Rô-ma 9
Bản Dịch 2011
NGƯỜI DO-THÁI TRONG CHƯƠNG TRÌNH CỨU RỖI CỦA ÐỨC CHÚA TRỜI
(9:1 - 11:36)
Tâm Tình của Phao-lô Ðối Với Người Do-thái
9 Tôi nói thật trong Ðấng Christ, tôi không nói dối, lương tâm tôi làm chứng cho tôi trong Ðức Thánh Linh 2 rằng lòng tôi rất buồn và đau đớn không nguôi. 3 Tôi ước gì chính tôi chịu sự nguyền rủa, bị tách rời khỏi Ðấng Christ thay cho anh chị em tôi theo phần xác, tức đồng bào tôi, 4 dân I-sơ-ra-ên, những người đã được nhận làm con nuôi, được ban cho vinh hiển, được các giao ước, được nhận Luật Pháp, được đảm trách việc thờ phượng, và được các lời hứa. 5 Họ là con cháu của các tổ phụ, và từ họ Ðấng Christ đã sinh ra theo phần xác. Ngài là Ðấng ở trên mọi sự, là Ðức Chúa Trời được chúc tụng đời đời.[a] A-men.
Quyền Tể Trị Tuyệt Ðối của Ðức Chúa Trời Tỏ Ra Qua Các Quyết Ðịnh của Ngài
6 Nói như thế không có nghĩa là lời Ðức Chúa Trời đã thất bại. Vì không phải mọi người Do-thái đều là người Do-thái thật; 7 không phải tất cả con cháu Áp-ra-ham đều thật sự là con cháu Áp-ra-ham, nhưng
“Chỉ dòng dõi của I-sác mới là dòng dõi mang danh ngươi.”
8 Ðiều ấy có nghĩa là không phải con cái theo phần xác đương nhiên là con cái của Ðức Chúa Trời, nhưng con cái của lời hứa mới được kể là hậu duệ chính tông. 9 Lời hứa ấy như thể này,
“Vào khoảng này, Ta sẽ trở lại và Sa-ra sẽ có một con trai.”
10 Không những thế thôi, khi Rê-bê-ca do một người là I-sác, tổ phụ chúng ta, có thai đôi cũng vậy. 11 Trước khi hai đứa trẻ chào đời, khi chúng chưa làm một điều thiện hay điều ác nào, thì để giữ vững ý định của Ðức Chúa Trời trong sự lựa chọn, không căn cứ vào việc làm của họ, nhưng căn cứ vào quyền lựa chọn của Ðấng Kêu Gọi, 12 bà đã được bảo,
“Ðứa lớn sẽ làm tôi đứa nhỏ.”
13 Như có chép rằng,
“Ta thương Gia-cốp nhưng ghét Ê-sau.”
14 Vậy chúng ta sẽ nói thể nào đây? Có phải Ðức Chúa Trời bất công chăng?
Chẳng hề như vậy! 15 Vì Ngài đã phán với Môi-se rằng,
“Ta sẽ nhân từ với ai Ta muốn nhân từ; Ta sẽ thương xót ai Ta muốn thương xót.”[b]
16 Như vậy người ta được chọn không do mình muốn hoặc do người nào bôn ba chạy chọt mà được, nhưng do ơn thương xót của Ðức Chúa Trời, 17 vì lời Kinh Thánh đã phán với Pha-ra-ôn rằng,
“Ta đã lập ngươi lên cốt để ngươi làm đối tượng cho Ta bày tỏ quyền năng của Ta, hầu danh Ta được truyền rao khắp đất.”
