Add parallel Print Page Options

Jacob teme encontrarse con Esaú

32 Cuando Jacob siguió su camino, los ángeles de Dios(A) le salieron al encuentro. Y al verlos, Jacob dijo: «Este es el campamento[a] de Dios». Por eso le puso a aquel lugar el nombre de Mahanaim[b](B).

Entonces Jacob envió mensajeros delante de sí a su hermano Esaú(C), a la tierra de Seir(D), región[c] de Edom(E). Y les dio órdenes, diciendo: «Así dirán a mi señor Esaú: “Así dice su siervo Jacob: ‘He morado[d] con Labán, y allí me he quedado hasta ahora(F). Tengo bueyes, asnos y rebaños, siervos y siervas(G); y envío a avisar a mi señor, para hallar gracia ante sus ojos(H)’”».

Los mensajeros regresaron a Jacob, diciendo: «Fuimos a su hermano Esaú, y él también viene a su encuentro, y 400 hombres con él(I)». Jacob tuvo mucho temor y se angustió(J). Dividió en dos campamentos[e] la gente que estaba con él, y las ovejas, las vacas y los camellos, y dijo: «Si Esaú viene a un campamento y lo ataca[f], el campamento que queda escapará».

Entonces Jacob dijo: «Oh Dios de mi padre Abraham y Dios de mi padre Isaac(K), oh Señor, que me dijiste: “Vuelve a tu tierra(L) y a tus familiares, y Yo te haré prosperar[g]”. 10 Indigno soy de[h] toda misericordia y de toda la fidelidad[i] que has mostrado a Tu siervo(M). Porque con solo mi cayado crucé este Jordán, y ahora he llegado a tener[j] dos campamentos[k]. 11 Líbrame(N), te ruego, de la mano de mi hermano, de la mano de Esaú(O), porque yo le tengo miedo, no sea que venga y me hiera a mí y a las madres con los hijos(P). 12 Porque Tú me dijiste: “De cierto te haré prosperar[l](Q), y haré tu descendencia[m] como la arena del mar que no se puede contar por su gran cantidad[n](R)”».

13 Jacob pasó la noche allí. Entonces de lo que tenía consigo escogió[o] un presente para su hermano Esaú(S): 14 200 cabras y 20 machos cabríos, 200 ovejas y 20 carneros, 15 30 camellas criando[p] con sus crías, 40 vacas y 10 novillos, 20 asnas y 10 asnos. 16 Jacob los entregó a[q] sus siervos, cada manada aparte[r], y dijo a sus siervos: «Pasen delante de mí, y pongan un buen espacio entre manada y manada».

17 Y ordenó al primero: «Cuando mi hermano Esaú te encuentre y te pregunte: “¿De quién eres y adónde vas, y de quién son estos animales que van delante de ti?”, 18 entonces responderás: “Son de su siervo Jacob. Es un presente enviado a mi señor Esaú. Mire, él también viene detrás de nosotros”».

19 También dio órdenes al segundo y al tercero, y a todos los que iban tras las manadas, diciendo: «De esta manera hablarán a Esaú cuando lo encuentren, 20 y dirán: “Mire, su siervo Jacob también viene detrás de nosotros”». Pues dijo: «Lo apaciguaré con el presente que va delante de mí. Y después veré su rostro; quizá me acepte». 21 El presente pasó, pues, delante de él, y Jacob durmió aquella noche en el campamento.

Jacob lucha con el ángel de Dios

22 Aquella misma noche Jacob se levantó, y tomó a sus dos mujeres, a sus dos siervas y a sus once hijos, y cruzó el vado de Jaboc(T). 23 Después que los tomó y los hizo pasar el arroyo, hizo pasar también todo lo que tenía.

24 Jacob se quedó solo, y un hombre luchó con él(U) hasta rayar el alba. 25 Cuando vio que no podía prevalecer contra Jacob, lo tocó en la coyuntura del muslo, y se dislocó la coyuntura del muslo de Jacob mientras luchaba con él. 26 Entonces el hombre dijo: «Suéltame porque raya el alba». «No te soltaré si no me bendices(V)», le respondió Jacob. 27 «¿Cómo te llamas?», le preguntó el hombre. «Jacob», le respondió él.

