; and I shall give to thee goers, of these that now here stand nigh. (The Lord of hosts saith these things, If thou shalt go in my ways, and shalt perform your duties, then thou shalt judge, or thou shalt rule, my House, and shalt keep charge of my courtyards, and I shall give thee the right to come and go amongst those who now stand here nearby.)

⁸ Hear thou, Joshua, great priest, thou and thy friends that dwell before thee, for they be men signifying thing[s] to coming. Lo! soothly I shall bring my servant springing up, either Christ born. (Hear thou, Joshua, the High Priest, thou and thy friends who be seated before thee, for they signify the things to come. Lo! truly I shall bring forth my servant, The Branch.)

⁹ For lo! the stone which I gave before Joshua, on one stone be seven eyes; and lo! I shall grave the graving thereof, saith the Lord of hosts, and I shall do away the wickedness of that land in one day. (For lo! the stone which I put before Joshua, and on that one stone be seven eyes, or seven facets; and lo! I shall engrave its engraving, or its inscription, saith the Lord of hosts, and I shall do away the wickedness of that land in one day.)

¹⁰ In that day, saith the Lord of hosts, a man shall call his friend under a vine, and under a fig tree. (On that day, saith the Lord of hosts, a man shall call his friends to come, and sit down, and rest under a vine, and under a fig tree.)

4 And the angel turned again, that spake in me, and raised me, as a man that is raised (up out) of his sleep. (And the angel who spoke to me, returned, and raised me up, like a man who is raised up from his sleep.)

² And he said to me, What seest thou? And I said, I saw, and lo! a candlestick all of gold, and the lamp thereof on the head thereof, and seven lanterns thereof on it, and seven vessels for to hold oil to the lanterns, that were on the head thereof. (And he said to me, What seest thou? And I said, Lo! I see a gold candlestick, and a lamp on top of it, and seven lanterns on it, and seven vessels to hold oil for the lanterns, on top of them.)

³ And two olives thereon, one of the right half of the lamp, and another on the left half thereof. (And two olive trees beside it, one on the right side of the lamp, and the other on its left side.)

⁴ And I answered, and said to the angel that spake in me, and I said, What be these things, my lord? (And I answered, and said to the angel who spoke to me, and I said, What be these things, my lord?)

⁵ And the angel that spake in me, answered, and said to me, Whether thou knowest not what be these things? And I said, No, my lord. (And the angel who spoke to me, answered, and said to me, Knowest thou not what these things be? And I said, No, my lord.)

⁶ And he answered, and said to me, and spake, This is the word of the Lord, saying to Zerubbabel, Not in host, neither in strength, but in my spirit, saith the Lord of hosts. (And he answered, and spoke to me, and said, This is the word of the Lord, saying to Zerubbabel, Not by army, nor by strength, but by my spirit, saith the Lord of hosts.)

⁷ Who art thou, great hill, before Zerubbabel, into plain? and he shall lead out the first stone, and shall make even grace to grace thereof. (Who art thou, great mountain, compared to Zerubbabel? nothing but a flat plain! yea, he shall lay the first stone, and shall make the last stone’s beauty equal to the beauty of the first stone.)

⁸ And the word of the Lord was made to me, and said,

⁹ The hands of Zerubbabel founded this house, and the hands of him shall perform it; and ye shall know, that the Lord of hosts sent me to you. (Zerubbabel’s hands founded this House, and his hands shall finish it; and then ye shall know, that the Lord of hosts sent me to you.)

¹⁰ Who forsooth despised little days? and they shall be glad, and shall see a stone of tin in the hand of Zerubbabel (Who hath despised the day of small things? they shall be happy, and shall see the plumb bob in Zerubbabel’s hand). These be the seven eyes of the Lord, that run about into all (the) earth.

¹¹ And I answered, and said to him, What be these twain olives on the right half of the candlestick, and at the left half thereof? (And I answered, and said to him, What be these two olive trees on the right side of the candlestick, and on its left side?)

¹² And I answered the second time, and said to him (And I spoke a second time, and asked him), What be the twain ears, either ripe fruit, of olives that be beside the two pipes of gold, in which be (the) oil vessels of gold?

¹³ And he said to me, and spake, Whether thou knowest not what be these things? And I said, No, my lord. (And he spoke to me, and said, Knowest thou not what these things be? And I said, No, my lord.)

¹⁴ And he said, These be two sons of oil shining, which stand nigh to the lordly governor of all earth. (And he said, These be the two sons shining with oil, who stand near to the Lord who ruleth over all the earth.)

5 And I was converted, and raised mine eyes, and saw, and lo! a book flying. (And I turned, and raised up my eyes, and lo! I saw a flying book/and lo! I saw a scroll flying through the air.)

² And he said to me, What seest thou? And I said, Lo! I see a book flying; the length thereof was of twenty cubits, and the breadth thereof of ten cubits. (And I said, Lo! I see a flying book/Lo! I see a scroll flying through the air; its length was twenty cubits, and its breadth was ten cubits.)

