Israel’s Rejection of Christ

9 I speak the truth in Christ^(A)—I am not lying; my conscience testifies to me through the Holy Spirit^[a]— ² that I have great sorrow and unceasing anguish in my heart. ³ For I could wish^(B) that I myself were cursed^(C) and cut off^[b] from Christ for the benefit of my brothers and sisters, my own flesh and blood. ⁴ They are Israelites,^(D) and to them belong the adoption,^(E) the glory,^(F) the covenants,^(G) the giving of the law,^(H) the temple service,^(I) and the promises.^{(J) 5} The ancestors are theirs,^(K) and from them, by physical descent,^[c] came the Christ,^(L) who is God^(M) over all,^(N) praised forever.^[d](O) Amen.

God’s Gracious Election of Israel

⁶ Now it is not as though the word of God has failed,^(P) because not all who are descended from Israel are Israel.^{(Q) 7} Neither is it the case that all of Abraham’s children are his descendants.^[e](R) On the contrary, your offspring will be traced^[f] through Isaac.^{[g](S) 8} That is, it is not the children by physical descent^[h] who are God’s children,^(T) but the children of the promise^(U) are considered to be the offspring. ⁹ For this is the statement of the promise: At this time I will come, and Sarah will have a son.^{[i](V) 10} And not only that,^(W) but Rebekah conceived children^(X) through one man, our father Isaac. ¹¹ For though her sons had not been born yet or done anything good or bad, so that God’s purpose according to election might stand^(Y)— ¹² not from works but from the one who calls—she was told, The older will serve the younger.^{[j](Z) 13} As it is written: I have loved Jacob, but I have hated Esau.^[k](AA)

God’s Selection Is Just

¹⁴ What should we say then?^(AB) Is there injustice with God?^(AC) Absolutely not!^{(AD) 15} For he tells Moses, I will show mercy to whom I will show mercy, and I will have compassion on whom I will have compassion.^{[l](AE) 16} So then, it does not depend on human will or effort^(AF) but on God who shows mercy.^{(AG) 17} For the Scripture tells Pharaoh, I raised you up for this reason so that I may display my power in you and that my name may be proclaimed in the whole earth.^{[m](AH) 18} So then, he has mercy on whom he wants to have mercy and he hardens whom he wants to harden.^(AI)

¹⁹ You will say to me,^(AJ) therefore, “Why then does he still find fault?^(AK) For who resists his will?” ^{(AL) 20} On the contrary, who are you, a human being, to talk back to God?^(AM) Will what is formed say to the one who formed it, “Why did you make me like this?” ^{(AN) 21} Or has the potter no right over the clay,^(AO) to make from the same lump one piece of pottery for honor and another for dishonor? ²² And what if God, wanting to display his wrath and to make his power known, endured with much patience^(AP) objects of wrath prepared for destruction?^{(AQ) 23} And what if he did this to make known the riches of his glory^(AR) on objects of mercy^(AS) that he prepared beforehand for glory^(AT)— ²⁴ on us, the ones he also called,^(AU) not only from the Jews but also from the Gentiles?^{(AV) 25} As it^[n] also says in Hosea,

²⁷ But Isaiah cries out concerning Israel,

²⁹ And just as Isaiah predicted:

Israel’s Present State

³⁰ What should we say then?^(BD) Gentiles, who did not pursue righteousness, have obtained righteousness—namely the righteousness that comes from faith.^{(BE) 31} But Israel, pursuing the law of righteousness,^(BF) has not achieved the righteousness of the law.^{[t](BG) 32} Why is that? Because they did not pursue it by faith, but as if it were by works.^[u] They stumbled over the stumbling stone.^{(BH) 33} As it is written,

