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The Lord Commissions His Special Servant

42 [a] “Here is my servant whom I support,
my chosen one in whom I take pleasure.
I have placed my Spirit on him;
he will make just decrees[b] for the nations.[c]
He will not cry out or shout;
he will not publicize himself in the streets.[d]
A crushed reed he will not break,
a dim wick he will not extinguish;[e]
he will faithfully make just decrees.[f]
He will not grow dim or be crushed[g]
before establishing justice on the earth;
the coastlands[h] will wait in anticipation for his decrees.”[i]
This is what the true God,[j] the Lord, says—
the one who created the sky and stretched it out,
the one who fashioned the earth and everything that lives on it,[k]
the one who gives breath to the people on it,
and life to those who live on it:[l]
“I, the Lord, officially commission you;[m]
I take hold of your hand.
I protect you[n] and make you a covenant mediator for people,[o]
and a light[p] to the nations,[q]
to open blind eyes,[r]
to release prisoners[s] from dungeons,
those who live in darkness from prisons.

The Lord Intervenes

“I am the Lord! That is my name!
I will not share my glory with anyone else,
or the praise due me with idols.
Look, my earlier predictive oracles have come to pass;[t]
now I announce new events.
Before they begin to occur,
I reveal them to you.”[u]
10 Sing to the Lord a brand new song!

Praise him[v] from the horizon of the earth,
you who go down to the sea, and everything that lives in it,[w]
you coastlands[x] and those who live there.
11 Let the wilderness and its cities shout out,
the towns where the nomads of Kedar live.
Let the residents of Sela shout joyfully;
let them shout loudly from the mountaintops.
12 Let them give the Lord the honor he deserves;[y]
let them praise his deeds in the coastlands.[z]
13 The Lord emerges like a hero,
like a warrior he inspires himself for battle;[aa]
he shouts, yes, he yells,
he shows his enemies his power.[ab]
14 “I have been inactive[ac] for a long time;
I kept quiet and held back.
Like a woman in labor I groan;
I pant and gasp.[ad]
15 I will make the trees on the mountains and hills wither up;[ae]
I will dry up all their vegetation.
I will turn streams into islands,[af]
and dry up pools of water.[ag]
16 I will lead the blind along an unfamiliar way;[ah]
I will guide them down paths they have never traveled.[ai]
I will turn the darkness in front of them into light,
and level out the rough ground.[aj]
This is what I will do for them.
I will not abandon them.
17 Those who trust in idols
will turn back and be utterly humiliated,[ak]
those who say to metal images, ‘You are our gods.’

The Lord Reasons with His People

18 “Listen, you deaf ones!
Take notice,[al] you blind ones!
19 My servant is truly blind,
my messenger is truly deaf.
My covenant partner,[am] the servant of the Lord, is truly blind.[an]
20 You see[ao] many things, but don’t comprehend;[ap]
their ears are open, but do not hear.”
21 The Lord wanted to exhibit his justice
by magnifying his law and displaying it.[aq]
22 But these people are looted and plundered;
all of them are trapped in pits[ar]
and held captive[as] in prisons.
They were carried away as loot with no one to rescue them;
they were carried away as plunder, and no one says, “Bring that back!”[at]
23 Who among you will pay attention to this?
Who will listen attentively in the future?[au]
24 Who handed Jacob over to the robber?
Who handed Israel over to the looters?[av]
Was it not the Lord, against whom we sinned?
They refused to follow his commands;
they disobeyed his law.[aw]
25 So he poured out his fierce anger on them,[ax]
along with the devastation[ay] of war.
Its flames encircled them,[az] but they did not realize it;[ba]
it burned against them, but they did not take it to heart.[bb]