18 Như vậy Ngài muốn thương xót ai Ngài thương xót, và Ngài muốn để ai cứng lòng Ngài để.
Chúa Giận Rồi Lại Thương
19 Thế thì bạn sẽ nói với tôi, “Nếu vậy sao Ngài còn bắt lỗi? Vì ai có thể cưỡng lại ý Ngài được?”
20 Hỡi người kia, bạn là ai mà dám cãi lại Ðức Chúa Trời? Có thể nào một món đồ gốm nói với người đã nặn nên nó rằng, “Tại sao ông nặn nên tôi như thế này?” 21 Chẳng phải người thợ gốm có quyền tạo ra các vật dụng từ một đống đất sét, cái để dùng vào việc sang trọng và cái để dùng vào việc tầm thường sao? 22 Nếu Ðức Chúa Trời muốn bày tỏ cơn thịnh nộ của Ngài và biểu dương quyền năng của Ngài nên đã nhẫn nhục chịu đựng những món đồ gốm đáng chuốc cơn thịnh nộ, được chuẩn bị sẵn cho sự hủy diệt, 23 hoặc để bày tỏ sự phong phú của vinh hiển Ngài đối với những món đồ gốm được thương xót và được Ngài chuẩn bị sẵn cho sự vinh hiển, 24 trong đó có chúng ta, những người Ngài đã gọi, không những chỉ từ dân Do-thái nhưng cũng từ các dân ngoại, thì sao? 25 Như Ngài đã phán trong sách Ô-sê rằng,
“Ta sẽ gọi những kẻ không phải dân Ta là ‘dân Ta,’
Ta sẽ gọi kẻ không được yêu thương là ‘người Ta yêu quý.’
26 Và chính tại nơi họ bị bảo,
‘Các ngươi không phải là dân Ta,’
Họ sẽ được gọi là
‘Con cái của Ðức Chúa Trời hằng sống.’”
27 Tiên Tri Ê-sai đã kêu lên về dân I-sơ-ra-ên rằng,
“Dù dân số của con cái I-sơ-ra-ên đông như cát nơi bờ biển, thì cũng chỉ những người còn sót lại mới được hưởng ơn cứu rỗi mà thôi, 28 vì Chúa sẽ thi hành án phạt của Ngài trên đất cách nhanh chóng và dứt khoát.”
29 Và như Ê-sai đã nói trước,
“Nếu Chúa các đạo quân không chừa lại cho chúng ta những người nối dõi, thì chúng ta đã trở nên như Sô-đôm và đã như Gô-mô-ra rồi.”
Tảng Ðá Vấp Ngã
30 Vậy chúng ta sẽ nói làm sao? Các dân ngoại không gắng sức tìm kiếm sự công chính nhưng lại được xưng công chính, một sự công chính có được nhờ đức tin, 31 còn dân I-sơ-ra-ên đã gắng sức làm theo Luật Pháp để được xưng công chính nhưng lại không được xưng công chính, vì họ đã không làm trọn Luật Pháp.
32 Tại sao? Tại vì họ không cậy đức tin mà tìm, nhưng cậy vào việc làm. Họ đã vấp phải tảng đá vấp chân, 33 như có chép rằng,
“Này, Ta để tại Si-ôn một tảng đá vấp chân, một tảng đá gây cho vấp ngã,
Nhưng ai tin Người sẽ không bị hổ thẹn.”
Footnotes
- Rô-ma 9:5 ctd: Ngài là Ðức Chúa Trời ở trên mọi sự, Ðấng được chúc tụng đời đời, hoặc Nguyện Ðức Chúa Trời là Ðấng ở trên mọi sự được chúc tụng đến đời đời.
- Rô-ma 9:15 Xuất 33: 19
Romains 9
Louis Segond
9 Je dis la vérité en Christ, je ne mens point, ma conscience m'en rend témoignage par le Saint Esprit:
2 J'éprouve une grande tristesse, et j'ai dans le coeur un chagrin continuel.
3 Car je voudrais moi-même être anathème et séparé de Christ pour mes frères, mes parents selon la chair,
4 qui sont Israélites, à qui appartiennent l'adoption, et la gloire, et les alliances, et la loi, et le culte,
5 et les promesses, et les patriarches, et de qui est issu, selon la chair, le Christ, qui est au-dessus de toutes choses, Dieu béni éternellement. Amen!
6 Ce n'est point à dire que la parole de Dieu soit restée sans effet. Car tous ceux qui descendent d'Israël ne sont pas Israël,
7 et, pour être la postérité d'Abraham, ils ne sont pas tous ses enfants; mais il est dit: En Isaac sera nommée pour toi une postérité,
8 c'est-à-dire que ce ne sont pas les enfants de la chair qui sont enfants de Dieu, mais que ce sont les enfants de la promesse qui sont regardés comme la postérité.