Righteousness by Faith Alone

10 Brothers and sisters, my heart’s desire and prayer to God concerning them^[w] is for their salvation. ² I can testify about them that they have zeal for God,^(BK) but not according to knowledge. ³ Since they are ignorant of the righteousness of God^(BL) and attempted to establish their own righteousness, they have not submitted to God’s righteousness. ⁴ For Christ is the end^[x] of the law for righteousness^(BM) to everyone who believes,^{(BN) 5} since Moses writes about the righteousness that is from the law: The one who does these things will live by them.^{[y](BO) 6} But the righteousness that comes from faith^(BP) speaks like this: Do not say in your heart, “Who will go up to heaven?”^[z](BQ) that is, to bring Christ down ⁷ or, “Who will go down into the abyss?”^[aa](BR) that is, to bring Christ up from the dead.^{(BS) 8} On the contrary, what does it say? The message is near you, in your mouth and in your heart.^[ab](BT) This is the message of faith that we proclaim: ⁹ If you confess with your mouth, “Jesus is Lord,”^(BU) and believe in your heart^(BV) that God raised him from the dead,^(BW) you will be saved. ¹⁰ One believes with the heart, resulting in righteousness, and one confesses with the mouth, resulting in salvation. ¹¹ For the Scripture says, Everyone who believes on him will not be put to shame,^{[ac](BX) 12} since there is no distinction between Jew and Greek,^(BY) because the same Lord^(BZ) of all^(CA) richly blesses all who call on him. ¹³ For everyone who calls on the name of the Lord will be saved.^[ad](CB)

Israel’s Rejection of the Message

¹⁴ How, then, can they call on him they have not believed in? And how can they believe without hearing about him?^(CC) And how can they hear without a preacher?^{(CD) 15} And how can they preach unless they are sent? As it is written: How beautiful^[ae] are the feet of those who bring good news.^{[af](CE) 16} But not all obeyed the gospel.^(CF) For Isaiah says, Lord, who has believed our message?^{[ag](CG) 17} So faith comes from what is heard,^(CH) and what is heard comes through the message about Christ.^{[ah](CI) 18} But I ask, “Did they not hear?” Yes, they did:

¹⁹ But I ask, “Did Israel not understand?” First, Moses said,

²⁰ And Isaiah says boldly,

²¹ But to Israel he says, All day long I have held out my hands to a disobedient and defiant people.^[al](CN)

Israel’s Rejection Not Total

11 I ask, then, has God rejected his people?^(CO) Absolutely not!^(CP) For I too am an Israelite, a descendant of Abraham,^(CQ) from the tribe of Benjamin. ² God has not rejected his people whom he foreknew.^(CR) Or don’t you know^(CS) what the Scripture says in the passage about Elijah—how he pleads with God against Israel? ³ Lord, they have killed your prophets and torn down your altars. I am the only one left, and they are trying to take my life!^{[am](CT) 4} But what was God’s answer to him? I have left seven thousand for myself who have not bowed down to Baal.^{[an](CU) 5} In the same way, then, there is also at the present time a remnant chosen by grace.^{(CV) 6} Now if by grace,^(CW) then it is not by works; otherwise grace ceases to be grace.^[ao]

⁷ What then? Israel did not find what it was looking for,^(CX) but the elect did find it. The rest were hardened,^{(CY) 8} as it is written,

⁹ And David says,

Israel’s Rejection Not Final

¹¹ I ask, then, have they stumbled so as to fall? Absolutely not! On the contrary, by their transgression, salvation has come to the Gentiles^(DB) to make Israel jealous. ¹² Now if their transgression brings riches for the world, and their failure riches for the Gentiles, how much more will their fullness bring!^(DC)

¹³ Now I am speaking to you Gentiles. Insofar as I am an apostle to the Gentiles,^(DD) I magnify my ministry, ¹⁴ if I might somehow make my own people^[ar](DE) jealous and save some of them.^{(DF) 15} For if their rejection brings reconciliation^(DG) to the world, what will their acceptance mean but life from the dead?^{(DH) 16} Now if the firstfruits are holy,^(DI) so is the whole batch. And if the root is holy, so are the branches.