Footnotes

  1. Isaiah 42:1 sn Verses 1-7 contain the first of Isaiah’s “servant songs,” which describe the ministry of a special, ideal servant who accomplishes God’s purposes for Israel and the nations. This song depicts the servant as a just king who brings justice to the earth and relief for the oppressed. The other songs appear in 49:1-13; 50:4-11; and 52:13-53:12.
  2. Isaiah 42:1 tn Heb “he will bring out justice” (cf. ASV, NASB, NRSV).
  3. Isaiah 42:1 sn Like the ideal king portrayed in Isa 11:1-9, the servant is energized by the divine spirit and establishes justice on the earth.
  4. Isaiah 42:2 tn Heb “he will not cause his voice to be heard in the street.”
  5. Isaiah 42:3 sn The “crushed reed” and “dim wick” symbolize the weak and oppressed who are on the verge of extinction.
  6. Isaiah 42:3 tn Heb “faithfully he will bring out justice” (cf. NASB, NRSV).
  7. Isaiah 42:4 tn For rhetorical effect the terms used to describe the “crushed (רָצַץ, ratsats) reed” and “dim (כָּהָה, kahah) wick” in v. 3 are repeated here.
  8. Isaiah 42:4 tn Or “islands” (NIV); NLT “distant lands beyond the sea.”
  9. Isaiah 42:4 tn Or “his law” (KJV, ASV, NASB, NIV) or “his instruction” (NLT).
  10. Isaiah 42:5 tn Heb “the God.” The definite article here indicates distinctiveness or uniqueness.
  11. Isaiah 42:5 tn Heb “and its offspring” (so NASB); NIV “all that comes out of it.”
  12. Isaiah 42:5 tn Heb “and spirit [i.e., “breath”] to the ones walking in it” (NAB, NASB, and NRSV all similar).
  13. Isaiah 42:6 tn Heb “call you in righteousness.” The pronoun “you” is masculine singular, referring to the servant. See the note at 41:2.
  14. Isaiah 42:6 tn The translation assumes the verb is derived from the root נָצַר (natsar, “protect”). Some prefer to derive it from the root יָצַר (yatsar, “form”).
  15. Isaiah 42:6 tn Heb “a covenant of people.” A person cannot literally be a covenant; בְּרִית (berit) is probably metonymic here, indicating a covenant mediator. The precise identity of עָם (ʿam, “people”) is uncertain. In v. 5 עָם refers to mankind, and the following reference to “nations” also favors this. But in 49:8, where the phrase בְּרִית עָם occurs again, Israel seems to be in view.
  16. Isaiah 42:6 sn Light here symbolizes deliverance from bondage and oppression; note the parallelism in 49:6b and in 51:4-6.
  17. Isaiah 42:6 tn Or “the Gentiles” (so KJV, ASV, NIV); the same Hebrew word can be translated “nations” or “Gentiles” depending on the context.
  18. Isaiah 42:7 sn This does not refer to literal physical healing of the blind. As the next two lines suggest, this refers metonymically to freeing captives from their dark prisons where their eyes have grown unaccustomed to light.
  19. Isaiah 42:7 sn This does not refer to hardened, dangerous criminals, who would have been executed for their crimes in ancient Near Eastern society. This verse refers to political prisoners or victims of social injustice.
  20. Isaiah 42:9 tn Heb “the former things, look, they have come.”
  21. Isaiah 42:9 tn Heb “before they sprout up, I cause you to hear.” The pronoun “you” is plural, referring to the people of Israel. In this verse “the former things” are the Lord’s earlier predictive oracles which have come to pass, while “the new things” are predicted events that have not yet begun to take place. “The former things” are earlier events in Israel’s history which God announced beforehand, such as the Exodus (see 43:16-18). “The new things” are the predictions about the servant (42:1-7). and may also include Cyrus’ conquests (41:25-27).
  22. Isaiah 42:10 tn Heb “his praise.” The phrase stands parallel to “new song” in the previous line.
  23. Isaiah 42:10 tn Heb “and its fullness”; NASB, NIV “and all that is in it.”
  24. Isaiah 42:10 tn Or “islands” (NASB, NIV); NLT “distant coastlands.”
  25. Isaiah 42:12 tn Heb “Let them ascribe to the Lord glory.”
  26. Isaiah 42:12 tn Heb “and his praise in the coastlands [or “islands”] let them declare.”
  27. Isaiah 42:13 tn Heb “like a man of war he stirs up zeal” (NIV similar).
  28. Isaiah 42:13 tn Or perhaps, “he triumphs over his enemies” (cf. NIV); NLT “will crush all his enemies.”
  29. Isaiah 42:14 tn Heb “silent” (so NASB, NIV, TEV, NLT); CEV “have held my temper.”
  30. Isaiah 42:14 sn The imagery depicts the Lord as a warrior who is eager to fight and can no longer hold himself back from the attack.
  31. Isaiah 42:15 tn Heb “I will dry up the mountains and hills.” The “mountains and hills” stand by synecdoche for the trees that grow on them. Some prefer to derive the verb from a homonymic root and translate, “I will lay waste.”