9 Voici, en effet, la parole de la promesse: Je reviendrai à cette même époque, et Sara aura un fils.
10 Et, de plus, il en fut ainsi de Rébecca, qui conçut du seul Isaac notre père;
11 car, quoique les enfants ne fussent pas encore nés et ils n'eussent fait ni bien ni mal, -afin que le dessein d'élection de Dieu subsistât, sans dépendre des oeuvres, et par la seule volonté de celui qui appelle, -
12 il fut dit à Rébecca: L'aîné sera assujetti au plus jeune; selon qu'il est écrit:
13 J'ai aimé Jacob Et j'ai haï Ésaü.
14 Que dirons-nous donc? Y a-t-il en Dieu de l'injustice? Loin de là!
15 Car il dit à Moïse: Je ferai miséricorde à qui je fais miséricorde, et j'aurai compassion de qui j'ai compassion.
16 Ainsi donc, cela ne dépend ni de celui qui veut, ni de celui qui court, mais de Dieu qui fait miséricorde.
17 Car l'Écriture dit à Pharaon: Je t'ai suscité à dessein pour montrer en toi ma puissance, et afin que mon nom soit publié par toute la terre.
18 Ainsi, il fait miséricorde à qui il veut, et il endurcit qui il veut.
19 Tu me diras: Pourquoi blâme-t-il encore? Car qui est-ce qui résiste à sa volonté?
20 O homme, toi plutôt, qui es-tu pour contester avec Dieu? Le vase d'argile dira-t-il à celui qui l'a formé: Pourquoi m'as-tu fait ainsi?
21 Le potier n'est-il pas maître de l'argile, pour faire avec la même masse un vase d'honneur et un vase d'un usage vil?
22 Et que dire, si Dieu, voulant montrer sa colère et faire connaître sa puissance, a supporté avec une grande patience des vases de colère formés pour la perdition,
23 et s'il a voulu faire connaître la richesse de sa gloire envers des vases de miséricorde qu'il a d'avance préparés pour la gloire?
24 Ainsi nous a-t-il appelés, non seulement d'entre les Juifs, mais encore d'entre les païens,
25 selon qu'il le dit dans Osée: J'appellerai mon peuple celui qui n'était pas mon peuple, et bien-aimée celle qui n'était pas la bien-aimée;
26 et là où on leur disait: Vous n'êtes pas mon peuple! ils seront appelés fils du Dieu vivant.
27 Ésaïe, de son côté, s'écrie au sujet d'Israël: Quand le nombre des fils d'Israël serait comme le sable de la mer, Un reste seulement sera sauvé.
28 Car le Seigneur exécutera pleinement et promptement sur la terre ce qu'il a résolu.
29 Et, comme Ésaïe l'avait dit auparavant: Si le Seigneur des armées Ne nous eût laissé une postérité, Nous serions devenus comme Sodome, Nous aurions été semblables à Gomorrhe.
30 Que dirons-nous donc? Les païens, qui ne cherchaient pas la justice, ont obtenu la justice, la justice qui vient de la foi,
31 tandis qu'Israël, qui cherchait une loi de justice, n'est pas parvenu à cette loi.
32 Pourquoi? Parce qu'Israël l'a cherchée, non par la foi, mais comme provenant des oeuvres. Ils se sont heurtés contre la pierre d'achoppement,
33 selon qu'il est écrit: Voici, je mets en Sion une pierre d'achoppement Et un rocher de scandale, Et celui qui croit en lui ne sera point confus.
Romans 9
New English Translation
Israel’s Rejection Considered
9 [a] I am telling the truth in Christ (I am not lying!), for my conscience assures me[b] in the Holy Spirit— 2 I have great sorrow and unceasing anguish in my heart.[c] 3 For I could wish[d] that I myself were accursed—cut off from Christ—for the sake of my people,[e] my fellow countrymen,[f] 4 who are Israelites. To them belong[g] the adoption as sons,[h] the glory, the covenants, the giving of the law, the temple worship,[i] and the promises. 5 To them belong the patriarchs,[j] and from them,[k] by human descent,[l] came the Christ,[m] who is God over all, blessed forever![n] Amen.