¹⁷ Now if some of the branches were broken off,^(DJ) and you, though a wild olive branch, were grafted in among them^(DK) and have come to share in the rich root^[as] of the cultivated olive tree, ¹⁸ do not boast that you are better than those branches. But if you do boast—you do not sustain the root, but the root sustains you.^{(DL) 19} Then you will say,^(DM) “Branches were broken off so that I might be grafted in.” ²⁰ True enough; they were broken off because of unbelief, but you stand by faith.^(DN) Do not be arrogant, but beware,^{[at](DO) 21} because if God did not spare the natural branches, he will not spare you either. ²² Therefore, consider God’s kindness and severity: severity toward those who have fallen but God’s kindness^(DP) toward you—if you remain in his kindness.^(DQ) Otherwise you too will be cut off.^{(DR) 23} And even they, if they do not remain in unbelief,^(DS) will be grafted in, because God has the power to graft them in again. ²⁴ For if you were cut off from your native wild olive tree and against nature were grafted into a cultivated olive tree, how much more will these—the natural branches—be grafted into their own olive tree?

²⁵ I don’t want you to be ignorant^(DT) of this mystery,^(DU) brothers and sisters, so that you will not be conceited:^(DV) A partial hardening has come upon Israel^(DW) until the fullness of the Gentiles has come in.^{(DX) 26} And in this way all^[au] Israel will be saved, as it is written,

²⁸ Regarding the gospel, they are enemies for your advantage,^(EA) but regarding election, they are loved because of the patriarchs,^{(EB) 29} since God’s gracious gifts and calling^(EC) are irrevocable.^{[ax](ED) 30} As you once disobeyed God but now have received mercy through their disobedience, ³¹ so they too have now disobeyed, resulting in mercy to you, so that they also may now^[ay] receive mercy. ³² For God has imprisoned all in disobedience^(EE) so that he may have mercy on all.

A Hymn of Praise

A Living Sacrifice

12 Therefore, brothers and sisters, in view of the mercies of God, I urge you^(EL) to present your bodies as a living sacrifice,^(EM) holy and pleasing to God; this is your true worship.^{[ba] 2} Do not be conformed^(EN) to this age,^(EO) but be transformed by the renewing of your mind,^(EP) so that you may discern what is the good, pleasing, and perfect will^(EQ) of God.

Many Gifts but One Body

³ For by the grace^(ER) given to me, I tell everyone among you not to think of himself more highly than he should think.^(ES) Instead, think sensibly, as God has distributed a measure of faith^(ET) to each one. ⁴ Now as we have many parts in one body,^(EU) and all the parts do not have the same function, ⁵ in the same way we who are many^(EV) are one body in Christ^(EW) and individually members of one another. ⁶ According to the grace given to us, we have different gifts:^(EX) If prophecy,^(EY) use it according to the proportion of one’s^[bb] faith; ⁷ if service,^(EZ) use it in service; if teaching,^(FA) in teaching; ⁸ if exhorting,^(FB) in exhortation; giving, with generosity;^(FC) leading,^(FD) with diligence; showing mercy, with cheerfulness.^(FE)

Christian Ethics

⁹ Let love be without hypocrisy.^(FF) Detest evil;^(FG) cling to what is good. ¹⁰ Love one another deeply as brothers and sisters.^(FH) Take the lead in honoring one another.^{(FI) 11} Do not lack diligence in zeal; be fervent in the Spirit;^[bc](FJ) serve the Lord.^{(FK) 12} Rejoice in hope;^(FL) be patient in affliction;^(FM) be persistent in prayer.^{(FN) 13} Share with the saints in their needs;^(FO) pursue hospitality.^{(FP) 14} Bless those who persecute you;^(FQ) bless and do not curse. ¹⁵ Rejoice with those who rejoice;^(FR) weep with those who weep. ¹⁶ Live in harmony with one another.^(FS) Do not be proud;^(FT) instead, associate with the humble. Do not be wise in your own estimation.^{(FU) 17} Do not repay anyone evil for evil.^(FV) Give careful thought to do what is honorable^(FW) in everyone’s eyes. ¹⁸ If possible, as far as it depends on you, live at peace with everyone.^{(FX) 19} Friends, do not avenge yourselves; instead, leave room for God’s wrath, because it is written, Vengeance belongs to me; I will repay,^[bd](FY) says the Lord. ²⁰ But

²¹ Do not be conquered by evil, but conquer evil with good.