  32. Isaiah 42:15 tc The Hebrew text reads, “I will turn streams into coastlands [or “islands”].” Scholars who believe that this reading makes little sense have proposed an emendation of אִיִּים (ʾiyyim, “islands”) to צִיּוֹת (tsiyyot, “dry places”; cf. NCV, NLT, TEV). However, since all the versions support the MT reading, there is insufficient grounds for an emendation here. Although the imagery of changing rivers into islands is somewhat strange, J. N. Oswalt describes this imagery against the backdrop of rivers of the Near East. The receding of these rivers at times occasioned the appearance of previously submerged islands (Isaiah [NICOT], 2:126).
  33. Isaiah 42:15 sn The imagery of this verse, which depicts the Lord bringing a curse of infertility to the earth, metaphorically describes how the Lord will destroy his enemies.
  34. Isaiah 42:16 tn Heb “a way they do not know” (so NASB); NRSV “a road they do not know.”
  35. Isaiah 42:16 tn Heb “in paths they do not know I will make them walk.”
  36. Isaiah 42:16 tn Heb “and the rough ground into a level place.”
  37. Isaiah 42:17 tn Heb “be ashamed with shame”; ASV, NASB “be utterly put to shame.”
  38. Isaiah 42:18 tn Heb “look to see”; NAB, NCV “look and see”; NRSV “look up and see.”
  39. Isaiah 42:19 tc The precise meaning of מְשֻׁלָּם (meshullam) in this context is uncertain. In later biblical Hebrew the form (which appears to be a Pual participle from the root שָׁלַם, shalam) occurs as a proper name, Meshullam. The Pual of שָׁלַם (“be complete”) is attested with the meaning “repaid, requited,” but that makes little sense here. BDB 1023 s.v. שָׁלַם relates the form to the denominative verb שָׁלַם (“be at peace”) and paraphrases “one in a covenant of peace” (J. N. Oswalt suggests “the covenanted one”; Isaiah [NICOT], 2:128, n. 59) Some emend the form to מֹשְׁלָם (moshelam, “their ruler”) or to מְשֻׁלָּחִי (meshullakhi, “my sent [or “commissioned”] one”), which fits nicely in the parallelism (note “my messenger” in the previous line). The translation above assumes an emendation to כְּמוֹ שֹׁלְמִי (kemo sholemi, “like my ally”). Isaiah uses כְּמוֹ in 30:22 and perhaps 51:5; for שֹׁלְמי (“my ally”) see Ps 7:5 HT (7:4 ET).
  40. Isaiah 42:19 tn Heb “Who is blind but my servant, and deaf like my messenger I send? Who is blind like my commissioned one, blind like the servant of the Lord?” The point of the rhetorical questions is that no one is as blind/deaf as this servant. In this context the Lord’s “servant” is exiled Israel (cf. 41:8-9), which is spiritually blind and deaf and has failed to fulfill God’s purpose for it. This servant stands in contrast to the ideal “Israel” of the servant songs.
  41. Isaiah 42:20 tn The consonantal text (Kethib) has a perfect, second person masculine singular; the marginal reading (Qere) has an infinitive absolute, which functions here as a finite verb.
  42. Isaiah 42:20 tn Heb “but you do not guard [i.e., retain in your memory]”; NIV “but have paid no attention.”
  43. Isaiah 42:21 tn Heb “The Lord was pleased for the sake of his righteousness [or “justice”], he was magnifying [the] law and was making [it] glorious.” The Lord contrasts his good intentions for the people with their present crisis (v. 22). To demonstrate his just character and attract the nations, the Lord wanted to showcase his law among and through Israel (Deut 4:5-8). But Israel disobeyed (v. 24) and failed to carry out their commission.
  44. Isaiah 42:22 tc The Hebrew text has בַּחוּרִים (bakhurim, “young men”), but the text should be emended to בְּהוֹרִים (behorim, “in holes”).
  45. Isaiah 42:22 tn Heb “and made to be hidden”; NAB, NASB, NIV, TEV “hidden away in prisons.”
  46. Isaiah 42:22 tn Heb “they became loot, and there was no one rescuing, plunder, and there was no one saying, ‘Bring back’.”
  47. Isaiah 42:23 tn The interrogative particle is understood in the second line by ellipsis (note the preceding line).
  48. Isaiah 42:24 tn Heb “Who gave to the robber Jacob, and Israel to the looters?” In the first line the consonantal text (Kethib) has מְשׁוֹסֶה (meshoseh), a Polel participle from שָׁסָה (shasah, “plunder”). The marginal reading (Qere) is מְשִׁיסָּה (meshissah), a noun meaning “plunder.” In this case one could translate “Who handed Jacob over as plunder?”
  49. Isaiah 42:24 tn Heb “they were not willing in his ways to walk, and they did not listen to his law.”
  50. Isaiah 42:25 tn The Hebrew third masculine singular pronoun, representing the nation, has been rendered as the third plural throughout this verse.
  51. Isaiah 42:25 tn Heb “strength” (so KJV, NASB); NAB “fury”; NASB “fierceness”; NIV “violence.”
  52. Isaiah 42:25 tn Heb “and it blazed against him all around.” The subject of the third feminine singular verb “blazed” is the divine חֵמָה (khemah, “anger”) mentioned in the previous line.
  53. Isaiah 42:25 sn It is not that he did not know about the war, but he did not attribute this to God’s wrath.
  54. Isaiah 42:25 tn Heb “but he did not set [it] upon [his] heart.” The Hebrew word “heart” also refers to the mind.