28 Y el hombre dijo: «Tu nombre ya no será Jacob, sino Israel[s](W), porque has luchado con Dios y con los hombres, y has prevalecido». 29 Entonces Jacob le dijo: «Dame a conocer ahora tu nombre». «¿Para qué preguntas por mi nombre(X)?», le respondió el hombre. Y lo bendijo allí.

30 Y Jacob le puso a aquel lugar el nombre de Peniel[t], porque dijo: «He visto a Dios cara a cara, y ha sido preservada mi vida[u](Y)». 31 El sol salía cuando Jacob cruzaba Peniel(Z), y cojeaba de su muslo. 32 Por eso, hasta hoy, los israelitas no comen el tendón de la cadera que está en la coyuntura del muslo, porque el hombre tocó la coyuntura del muslo de Jacob en el tendón de la cadera.

Footnotes

  1. 32:2 O Esta es la compañía.
  2. 32:2 I.e. Dos Campamentos.
  3. 32:3 Lit. campo.
  4. 32:4 Lit. peregrinado.
  5. 32:7 O compañías.
  6. 32:8 Lit. hiere.
  7. 32:9 Lit. haré bien contigo.
  8. 32:10 Lit. menos soy que.
  9. 32:10 O verdad.
  10. 32:10 Lit. ser.
  11. 32:10 O compañías.
  12. 32:12 Lit. haré bien contigo.
  13. 32:12 Lit. simiente.
  14. 32:12 O su multitud.
  15. 32:13 Lit. tomó de lo que había venido a su mano.
  16. 32:15 O lecheras.
  17. 32:16 Lit. en mano de.
  18. 32:16 Lit. por sí misma.
  19. 32:28 I.e. El que lucha con Dios.
  20. 32:30 I.e. el rostro de Dios.
  21. 32:30 Lit. alma.

Jacob envía mensajeros a Esaú

32 Jacob también siguió su camino, pero unos ángeles de Dios salieron a su encuentro. Al verlos, exclamó: «¡Este es el campamento de Dios!». Por eso llamó a ese lugar Majanayin.[a]

Luego Jacob envió mensajeros a su hermano Esaú, que estaba en la tierra de Seír, en la región de Edom. Y ordenó que le dijeran: «Mi señor Esaú, su siervo Jacob nos ha enviado a decirle que él ha vivido en la casa de Labán todo este tiempo y que ahora tiene vacas, asnos, ovejas, esclavos y esclavas. Le manda este mensaje con la esperanza de ganarse su favor».

Cuando los mensajeros regresaron, dijeron a Jacob: «Fuimos a hablar con su hermano Esaú y ahora viene a su encuentro acompañado de cuatrocientos hombres».

Jacob sintió miedo y se angustió muchísimo. Por eso dividió en dos grupos a la gente que lo acompañaba, y lo mismo hizo con las ovejas, las vacas y los camellos, pues pensó: «Si Esaú ataca a un grupo, el otro grupo podrá escapar».

Entonces Jacob se puso a orar: «Señor, Dios de mi abuelo Abraham y de mi padre Isaac, que me dijiste que regresara a mi tierra y a mis parientes, y que me harías prosperar: 10 realmente yo, tu siervo, no soy digno de la bondad y fidelidad con que me has privilegiado. Cuando crucé este río Jordán, no tenía más que mi bastón; pero ahora he llegado a formar dos campamentos. 11 ¡Líbrame del poder de mi hermano Esaú, pues tengo miedo de que venga a matarme a mí y a las madres y a los niños! 12 Tú mismo afirmaste que me harías prosperar y que mis descendientes serían tan numerosos como la arena del mar, que no se puede contar».

13 Jacob pasó la noche en aquel lugar y de lo que tenía consigo escogió, como regalo para su hermano Esaú, 14 doscientas cabras, veinte chivos, doscientas ovejas, veinte carneros, 15 treinta camellas con sus crías, cuarenta vacas, diez novillos, veinte asnas y diez asnos. 16 Luego los puso a cargo de sus siervos, cada manada por separado, y dijo: «Vayan adelante, pero dejen un buen espacio entre manada y manada».