A Christian’s Duties to the State

13 Let everyone submit to the governing authorities,^(GB) since there is no authority except from God,^(GC) and the authorities that exist are instituted by God. ² So then, the one who resists the authority is opposing God’s command, and those who oppose it will bring judgment on themselves. ³ For rulers are not a terror^(GD) to good conduct, but to bad. Do you want to be unafraid of the one in authority? Do what is good, and you will have its approval. ⁴ For it is God’s servant for your good. But if you do wrong, be afraid, because it does not carry the sword for no reason. For it is God’s servant, an avenger^(GE) that brings wrath on the one who does wrong. ⁵ Therefore, you must submit, not only because of wrath but also because of your conscience.^{(GF) 6} And for this reason you pay taxes, since the authorities are God’s servants, continually attending to these tasks.^{[bf] 7} Pay your obligations^(GG) to everyone: taxes to those you owe taxes,^(GH) tolls to those you owe tolls, respect to those you owe respect,^(GI) and honor to those you owe honor.

Love, Our Primary Duty

⁸ Do not owe anyone anything, except to love one another, for the one who loves another has fulfilled the law.^{(GJ) 9} The commandments, Do not commit adultery; do not murder; do not steal;^[bg] do not covet;^[bh](GK) and any other commandment, are summed up by this commandment: Love your neighbor as yourself.^{[bi](GL) 10} Love does no wrong to a neighbor. Love, therefore, is the fulfillment of the law.

Put On Christ

¹¹ Besides this, since you know the time, it is already the hour^(GM) for you^[bj] to wake up from sleep,^(GN) because now our salvation is nearer than when we first believed.^{(GO) 12} The night is nearly over, and the day is near;^(GP) so let us discard the deeds of darkness^(GQ) and put on the armor of light.^{(GR) 13} Let us walk with decency,^(GS) as in the daytime: not in carousing and drunkenness;^(GT) not in sexual impurity and promiscuity; not in quarreling and jealousy. ¹⁴ But put on the Lord Jesus Christ,^(GU) and make no provision for the flesh to gratify its desires.^(GV)

The Law of Liberty

14 Welcome^(GW) anyone who is weak in faith,^(GX) but don’t argue about disputed matters. ² One person believes he may eat anything,^(GY) while one who is weak eats only vegetables. ³ One who eats must not look down on one who does not eat,^(GZ) and one who does not eat must not judge one who does,^(HA) because God has accepted him.^{(HB) 4} Who are you to judge^(HC) another’s household servant? Before his own Lord he stands or falls. And he will stand, because the Lord is able^[bk] to make him stand.

⁵ One person judges one day to be more important than another day.^(HD) Someone else judges every day to be the same. Let each one be fully convinced in his own mind.^{(HE) 6} Whoever observes the day, observes it for the honor of the Lord.^[bl] Whoever eats, eats for the Lord, since he gives thanks to God;^(HF) and whoever does not eat, it is for the Lord that he does not eat it, and he gives thanks to God. ⁷ For none of us lives for himself, and no one dies for himself.^{(HG) 8} If we live, we live for the Lord; and if we die, we die for the Lord. Therefore, whether we live or die, we belong to the Lord.^{(HH) 9} Christ died and returned to life^(HI) for this: that he might be Lord over both the dead and the living.^{(HJ) 10} But you, why do you judge your brother or sister? Or you, why do you despise your brother or sister? For we will all stand before the judgment seat of God.^{[bm](HK) 11} For it is written,

¹² So then, each of us will give an account of himself to God.^(HN)

The Law of Love

¹³ Therefore, let us no longer judge one another.^(HO) Instead decide never to put a stumbling block or pitfall in the way of your brother or sister.^{(HP) 14} I know and am persuaded in the Lord Jesus that nothing is unclean in itself.^(HQ) Still, to someone who considers a thing to be unclean, to that one it is unclean.^{(HR) 15} For if your brother or sister is hurt by what you eat, you are no longer walking according to love.^(HS) Do not destroy, by what you eat, someone for whom Christ died.^{(HT) 16} Therefore, do not let your good be slandered,^{(HU) 17} for the kingdom of God is not eating and drinking,^(HV) but righteousness, peace, and joy^(HW) in the Holy Spirit. ¹⁸ Whoever serves Christ^(HX) in this way is acceptable to God and receives human approval.^(HY)

¹⁹ So then, let us pursue what promotes peace^(HZ) and what builds up one another.^{(IA) 20} Do not tear down God’s work because of food. Everything is clean, but it is wrong to make someone fall by what he eats.^{(IB) 21} It is a good thing not to eat meat, or drink wine, or do anything that makes your brother or sister stumble.^{[bo] 22} Whatever you believe about these things, keep between yourself and God. Blessed is the one who does not condemn himself by what he approves.^{(IC) 23} But whoever doubts stands condemned if he eats,^(ID) because his eating is not from faith,^[bp] and everything that is not from faith is sin.