³ And he said to me, This is the curse, that goeth on the face of all (the) earth; for each thief shall be deemed, as it is written there; and each man swearing (falsely) shall be deemed of this also. (And he said to me, This is the curse, that goeth forth over the face of all the earth; for each thief shall be judged, as it is written there; and each person who falsely sweareth shall also be judged by this, and swept away.)

⁴ I shall lead out it, saith the Lord of hosts, and it shall come to the house of a thief, and to the house of him that sweareth falsely in my name; and it shall dwell in the middle of his house, and shall waste him, and his trees, and his stones. (I have sent it out, saith the Lord of hosts, and it shall come to the thief’s house, and to the house of him who sweareth falsely in my name; and it shall stay, or remain, in the midst of his house, and it shall destroy him, and his wood, or his timber, and his stones.)

⁵ And the angel went out, that spake in me (who spoke to me), and said to me, Raise (up) thine eyes, and see, what this thing is that goeth out.

⁶ And I said, What is it? And he said, This is an amphora, either a pot, going out. And he said, This is the eye of them in all earth (And he said, This is their sin in all the earth).

⁷ And lo! a talent of lead was borne (up from it); and lo! a woman (was) sitting in (the) middle of the pot.

⁸ And he said, This is unpiety, either unfaithfulness. And he casted down her in(to) the middle of the pot, and sent a gobbet of lead into the mouth thereof. (And he said, This is Unrighteousness, or Wickedness. And he threw her down into the midst of the pot, and put the piece of lead back into the mouth of the pot.)

⁹ And I raised mine eyes, and saw, and lo! two women going out, and a spirit in the wings of them; and they had wings as the wings of a kite, and raised the pot betwixt heaven and earth. (And I raised up my eyes, and saw, and lo! two women going out, and the wind in their wings; and they had wings like the wings of a stork, and they raised up the pot between heaven and the earth.)

¹⁰ And I said to the angel that spake in me, Whither bear these the pot? (And I said to the angel who spoke to me, Where shall they take the pot?)

¹¹ And he said to me, That an house be builded thereto in the land of Shinar, and be stablished, and set there on his foundament. (And he said to me, To the land of Shinar, or to Babylon, so that a house, or a temple, can be built for it, and it can be established, and put there upon its own foundation, or upon its own base.)

6 And I was converted, and raised mine eyes, and saw, and lo! four [four-]horsed carts going out of the middle of twain hills, and the hills were hills of brass. (And I turned, and raised up my eyes, and saw, and lo! four four-horsed carts, or four chariots, going out from the midst of, or between, two bronze hills.)

² In the first four-horsed cart were red horses, and in the second four-horsed cart were black horses; (The first four-horsed cart, or chariot, had red horses, and the second four-horsed cart, or chariot, had black horses;)

³ and in the third four-horsed cart were white horses, and in the fourth four-horsed cart were diverse horses, and strong. (and the third four-horsed cart, or chariot, had white horses, and the fourth four-horsed cart, or chariot, had dappled horses.)

⁴ And I answered, and said to the angel that spake in me, What be these things, my lord? (And I said to the angel, who spoke to me, What be these things, my lord?)

⁵ And the angel answered, and said to me, These be four winds of heaven, which go out, that they stand before the lordshipper of all earth. (And the angel answered, and said to me, These be the four winds of the heavens, which go out from before the Lord, who ruleth over all the earth.)

⁶ In which were black horses, they went out into the land of the north; and the white went out after them; and the diverse went out into the land of the south. (The cart, or the chariot, which had the black horses went out to the land of the north; and that which had the white horses went out to the west; and that which had the dappled horses went out to the land of the south.)

⁷ Forsooth they that were strongest went out, and sought for to go, and run about by all earth. And he said, Go ye, and walk ye through the earth. And they walked through the earth. (And the chariot with the red horses went out to the east; and they all sought to go, and to run about through all the earth. And he said, Go ye, and run ye through all the earth. And so they ran through all the earth.)

⁸ And he called me, and spake to me, and said, Lo! they that go out into the land of the north, made my spirit for to rest in the land of the north.

⁹ And the word of the Lord was made to me, and said,

¹⁰ Take thou of them that (be) of the transmigration, either captivity, of Heldai, and of Tobijah, and of Jedaiah; and thou shalt come in that day, and shalt enter into the house of Josiah, son of Zephaniah, that came from Babylon. (Take thou the gifts from those who be of the exiles, or of the captives, yea, from Heldai, and from Tobijah, and from Jedaiah; and thou shalt go on that day, and shalt enter into the house of Josiah, the son of Zephaniah, who came from Babylon.)

¹¹ And thou shalt take gold and silver, and shalt make crowns, and put on the head of Joshua, the great priest, the son of Josedech; (And thou shalt take that gold and that silver, and thou shalt make a crown, and put it on the head of Joshua, the son of Josedech, the High Priest;)

¹² and shalt speak to him, and say, The Lord of hosts saith these things, saying, Lo! a man, Coming forth, either Born, is his name, and under him it shall spring. And he shall build a temple to the Lord, (and shalt speak to him, and say, The Lord of hosts saith these things, saying, Lo! a man whose name is The Branch shall come forth, and shall spring up. And he shall rebuild the Temple of the Lord,)

¹³ and he shall make a temple to the Lord; and he shall bear glory, and shall sit, and shall be lord on his seat; and the priest shall be on his seat, and counsel of peace shall be betwixt them twain. (yea, he shall build the Temple of the Lord; and he shall bear glory, and shall sit, and shall be lord, or shall rule, upon his throne; and the priest shall be beside his throne, and a concord of peace shall be between these two.)