The Lord's Chosen Servant

42 (A)Behold (B)my servant, whom I uphold,
    my chosen, (C)in whom my soul delights;
(D)I have put my Spirit upon him;
    (E)he will bring forth justice to the nations.
He will not cry aloud or lift up his voice,
    or make it heard in the street;
(F)a bruised reed he will not break,
    and a faintly burning wick he will not quench;
    (G)he will faithfully bring forth justice.
He will not grow faint or be discouraged[a]
    till he has established justice in the earth;
    and (H)the coastlands wait for his law.

Thus says God, the Lord,
    who created the heavens (I)and stretched them out,
    who spread out the earth and what comes from it,
(J)who gives breath to the people on it
    and spirit to those who walk in it:
“I am the Lord; (K)I have called you[b] in righteousness;
    I will take you by the hand and keep you;
I will give you (L)as a covenant for the people,
    (M)a light for the nations,
    (N)to open the eyes that are blind,
to bring out the prisoners from the dungeon,
    (O)from the prison those who sit in darkness.
I am the Lord; that is my name;
    (P)my glory I give to no other,
    nor my praise to carved idols.
Behold, the former things have come to pass,
    (Q)and new things I now declare;
before they spring forth
    I tell you of them.”

Sing to the Lord a New Song

10 (R)Sing to the Lord a new song,
    his praise from the end of the earth,
(S)you who go down to the sea, and all that fills it,
    (T)the coastlands and their inhabitants.
11 Let the desert and its cities lift up their voice,
    the villages that (U)Kedar inhabits;
let the habitants of (V)Sela sing for joy,
    let them shout from the top of the mountains.
12 Let them give glory to the Lord,
    and declare his praise in (W)the coastlands.
13 (X)The Lord goes out like a mighty man,
    like a man of war (Y)he stirs up his zeal;
he cries out, (Z)he shouts aloud,
    he shows himself mighty against his foes.

14 For a long time I have held my peace;
    I have kept still and restrained myself;
now I will cry out (AA)like a woman in labor;
    I will gasp and pant.
15 (AB)I will lay waste mountains and hills,
    and dry up all their vegetation;
I will turn the rivers into islands,[c]
    and dry up the pools.
16 (AC)And I will lead the blind
    in a way that they do not know,
in paths that they have not known
    I will guide them.
I will turn the darkness before them into light,
    (AD)the rough places into level ground.
These are the things I do,
    and I do not forsake them.
17 (AE)They are turned back and utterly put to shame,
    who trust in carved idols,
who say to metal images,
    “You are our gods.”

Israel's Failure to Hear and See

18 Hear, you deaf,
    and look, you blind, that you may see!
19 Who is blind but my servant,
    or deaf as my messenger whom I send?
Who is blind as my dedicated one,[d]
    or blind as the servant of the Lord?
20 (AF)He sees many things, but does not observe them;
    (AG)his ears are open, but he does not hear.
21 The Lord was pleased, for his righteousness' sake,
    to magnify his law and make it glorious.
22 But this is a people plundered and looted;
    they are all of them trapped in holes
    (AH)and hidden in prisons;
they have become plunder with none to rescue,
    spoil with none to say, “Restore!”
23 Who among you will give ear to this,
    will attend and listen for the time to come?
24 Who gave up Jacob to the looter,
    and Israel to the plunderers?
Was it not the Lord, against whom we have sinned,
    in whose ways they would not walk,
    and whose law they would not obey?
25 So he poured on him the heat of his anger
    and the might of battle;
it set him on fire all around, (AI)but he did not understand;
    it burned him up, (AJ)but he did not take it to heart.