6 It is not as though the word of God had failed. For not all those who are descended from Israel are truly Israel,[o] 7 nor are all the children Abraham’s true descendants; rather “through Isaac will your descendants be counted.”[p] 8 This means[q] it is not the children of the flesh[r] who are the children of God; rather, the children of promise are counted as descendants. 9 For this is what the promise declared:[s] “About a year from now[t] I will return and Sarah will have a son.”[u] 10 Not only that, but when Rebekah had conceived children by one man,[v] our ancestor Isaac— 11 even before they were born or had done anything good or bad (so that God’s purpose in election[w] would stand, not by works but by[x] his calling)[y]— 12 [z] it was said to her, “The older will serve the younger,”[aa] 13 just as it is written: “Jacob I loved, but Esau I hated.”[ab]
14 What shall we say then? Is there injustice with God? Absolutely not! 15 For he says to Moses: “I will have mercy on whom I have mercy, and I will have compassion on whom I have compassion.”[ac] 16 So then,[ad] it does not depend on human desire or exertion,[ae] but on God who shows mercy. 17 For the scripture says to Pharaoh:[af] “For this very purpose I have raised you up, that I may demonstrate my power in you, and that my name may be proclaimed in all the earth.”[ag] 18 So then,[ah] God[ai] has mercy on whom he chooses to have mercy, and he hardens whom he chooses to harden.[aj]
19 You will say to me then, “Why does he still find fault? For who has ever resisted his will?” 20 But who indeed are you—a mere human being[ak]—to talk back to God?[al] Does what is molded say to the molder, “Why have you made me like this?”[am] 21 Has the potter no right to make from the same lump of clay[an] one vessel for special use and another for ordinary use?[ao] 22 But what if God, willing to demonstrate his wrath and to make known his power, has endured with much patience the objects[ap] of wrath[aq] prepared for destruction?[ar] 23 And what if he is willing to make known the wealth of his glory on the objects[as] of mercy that he has prepared beforehand for glory— 24 even us, whom he has called, not only from the Jews but also from the Gentiles? 25 As he also says in Hosea:
“I will call those who were not my people, ‘My people,’ and I will call her who was unloved,[at] ‘My beloved.’”[au]
26 “And in the very place[av] where it was said to them, ‘You are not my people,’
there they will be called ‘sons of the living God.’”[aw]
27 And Isaiah cries out on behalf of Israel, “Though the number of the children[ax] of Israel are as the sand of the sea, only the remnant will be saved, 28 for the Lord will execute his sentence on the earth completely and quickly.”[ay] 29 Just[az] as Isaiah predicted,
“If the Lord of Heaven’s Armies[ba] had not left us descendants,
we would have become like Sodom,
and we would have resembled Gomorrah.”[bb]
Israel’s Rejection Culpable
30 What shall we say then?—that the Gentiles who did not pursue righteousness obtained it, that is, a righteousness that is by faith, 31 but Israel even though pursuing[bc] a law of righteousness[bd] did not attain it.[be] 32 Why not? Because they pursued[bf] it not by faith but (as if it were possible) by works.[bg] They stumbled over the stumbling stone,[bh] 33 just as it is written,
“Look, I am laying in Zion a stone that will cause people to stumble
and a rock that will make them fall,[bi]
yet the one who believes in him will not be put to shame.”[bj]
Footnotes
- Romans 9:1 sn Rom 9:1-11:36. These three chapters are among the most difficult and disputed in Paul’s Letter to the Romans. One area of difficulty is the relationship between Israel and the church, especially concerning the nature and extent of Israel’s election. Many different models have been constructed to express this relationship. For a representative survey, see M. Barth, The People of God (JSNTSup), 22-27. The literary genre of these three chapters has been frequently identified as a diatribe, a philosophical discussion or conversation evolved by the Cynic and Stoic schools of philosophy as a means of popularizing their ideas (E. Käsemann, Romans, 261 and 267). But other recent scholars have challenged the idea that Rom 9-11 is characterized by diatribe. Scholars like R. Scroggs and E. E. Ellis have instead identified the material in question as midrash. For a summary and discussion of the rabbinic connections, see W. R. Stegner, “Romans 9.6-29—A Midrash,” JSNT 22 (1984): 37-52.
- Romans 9:1 tn Or “my conscience bears witness to me.”
- Romans 9:2 tn Grk “my sorrow is great and the anguish in my heart is unceasing.”
- Romans 9:3 tn Or “For I would pray.” The implied condition is “if this could save my fellow Jews.”
- Romans 9:3 tn Grk “brothers.” See BDAG 18-19 s.v. ἀδελφός 2.b.
- Romans 9:3 tn Grk “my kinsmen according to the flesh.”
- Romans 9:4 tn Grk “of whom.” Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation.
- Romans 9:4 tn The Greek term υἱοθεσία (huiothesia) was originally a legal technical term for adoption as a son with full rights of inheritance. BDAG 1024 s.v. notes, “a legal t.t. of ‘adoption’ of children, in our lit., i.e., in Paul, only in a transferred sense of a transcendent filial relationship between God and humans (with the legal aspect, not gender specificity, as major semantic component).” Although some modern translations remove the filial sense completely and render the term merely “adoption” (cf. NAB, ESV), the retention of this component of meaning was accomplished in the present translation by the phrase “as sons.”