¹⁴ And crowns shall be to Helem, and to Tobijah, and to Jedaiah, and to Hen, the son of Zephaniah, (as) a memorial in the temple of the Lord. (And the crown shall be in the charge, or under the care, of Heldai, and Tobijah, and Jedaiah, and Josiah, the son of Zephaniah, as a memorial in the Temple of the Lord.)

¹⁵ And they that be far, shall come, and build in the temple of the Lord; and ye shall know, that the Lord of hosts sent me to you. Soothly this thing shall be, if by hearing ye shall hear the voice of your Lord God. (And they who be far, shall come, and help to rebuild the Temple of the Lord; and then ye shall know, that the Lord of hosts hath sent me to you. Truly this shall be, if by hearing ye shall obey the voice of the Lord your God.)

7 And it is made in the fourth year of Darius, king, the word of the Lord was made to Zechariah, in the fourth day of the ninth month, that is Chisleu, that is, November. (And it was done in the fourth year of King Darius, the word of the Lord was made to Zechariah, on the fourth day of the ninth month, that is Chisleu, or November.)

² And Sherezer, and Regemmelech, and men that were with them, sent to the house of the Lord, for to pray the face of the Lord; (And Sherezer, and Regemmelech, and the men who were with them, sent word to the House of the Lord, for them to pray to the Lord;)

³ that they should say to priests of the house of the Lord of hosts, and to prophets, and speak, Whether it is to weep to me in the fifth month, either I shall hallow me, as I did now many years? (and so that they could ask the priests of the House of the Lord of hosts, and the prophets, Is it for me to weep and to consecrate, or to dedicate, myself in the fifth month, as I have done now for so many years?)

⁴ And the word of the Lord [of hosts] was made to me, and said,

⁵ Speak thou to all the people of the land, and to priests, and say thou, When ye fasted, and wailed in the fifth and seventh month(s), by these seventy years, whether ye fasted a fast to me? (Speak thou to all the people of the land, and to the priests, and say thou, When ye fasted, and wailed in the fifth month and in the seventh month, during those seventy years, did ye ever fast in honour of me?)

⁶ And when ye ate, and drank, whether ye ate not to you, and drank not to yourselves? (And when ye ate, and drank, did ye not eat, and drink, to please only yourselves?)

⁷ Whether the words of prophets be not, which the Lord spake in the hand of the former prophets, when yet Jerusalem was inhabited, and was full of riches, and it, and the cities thereof in compass thereof, and at the south and in field place was inhabited? (Were not these the words of the prophets, which the Lord spoke by the earlier prophets, or by the prophets of old, when Jerusalem was still inhabited, and was full of riches, and it, and the cities there all around it, and to the south, or in the Negeb, and on the lowlands, or on the Shephelah, were all inhabited?)

⁸ And the word of the Lord was made to Zechariah, and said,

⁹ The Lord of hosts saith these things, and speaketh, Deem ye true doom, and do ye mercy, and doings of mercy, each man with his brother. (The Lord of hosts speaketh these things, and saith, Judge ye with true justice, and do ye mercy, and doings of mercy, each man with his brother/each person with his neighbour.)

¹⁰ And do not ye falsely challenge a widow, and fatherless, either motherless, and comeling, and poor man; and a man think not in his heart evil to his brother. (And do not ye oppress a widow, or the fatherless, or the motherless, child, or a newcomer, that is, a stranger, or a poor person; and do not let anyone think evil in his heart against his brother, or against his neighbour.)

¹¹ And they would not take heed, and they turned away the shoulder, and went away, and made heavy their ears (and closed their ears), lest they heard.

¹² And they set their heart as an adamant (stone), lest they heard the law, and words which the Lord of hosts sent in his [holy] Spirit, by the hand of the former prophets; and great indignation was made of the Lord of hosts. (And they hardened their hearts like a stone, lest they heard the Law, and the words which the Lord of hosts sent by his Holy Spirit, by the earlier prophets, or by the prophets of old; and so the Lord of hosts had great indignation.)

¹³ And it is done, as he spake; and as they heard not, so they shall cry, and I shall not hear [them], saith the Lord of hosts. (And it is done, as he had said it would be; and because they did not listen to me, so now they shall cry, and I shall not hear them/and I shall not listen to them, saith the Lord of hosts.)

¹⁴ And I scattered them by all realms, which they knew not, and the land is desolate from them; for that there was not a man going and turning again, and they have put [the] desirable land into desert. (And I scattered them into all the kingdoms, which they did not know about, and the land was made empty of them; and because there was no one going forth, and returning, they have made, or turned, this most desirable land into a desert, or deserted and desolate.)