Footnotes

  1. Isaiah 42:4 Or bruised
  2. Isaiah 42:6 The Hebrew for you is singular; four times in this verse
  3. Isaiah 42:15 Or into coastlands
  4. Isaiah 42:19 Or as the one at peace with me

The Lord’s Chosen Servant

42 “Look at my servant, whom I strengthen.
    He is my chosen one, who pleases me.
I have put my Spirit upon him.
    He will bring justice to the nations.
He will not shout
    or raise his voice in public.
He will not crush the weakest reed
    or put out a flickering candle.
    He will bring justice to all who have been wronged.
He will not falter or lose heart
    until justice prevails throughout the earth.
    Even distant lands beyond the sea will wait for his instruction.[a]

God, the Lord, created the heavens and stretched them out.
    He created the earth and everything in it.
He gives breath to everyone,
    life to everyone who walks the earth.
And it is he who says,
“I, the Lord, have called you to demonstrate my righteousness.
    I will take you by the hand and guard you,
and I will give you to my people, Israel,
    as a symbol of my covenant with them.
And you will be a light to guide the nations.
    You will open the eyes of the blind.
You will free the captives from prison,
    releasing those who sit in dark dungeons.

“I am the Lord; that is my name!
    I will not give my glory to anyone else,
    nor share my praise with carved idols.
Everything I prophesied has come true,
    and now I will prophesy again.
I will tell you the future before it happens.”

A Song of Praise to the Lord

10 Sing a new song to the Lord!
    Sing his praises from the ends of the earth!
Sing, all you who sail the seas,
    all you who live in distant coastlands.
11 Join in the chorus, you desert towns;
    let the villages of Kedar rejoice!
Let the people of Sela sing for joy;
    shout praises from the mountaintops!
12 Let the whole world glorify the Lord;
    let it sing his praise.
13 The Lord will march forth like a mighty hero;
    he will come out like a warrior, full of fury.
He will shout his battle cry
    and crush all his enemies.

14 He will say, “I have long been silent;
    yes, I have restrained myself.
But now, like a woman in labor,
    I will cry and groan and pant.
15 I will level the mountains and hills
    and blight all their greenery.
I will turn the rivers into dry land
    and will dry up all the pools.
16 I will lead blind Israel down a new path,
    guiding them along an unfamiliar way.
I will brighten the darkness before them
    and smooth out the road ahead of them.
Yes, I will indeed do these things;
    I will not forsake them.
17 But those who trust in idols,
    who say, ‘You are our gods,’
    will be turned away in shame.

Israel’s Failure to Listen and See

18 “Listen, you who are deaf!
    Look and see, you blind!
19 Who is as blind as my own people, my servant?
    Who is as deaf as my messenger?
Who is as blind as my chosen people,
    the servant of the Lord?
20 You see and recognize what is right
    but refuse to act on it.
You hear with your ears,
    but you don’t really listen.”

21 Because he is righteous,
    the Lord has exalted his glorious law.
22 But his own people have been robbed and plundered,
    enslaved, imprisoned, and trapped.
They are fair game for anyone
    and have no one to protect them,
    no one to take them back home.

23 Who will hear these lessons from the past
    and see the ruin that awaits you in the future?
24 Who allowed Israel to be robbed and hurt?
    It was the Lord, against whom we sinned,
for the people would not walk in his path,
    nor would they obey his law.
25 Therefore, he poured out his fury on them
    and destroyed them in battle.
They were enveloped in flames,
    but they still refused to understand.
They were consumed by fire,
    but they did not learn their lesson.

Footnotes

  1. 42:4 Greek version reads And his name will be the hope of all the world. Compare Matt 12:21.

42 Eternal One: Look here, let Me present My servant;
        I have taken hold of him. He is My chosen, and I delight in him.
    I have put My Spirit on him; by this he will bring justice to the nations.

This poem is the first of several Servant Songs. God’s special Servant is described in various ways. In this song (42:1–9), the Servant is portrayed as one who faithfully establishes justice in the world and serves as a light for the nations. In the second song (49:1–13), the Servant is called from the womb and ordained to restore the nation of Israel and take salvation to the ends of the earth. In the third song (50:4–9), the Servant is portrayed as a teacher, intimately in touch with God, yet brutally beaten and disgraced by his enemies. In the fourth song (52:13–53:12), the suffering and rejection of God’s Servant takes priority over his other tasks; yet even in his suffering God is working to repair the world from the harm done by sin and evil.