17 Entonces ordenó al que iba al frente: «Cuando te encuentres con mi hermano Esaú y te pregunte de quién eres, a dónde te diriges y de quién es el ganado que llevas, 18 contestarás: “Es un regalo para usted, mi señor Esaú, que de sus ganados le manda su siervo Jacob. Además, él mismo viene detrás de nosotros”».

19 Jacob dio la misma orden al segundo y al tercer grupo, y a todos los demás que iban detrás del ganado. Les dijo: «Cuando se encuentren con Esaú, le dirán todo esto 20 y añadirán: “Su siervo Jacob viene detrás de nosotros”».

Jacob pensaba: «Lo apaciguaré con los regalos que le llegarán primero, y luego me presentaré ante él; tal vez así me reciba bien». 21 De esta manera los regalos lo precedieron, pero Jacob se quedó esa noche en el campamento.

Jacob lucha con Dios

22 Aquella misma noche Jacob se levantó, tomó a sus dos esposas, a sus dos esclavas, a sus once hijos y cruzó el río Jaboc. 23 Una vez que lo habían cruzado, hizo pasar también todas sus posesiones, 24 quedándose solo. Entonces un hombre luchó con él hasta el amanecer. 25 Cuando este se dio cuenta de que no podía vencer a Jacob, lo tocó en la coyuntura de la cadera y esta se le dislocó mientras luchaban. 26 Entonces dijo:

—¡Suéltame, que ya está por amanecer!

—¡No te soltaré hasta que me bendigas! —respondió Jacob.

27 —¿Cómo te llamas? —le preguntó el hombre.

—Me llamo Jacob —respondió.

28 Entonces le dijo:

—Ya no te llamarás Jacob, sino Israel,[b] porque has luchado con Dios y con los hombres y has vencido.

29 —Y tú, ¿cómo te llamas? —preguntó Jacob.

Él respondió:

—¿Por qué preguntas cómo me llamo?

Y en ese mismo lugar lo bendijo. 30 Jacob llamó a ese lugar Peniel,[c] porque dijo: «He visto a Dios cara a cara y todavía sigo con vida».

31 Cruzaba Jacob por el lugar llamado Peniel, cuando salió el sol. A causa de su cadera dislocada iba cojeando. 32 Por esta razón los israelitas no comen el tendón que está en la articulación de la cadera, porque a Jacob se le tocó en dicho tendón.

Footnotes

  1. 32:2 En hebreo, Majanayin significa dos campamentos.
  2. 32:28 En hebreo, Israel significa él lucha con Dios.
  3. 32:30 En hebreo, Peniel significa cara de Dios.

Chapter 32

Laban rose early in the morning, kissed his grandsons and daughters, and blessed them. Then he left and returned home.

Jacob Prepares To Meet Esau.[a] As Jacob continued his journey, angels of God appeared to him. When Jacob saw them he said, “This is the encampment of God,” and he called the place Mahanaim. Then Jacob sent some messengers ahead to his brother Esau in the land of Seir, the country of Edom. He gave them this command, “Say to my lord Esau, ‘Thus says your servant Jacob, I have sojourned with Laban and I remained there until now. I have come to own oxen, donkeys, flocks, male and female slaves. I am sending my lord this information to seek his favor.’ ”

The messengers returned to Jacob saying, “We went to your brother Esau. Now he is coming to meet you and he has four hundred men with him.” Jacob was terribly afraid and filled with anxiety. He divided the men of his camp into two groups along with the flocks, the herds, and the camels. He thought, “If Esau were to come to one group and destroy it, the other would be safe.”

10 Jacob said, “God of my father Abraham and God of my father Isaac, Lord, who told me, ‘Return to your land, to your homeland, and I will bless you,’ 11 I am not worthy of the goodness and faithfulness that you have shown your servant. When I passed over the Jordan I had nothing but my staff, and now I have become so rich that I could establish two camps. 12 Save me from the hands of my brother Esau because I am afraid of him. Let him not come and kill all of us, even the mothers and children. 13 Besides, you said, ‘I will make you prosper and I will make your descendants like the sand of the sea, so numerous that you cannot count them.’ ”

14 Jacob spent the night there. Then he selected the following gifts from among his possessions for his brother Esau: 15 two hundred she-goats and twenty he-goats, two hundred ewes and twenty rams, 16 thirty nursing camels and their young, forty cows and ten bulls, twenty female donkeys and ten male donkeys. 17 He entrusted them to his servants, in separate groups, and told them, “Go ahead of me and leave some space between the groups.”