Pleasing Others, Not Ourselves

15 Now we who are strong have an obligation to bear the weaknesses of those without strength,^(IE) and not to please ourselves. ² Each one of us is to please his neighbor for his good, to build him up.^{(IF) 3} For even Christ did not please himself.^(IG) On the contrary, as it is written, The insults of those who insult you have fallen on me.^{[bq](IH) 4} For whatever was written in the past was written for our instruction,^(II) so that we may have hope through endurance and through the encouragement from the Scriptures. ⁵ Now may the God who gives^[br] endurance and encouragement^(IJ) grant you to live in harmony with one another,^(IK) according to Christ Jesus, ⁶ so that you may glorify the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ^(IL) with one mind and one voice.

Glorifying God Together

⁷ Therefore welcome one another,^(IM) just as^[bs] Christ also welcomed you, to the glory of God. ⁸ For I say that Christ became a servant of the circumcised^[bt] on behalf of God’s truth,^(IN) to confirm the promises to the fathers,^{(IO) 9} and so that Gentiles^(IP) may glorify God for his mercy.^(IQ) As it is written,

¹⁰ Again it says, Rejoice, you Gentiles, with his people!^{[bv](IS) 11} And again,

¹² And again, Isaiah says,

¹³ Now may the God of hope fill you with all joy and peace as you believe^(IW) so that you may overflow with hope by the power of the Holy Spirit.^(IX)

From Jerusalem to Illyricum

¹⁴ My brothers and sisters, I myself am convinced about you that you also are full of goodness,^(IY) filled with all knowledge,^(IZ) and able to instruct one another. ¹⁵ Nevertheless, I have written to remind you more boldly on some points^[by] because of the grace given me by God^{(JA) 16} to be a minister of Christ Jesus to the Gentiles,^(JB) serving as a priest of the gospel of God.^(JC) God’s purpose is that the Gentiles may be an acceptable offering,^(JD) sanctified by the Holy Spirit. ¹⁷ Therefore I have reason to boast in Christ Jesus^(JE) regarding what pertains to God.^{(JF) 18} For I would not dare say anything except what Christ has accomplished through me^(JG) by word and deed for the obedience of the Gentiles, ¹⁹ by the power of miraculous signs and wonders,^(JH) and by the power of God’s Spirit. As a result, I have fully proclaimed the gospel of Christ from Jerusalem^(JI) all the way around to Illyricum.^{[bz](JJ) 20} My aim is to preach the gospel where Christ has not been named,^(JK) so that I will not build on someone else’s foundation,^{(JL) 21} but, as it is written,

Paul’s Travel Plans

²² That is why I have been prevented many times from coming to you.^{(JN) 23} But now I no longer have any work to do in these regions,^[cb] and I have strongly desired for many years to come to you^{(JO) 24} whenever I travel to Spain.^[cc] For I hope to see you when I pass through and to be assisted by you for my journey there,^(JP) once I have first enjoyed your company^(JQ) for a while. ²⁵ Right now I am traveling to Jerusalem^(JR) to serve the saints,^{(JS) 26} because Macedonia^(JT) and Achaia^(JU) were pleased to make a contribution for the poor among the saints in Jerusalem. ²⁷ Yes, they were pleased, and indeed are indebted to them. For if the Gentiles have shared in their spiritual benefits,^(JV) then they are obligated to minister to them in material needs. ²⁸ So when I have finished this and safely delivered the funds^[cd] to them,^[ce](JW) I will visit you on the way to Spain. ²⁹ I know that when I come to you, I will come in the fullness of the blessing^[cf] of Christ.