Eternal One: He will not scream or yell,
        crying out for all to hear.
    What is bruised and bent, he will not break;
        he will not blow out a smoldering candle.
    Rather, he will faithfully turn his attention to doing justice.
    And though he faces obstacles, resistance, and great pressure,
        he will not crack; he will not give up until things are set right.
    Even the coastlands wait patiently for his instruction.

God, the Eternal One, who made the starry skies,
    stretched them tight above and around;
Who cast the shimmering globe of earth and filled it with life;
    who gives breath and animates the people;
Who walks and talks with life-giving spirit has this to say:

Eternal One: I am the Eternal One. By righteousness I have called you.
        I will take you by the hand and keep you safe.
    You are given as a covenant between Me and the people:
        a light for the nations, a shining beacon to the world.
    You will open blind eyes so they will see again.
        You will lead prisoners, blinking, out from caverns of captivity,
        from cells pitch black with despair.
    I am the Eternal One.
        I Am is My name.
        My beauty is unique, a weighty splendor all My own.
    And nothing else—no idols could possibly gain My praise.
    Look here, what’s done is done and gone.
        The now is new, and there’s hope in the not-yet.
    I will tell you what’s to come, even before the events are brand-new.

10 So make up a song like none other. Sing a new song to the Eternal.
    And let His praise echo clear across the earth.
Let those who go to sea set sail with praise in the air.
    Let those who live along the waters’ edge sing His praise.
11 Let desert places, urban and rural, wild and settled, sing!
    Let the settlements of Kedar and those in the craggy cliffs of Sela join in the celebration.
The peaks of mountains, too, raise your voices with a great, glad cry.
12 Let them all give glory to the Eternal.
    Let them praise the One who is, was, and will be heard along the coasts.
13 As a hero throws himself into battle, the Eternal will take on His enemies;
    with passion, shouting out a deafening roar, He will power over them.

14 Eternal One: As a woman fiercely strains to give birth, I will gasp, pant, and cry out.
        I have been quiet for a long time; I have held back in the face of it all.
    Well, no more.
15     When My power is loosed, I will make level the heights
        and render them bare.
    I will dry up the rivers until bare islands appear,
        and empty the sweet water from the pools.
16     I will escort the blind down roads they do not know,
        guide them down paths they’ve never seen.
    I will smooth their passage and light their way.
        I will indeed do it—they are abandoned no more.

17 Meanwhile, those who put their stock in worthless images,
    who worship things impotent and breakable
And say to idols, “You are our gods,”
    will be turned away and mortified.

18 Eternal One: You, deaf to the world, hear!
        You, blind in your eyes, look! And you will see.
19     My servant is as blind as any.
        Who could be more deaf than the one who goes where I direct and tells what I want told?

The identity of the Servant is much debated. On the one hand, Isaiah often refers to God’s people, Israel, as “the servant of the Eternal” (41:8–9; 42:19; 45:4; especially 49:3). Yet at other times the Servant seems to be an individual, distinct from Israel, with a special mission to and for Israel. Early Christians hear these Servant Songs and reflect on Jesus’ significance; they better understand His role as the light of the world, teacher, and Suffering Servant of God. They see His life and ministry as the embodiment and representative of true Israel and therefore the fulfillment of these words. They use the prophet’s poetry to formulate songs and sermons that express not only Jesus’ unique relationship to God but also His unique career as the Light of the world.

Who is as blind as the one committed to do what the Eternal One wills,
    the servant of the Eternal?
20 The seer-of-much nevertheless doesn’t get it;
    privy to sound and speech and tone, he still doesn’t hear.
21 On account of God’s goodness, His right ways and deeds,
    the Eternal was pleased to make the instruction grand and glorious.
22 But this people is compromised.
    They’ve been plundered and robbed.
    They have lost—things, liberty, place, and name.
They are all trapped in holes and tucked away in prisons.
    They’ve been plundered and depleted with none to the rescue.
They’ve been stolen away with none to insist, “Give them back.”
23 Is there anyone who understands? Who, out of all of you, will pay attention,
    understand, and take note concerning what’s to come?

God is the one who lies behind these events. He makes it possible for His people to be defeated and taken away.

24 Wasn’t it the Lord, because we turned our backs,
    who gave up Jacob’s descendants, Israel, for robbery and plunder?
We refused to live as God would have us live. We did not heed
    the instruction that God gave us through Moses so long ago.
25 That’s why God sent all fury against Jacob
    in the shape of war, and we were burned.
    We experienced all this;
Yet we didn’t get it. God’s people did not take it to heart.