- Romans 9:4 tn Or “cultic service.”
- Romans 9:5 tn Grk “of whom are the fathers.” Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation.
- Romans 9:5 tn Grk “from whom.” Here the relative pronoun has been replaced by a personal pronoun.
- Romans 9:5 tn Grk “according to the flesh.”
- Romans 9:5 tn Or “Messiah.” (Both Greek “Christ” and Hebrew and Aramaic “Messiah” mean “one who has been anointed.”)
- Romans 9:5 tn Or “the Christ, who is over all, God blessed forever,” or “the Messiah. God who is over all be blessed forever!” or “the Messiah who is over all. God be blessed forever!” The translational difficulty here is not text-critical in nature, but is a problem of punctuation. Since the genre of these opening verses of Romans 9 is a lament, it is probably best to take this as an affirmation of Christ’s deity (as the text renders it). Although the other renderings are possible, to see a note of praise to God at the end of this section seems strangely out of place. But for Paul to bring his lament to a crescendo (that is to say, his kinsmen had rejected God come in the flesh), thereby deepening his anguish, is wholly appropriate. This is also supported grammatically and stylistically: The phrase ὁ ὢν (ho ōn, “the one who is”) is most naturally taken as a phrase which modifies something in the preceding context, and Paul’s doxologies are always closely tied to the preceding context. For a detailed examination of this verse, see B. M. Metzger, “The Punctuation of Rom. 9:5, ” Christ and the Spirit in the New Testament, 95-112; and M. J. Harris, Jesus as God, 144-72.
- Romans 9:6 tn Grk “For not all those who are from Israel are Israel.”
- Romans 9:7 tn Grk “be called.” The emphasis here is upon God’s divine sovereignty in choosing Isaac as the child through whom Abraham’s lineage would be counted as opposed to Ishmael.sn A quotation from Gen 21:12.
- Romans 9:8 tn Grk “That is,” or “That is to say.”
- Romans 9:8 tn Because it forms the counterpoint to “the children of promise” the expression “children of the flesh” has been retained in the translation.sn The expression the children of the flesh refers to the natural offspring.
- Romans 9:9 tn Grk “For this is the word of promise.”
- Romans 9:9 tn Grk “About this time I will return.” Since this refers to the time when the promised child would be born, it would be approximately a year later.
- Romans 9:9 sn A quotation from Gen 18:10, 14.
- Romans 9:10 tn Or possibly “by one act of sexual intercourse.” See D. Moo, Romans (NICNT), 579.
- Romans 9:11 tn Grk “God’s purpose according to election.”
- Romans 9:11 tn Or “not based on works but based on…”
- Romans 9:11 tn Grk “by the one who calls.” sn The entire clause is something of a parenthetical remark.
- Romans 9:12 sn Many translations place this verse division before the phrase “not by works but by his calling” (NA28/UBS5, NIV, NRSV, NLT, NAB). Other translations place this verse division in the same place that the translation above does (NASB, KJV, NKJV, ASV, RSV). The translation has followed the latter to avoid breaking the parenthetical statement.
- Romans 9:12 sn A quotation from Gen 25:23.
- Romans 9:13 sn A quotation from Mal 1:2-3.
- Romans 9:15 sn A quotation from Exod 33:19.
- Romans 9:16 sn There is a double connective here that cannot be easily preserved in English: “consequently therefore,” emphasizing the conclusion of what he has been arguing.
- Romans 9:16 tn Grk “So then, [it does] not [depend] on the one who desires nor on the one who runs.”
- Romans 9:17 sn Paul uses a typical rabbinic formula here in which the OT scriptures are figuratively portrayed as speaking to Pharaoh. What he means is that the scripture he cites refers (or can be applied) to Pharaoh.
- Romans 9:17 sn A quotation from Exod 9:16.
- Romans 9:18 sn There is a double connective here that cannot be easily preserved in English: “consequently therefore,” emphasizing the conclusion of what he has been arguing.
- Romans 9:18 tn Grk “he”; the referent (God) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
- Romans 9:18 tn Grk “So then, he has mercy on whom he desires, and he hardens whom he desires.”
- Romans 9:20 tn Grk “O man.”
- Romans 9:20 tn Grk “On the contrary, O man, who are you to talk back to God?”