18 He gave this order to the first group, “When you meet Esau, my brother, and he asks you, ‘To whom do you belong? Where are you going? Who owns all these animals that you are driving?’ 19 you are to answer, ‘They belong to your servant Jacob. They are a gift for my lord Esau. And Jacob himself is behind us.’ ”

20 He gave the same order to the second group and the third and all the other groups: “These are the words that you shall say to Esau when you meet him. 21 Tell him, ‘Your servant Jacob is coming behind us.’ ” He was thinking, “The gifts that I am sending will calm him down, and then I will come before him. Maybe he will greet me kindly.” 22 Thus, the gifts went ahead of him, while he spent the night in the camp.

23 A Mysterious Struggle.[b] During the night Jacob arose, took his two wives, his two slaves, and his eleven sons and crossed over the ford of the Jabbok. 24 He took them, crossed over the brook and carried over all his possessions. 25 So Jacob remained alone, and a man wrestled with him until the dawn. 26 Seeing that he could not beat him, the man struck Jacob at the hip joint. Jacob’s hip joint became dislocated while he continued to fight with him. 27 The man said, “Let me go because it is dawn.”

Jacob answered, “I will not let go of you until you will have blessed me.”

28 The man asked, “What is your name?”

He answered, “Jacob.”

29 The man then said, “Your name will no longer be Jacob, but Israel[c] because you have wrestled with God and with man and have won.”

30 Jacob said to him, “Give me your name.” He answered, “Why are you asking my name?” And then he blessed him. 31 Jacob called the place Peniel[d] because he said, “I have seen God face to face, and I am still alive.”

32 The sun rose and Jacob left Penuel limping. 33 This is why Israelites to this day do not eat the sinew of the thigh, because the man had struck Jacob’s hip joint and the sinew shrank.

Footnotes

  1. Genesis 32:2 The way that Jacob has taken obliges him to go through the territory of the Edomites, and the suspicious Esau has undoubtedly not yet digested the wicked trick that his brother has played on him (Gen 27:1-45). According to the traditions, Jacob takes measures to save half of his caravan in case of a struggle or to disarm the hatred by gifts; the prayer that the author places on his lips provides the key to his story. Despite his unworthiness, Jacob is the heir of the promises; that is why the Lord protects him and heaps favors upon him. The adventures of the hero as well as those of the chosen people (Ex 3:11; Deut 7:7f) verify a law of the action of God who causes his power to appear through the weakness of human beings.
  2. Genesis 32:23 After the twenty years in Mesopotamia that were meant to purify him and straighten him out, Jacob is ready at last to begin his life as Patriarch of God’s people in the Promised Land. In the stranger who wrestles with him at the ford of the Jabbok without revealing his name, Jacob recognizes the Lord and compels him to give his blessing. This is a confirmation of the patriarchal blessing that he had received from his father (Gen 27:27-29; 28:3-4) and also from the Lord (Gen 28:13-15) when he was beginning his journey abroad. Here the blessing is accompanied by the giving of a new name, an action that indicates a special act of taking possession: from this moment on Jacob will truly be God’s man, who along with the name receives his special mission in life. From now on we see a man who has gradually learned to live by faith (see vv. 10-13, etc.).
  3. Genesis 32:29 Israel: the real etymology is uncertain; it may mean “God is mighty” or “God shows himself mighty.” Here, however, the popular etymology is given: “He has shown his strength by wrestling with God” (see also Hos 12:4-5).
  4. Genesis 32:31 Peniel: a variant of Penuel, a town north of the Jabbok in Gilead (Jdg 8:8f, 17). I have seen God face to face: apart from the present context, this means to present oneself before God in the sanctuary with offerings for worship (see Deut 16:16).