³⁰ Now I appeal to you, brothers and sisters, through our Lord Jesus Christ and through the love of the Spirit,^(JX) to strive together with me in prayers to God on my behalf.^{(JY) 31} Pray that I may be rescued from the unbelievers in Judea,^(JZ) that my ministry to^[cg] Jerusalem^(KA) may be acceptable to the saints,^{(KB) 32} and that, by God’s will,^(KC) I may come to you with joy^(KD) and be refreshed together with you.

³³ May the God of peace be with all of you.^(KE) Amen.

Paul’s Commendation of Phoebe

16 I commend to you^(KF) our sister Phoebe, who is a servant^[ch] of the church in Cenchreae.^{(KG) 2} So you should welcome her in the Lord^(KH) in a manner worthy of the saints and assist her in whatever matter she may require your help. For indeed she has been a benefactor of many—and of me also.

Greeting to Roman Christians

³ Give my greetings to Prisca^[ci] and Aquila,^(KI) my coworkers in^(KJ) Christ Jesus,^{(KK) 4} who risked their own necks for my life. Not only do I thank them, but so do all the Gentile churches. ⁵ Greet also the church that meets in their home.^(KL) Greet my dear friend Epaenetus, who is the first convert^[cj](KM) to Christ from Asia.^{[ck](KN) 6} Greet Mary,^[cl] who has worked very hard for you.^{[cm] 7} Greet Andronicus and Junia, my fellow Jews^[cn](KO) and fellow prisoners.^(KP) They are noteworthy in the eyes of the apostles,^[co] and they were also in Christ before me. ⁸ Greet Ampliatus, my dear friend in the Lord. ⁹ Greet Urbanus, our coworker in Christ, and my dear friend Stachys. ¹⁰ Greet Apelles, who is approved in Christ. Greet those who belong to the household of Aristobulus.^{(KQ) 11} Greet Herodion, my fellow Jew.^[cp] Greet those who belong to the household of Narcissus who are in the Lord. ¹² Greet Tryphaena and Tryphosa, who have worked hard in the Lord. Greet my dear friend Persis, who has worked very hard in the Lord. ¹³ Greet Rufus,^(KR) chosen in the Lord; also his mother—and mine. ¹⁴ Greet Asyncritus, Phlegon, Hermes, Patrobas, Hermas, and the brothers and sisters who are with them. ¹⁵ Greet Philologus and Julia, Nereus and his sister, and Olympas, and all the saints who are with them.^{(KS) 16} Greet one another with a holy kiss.^(KT) All the churches of Christ send you greetings.

Warning against Divisive People

¹⁷ Now I urge you, brothers and sisters, to watch out for those who create divisions and obstacles contrary to the teaching that you learned.^(KU) Avoid them,^{(KV) 18} because such people do not serve our Lord Christ^(KW) but their own appetites.^[cq](KX) They deceive the hearts of the unsuspecting with smooth talk and flattering words.^(KY)

Paul’s Gracious Conclusion

¹⁹ The report of your obedience has reached everyone.^(KZ) Therefore I rejoice over you, but I want you to be wise about what is good, and yet innocent about what is evil.^{(LA) 20} The God of peace^(LB) will soon crush Satan^(LC) under your feet. The grace of our Lord Jesus be with you.^(LD)

²¹ Timothy,^(LE) my coworker, and Lucius,^(LF) Jason,^(LG) and Sosipater,^(LH) my fellow countrymen, greet you.

²² I, Tertius, who wrote this letter,^(LI) greet you in the Lord.^[cr]

²³ Gaius,^(LJ) who is host to me and to the whole church, greets you. Erastus,^(LK) the city treasurer, and our brother Quartus greet you.^[cs]

Glory to God

²⁵ Now to him who is able to strengthen you^(LL) according to my gospel and the proclamation about Jesus Christ,^(LM) according to the revelation of the mystery kept silent^(LN) for long ages^{(LO) 26} but now revealed and made known through the prophetic Scriptures,^(LP) according to the command of the eternal God to advance the obedience of faith^(LQ) among all the Gentiles— ²⁷ to the only wise God, through Jesus Christ—to him be the glory forever!^[ct](LR) Amen.