- Romans 9:20 sn A quotation from Isa 29:16; 45:9.
- Romans 9:21 tn Grk “Or does not the potter have authority over the clay to make from the same lump.”
- Romans 9:21 tn Grk “one vessel for honor and another for dishonor.”
- Romans 9:22 tn Grk “vessels.” This is the same Greek word used in v. 21.
- Romans 9:22 tn Or “vessels destined for wrath.” The genitive ὀργῆς (orgēs) could be taken as a genitive of destination.
- Romans 9:22 tn Or possibly “objects of wrath that have fit themselves for destruction.” The form of the participle could be taken either as a passive or middle (reflexive). ExSyn 417-18 argues strongly for the passive sense (which is followed in the translation), stating that “the middle view has little to commend it.” First, καταρτίζω (katartizō) is nowhere else used in the NT as a direct or reflexive middle (a usage which, in any event, is quite rare in the NT). Second, the lexical force of this verb, coupled with the perfect tense, suggests something of a “done deal” (against some commentaries that see these vessels as ready for destruction yet still able to avert disaster). Third, the potter-clay motif seems to have one point: The potter prepares the clay.
- Romans 9:23 tn Grk “vessels.” This is the same Greek word used in v. 21.
- Romans 9:25 tn Grk “and her who was not beloved, ‘Beloved.’”
- Romans 9:25 sn A quotation from Hos 2:23.
- Romans 9:26 tn Grk “And it will be in the very place.”
- Romans 9:26 sn A quotation from Hos 1:10.
- Romans 9:27 tn Grk “sons.”
- Romans 9:28 tc In light of the interpretive difficulty of this verse, a longer reading seems to have been added to clarify the meaning. The addition, in the middle of the sentence, makes the whole verse read as follows: “For he will execute his sentence completely and quickly in righteousness, because the Lord will do it quickly on the earth.” The shorter reading is found largely in Alexandrian mss (P46 א* A B 6 1506 1739 1881 co), while the longer reading is found principally in Western and Byzantine mss (א2 D F G Ψ 33 1175 1241 1505 2464 M lat). The longer reading follows Isa 10:22-23 (LXX) verbatim, while Paul in the previous verse quoted the LXX loosely. This suggests the addition was made by a copyist trying to make sense out of a difficult passage rather than by the author himself. tn There is a wordplay in Greek (in both the LXX and here) on the phrase translated “completely and quickly” (συντελῶν καὶ συντέμνων, suntelōn kai suntemnōn). These participles are translated as adverbs for smoothness; a more literal (and more cumbersome) rendering would be: “The Lord will act by closing the account [or completing the sentence], and by cutting short the time.” The interpretation of this text is notoriously difficult. Cf. BDAG 975 s.v. συντέμνω.sn A modified quotation from Isa 10:22-23. Since it is not exact, it has been printed as italics only.
- Romans 9:29 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
- Romans 9:29 tn Traditionally, “Lord of Hosts”; or “Lord Sabaoth,” which means “Lord of the [heavenly] armies,” sometimes translated more generally as “Lord Almighty.”
- Romans 9:29 sn A quotation from Isa 1:9.
- Romans 9:31 tn Or “who pursued.” The participle could be taken adverbially or adjectivally.
- Romans 9:31 tn Or “a legal righteousness,” that is, a righteousness based on law. This translation would treat the genitive δικαιοσύνης (dikaiosunēs) as an attributed genitive (see ExSyn 89-91).
- Romans 9:31 tn Grk “has not attained unto the law.”
- Romans 9:32 tn Grk “Why? Because not by faith but as though by works.” The verb (“they pursued [it]”) is to be supplied from the preceding verse for the sake of English style; yet a certain literary power is seen in Paul’s laconic style.
- Romans 9:32 tc Most mss, especially the later ones (א2 D Ψ 33 1175 1241 1505 2464 M sy), read νόμου (nomou, “of the law”) here, echoing Paul’s usage in Rom 3:20, 28 and elsewhere. The qualifying phrase is lacking in א* A B F G 6 629 630 1739 1881 lat co. The longer reading thus is weaker externally and internally, apparently being motivated by a need to clarify.tn Grk “but as by works.”
- Romans 9:32 tn Grk “the stone of stumbling.”
- Romans 9:33 tn Grk “a stone of stumbling and a rock of offense.”
- Romans 9:33 sn A quotation from Isa 28:16; 8:14.
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