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The Conquered Kings East of the Jordan

12 The following are the kings of the land whom the people of Israel struck down and then took possession of their land, which was east of the Jordan toward the rising of the sun, from the Arnon Canyon to Mount Hermon, including all of the Arabah east of the Jordan.

The first was Sihon king of the Amorites, who lived in Heshbon. He ruled over the territory that extends from Aroer, which is on the edge of the Arnon Canyon, and from the middle of the canyon[a] all the way north to the Jabbok Canyon, which is the border of the Ammonites. This includes half of Gilead. He also ruled over the eastern part of the Arabah[b] from the Sea of Kinneret[c] south as far as the Sea of the Arabah, which is the Salt Sea,[d] and east in the direction of Beth Jeshimoth and south as far as the slopes of Pisgah.

The second area was the territory of Og king of Bashan, who was from a remnant of the Rephaim[e] and who lived in Ashtaroth and in Edrei. He was ruler in Mount Hermon, in Salekah, and in all Bashan up to the border of the Geshurites and the Ma’akathites,[f] and in half of Gilead as far south as the border of Sihon king of Heshbon.

Moses, the servant of the Lord, and the people of Israel struck them down. Moses, the servant of the Lord, gave this land east of the Jordan as a possession to the tribe of Reuben, to the tribe of Gad, and to the half tribe of Manasseh.

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Footnotes

  1. Joshua 12:2 The parallel passage in Joshua 13:9 reads from the city that is in the middle of the canyon.
  2. Joshua 12:3 That is, the deep valley which contains the Jordan River
  3. Joshua 12:3 That is, the Sea of Galilee
  4. Joshua 12:3 That is, the Dead Sea
  5. Joshua 12:4 Rephaim is the name of a group of people known for their great height. Og, as well as the strong warriors who fought David’s elite warriors (2 Samuel 21:16-20), were Rephaim. Goliath likely was also one of them. Their name seems to have come from a forefather named Rapha (2 Samuel 21:16). They seem to have been the earliest inhabitants of the land. By the time of the judges only a remnant of them was left. They were also known as Emim and Zamzummim.
  6. Joshua 12:5 The stop mark ′ indicates that the double a should be pronounced as two syllables, Ma-ak.

The Kings Conquered by Joshua

12 These are the kings of the land whom the Israelites[a] defeated, and of whose land they took possession beyond the Jordon to the east,[b] from the wadi[c] of Arnon up to Mount Hermon, and all the Arabah[d] to the east: Sihon king of the Amorites, who lived in Heshbon, and ruled from Aroer, which is on the edge of the wadi[e] of Arnon, from the middle of the valley and half of Gilead, up to the Jabbok River,[f] which marks the border of the Ammonites;[g] and the Arabah[h] up to the Kinnereth Sea[i] to the east, and as far as the sea of Arabah, the Salt Sea[j] to the east, in the direction of[k] Beth Jeshimoth, and to the area southward, at the foot of[l] the slopes of Pisgah;[m] the territory of Og king of Bashan, one of the last of the Rephaites, who lived at Ashtaroth and Edrei and ruled over Mount Hermon and Salecah and over all Bashan up to the border of the Geshurites[n] and the Maacathites,[o] and half of Gilead, as far as the border of Sihon king of Heshbon. Moses Yahweh’s servant and the Israelites[p] defeated them; and Moses Yahweh’s servant gave it as a possession to the Reubenites,[q] the Gadites,[r] and the half-tribe of Manasseh.

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Footnotes

  1. Joshua 12:1 Literally “sons/children of Israel”
  2. Joshua 12:1 Literally “to the rising of the sun”
  3. Joshua 12:1 A valley that is dry most of the year, but contains a stream during the rainy season
  4. Joshua 12:1 A dry region that runs south of the Sea of Galilee along the Jordan Valley
  5. Joshua 12:2 A valley that is dry most of the year, but contains a stream during the rainy season
  6. Joshua 12:2 Literally “Jabbok the wadi”
  7. Joshua 12:2 Literally “sons of Ammon” or “children of Ammon”
  8. Joshua 12:3 A dry region that runs south of the Sea of Galilee along the Jordan Valley
  9. Joshua 12:3 That is, the Sea of Galilee
  10. Joshua 12:3 That is, the Dead Sea
  11. Joshua 12:3 Literally “the way of”
  12. Joshua 12:3 Literally “under”
  13. Joshua 12:3 Or Ashdoth Pisgah
  14. Joshua 12:5 Hebrew “Geshurite”
  15. Joshua 12:5 Hebrew “Maacathite”
  16. Joshua 12:6 Literally “sons/children of Israel”
  17. Joshua 12:6 Hebrew “Reubenite”
  18. Joshua 12:6 Hebrew “Gadite”