Jacob Prepares to Meet Esau

32 [a]Jacob also went on his way, and the angels of God(A) met him. When Jacob saw them, he said, “This is the camp of God!”(B) So he named that place Mahanaim.[b](C)

Jacob sent messengers(D) ahead of him to his brother Esau(E) in the land of Seir,(F) the country of Edom.(G) He instructed them: “This is what you are to say to my lord(H) Esau: ‘Your servant(I) Jacob says, I have been staying with Laban(J) and have remained there till now. I have cattle and donkeys, sheep and goats, male and female servants.(K) Now I am sending this message to my lord,(L) that I may find favor in your eyes.(M)’”

When the messengers returned to Jacob, they said, “We went to your brother Esau, and now he is coming to meet you, and four hundred men are with him.”(N)

In great fear(O) and distress(P) Jacob divided the people who were with him into two groups,[c](Q) and the flocks and herds and camels as well. He thought, “If Esau comes and attacks one group,[d] the group[e] that is left may escape.”

Then Jacob prayed, “O God of my father Abraham,(R) God of my father Isaac,(S) Lord, you who said to me, ‘Go back to your country and your relatives, and I will make you prosper,’(T) 10 I am unworthy of all the kindness and faithfulness(U) you have shown your servant. I had only my staff(V) when I crossed this Jordan, but now I have become two camps.(W) 11 Save me, I pray, from the hand of my brother Esau, for I am afraid(X) he will come and attack me,(Y) and also the mothers with their children.(Z) 12 But you have said, ‘I will surely make you prosper and will make your descendants like the sand(AA) of the sea, which cannot be counted.(AB)’”

13 He spent the night there, and from what he had with him he selected a gift(AC) for his brother Esau: 14 two hundred female goats and twenty male goats, two hundred ewes and twenty rams,(AD) 15 thirty female camels with their young, forty cows and ten bulls, and twenty female donkeys and ten male donkeys.(AE) 16 He put them in the care of his servants, each herd by itself, and said to his servants, “Go ahead of me, and keep some space between the herds.”(AF)

17 He instructed the one in the lead: “When my brother Esau meets you and asks, ‘Who do you belong to, and where are you going, and who owns all these animals in front of you?’ 18 then you are to say, ‘They belong to your servant(AG) Jacob. They are a gift(AH) sent to my lord Esau, and he is coming behind us.’”

19 He also instructed the second, the third and all the others who followed the herds: “You are to say the same thing to Esau when you meet him. 20 And be sure to say, ‘Your servant(AI) Jacob is coming behind us.’” For he thought, “I will pacify him with these gifts(AJ) I am sending on ahead;(AK) later, when I see him, perhaps he will receive me.”(AL) 21 So Jacob’s gifts(AM) went on ahead of him, but he himself spent the night in the camp.

Jacob Wrestles With God

22 That night Jacob got up and took his two wives, his two female servants and his eleven sons(AN) and crossed the ford of the Jabbok.(AO) 23 After he had sent them across the stream, he sent over all his possessions.(AP) 24 So Jacob was left alone,(AQ) and a man(AR) wrestled with him till daybreak. 25 When the man saw that he could not overpower him, he touched the socket of Jacob’s hip(AS) so that his hip was wrenched as he wrestled with the man. 26 Then the man said, “Let me go, for it is daybreak.”

But Jacob replied, “I will not let you go unless you bless me.”(AT)

27 The man asked him, “What is your name?”

“Jacob,”(AU) he answered.

28 Then the man said, “Your name(AV) will no longer be Jacob, but Israel,[f](AW) because you have struggled with God and with humans and have overcome.”(AX)

29 Jacob said, “Please tell me your name.”(AY)

But he replied, “Why do you ask my name?”(AZ) Then he blessed(BA) him there.

30 So Jacob called the place Peniel,[g] saying, “It is because I saw God face to face,(BB) and yet my life was spared.”

31 The sun rose above him as he passed Peniel,[h](BC) and he was limping because of his hip. 32 Therefore to this day the Israelites do not eat the tendon attached to the socket of the hip,(BD) because the socket of Jacob’s hip was touched near the tendon.

Footnotes

  1. Genesis 32:1 In Hebrew texts 32:1-32 is numbered 32:2-33.
  2. Genesis 32:2 Mahanaim means two camps.
  3. Genesis 32:7 Or camps
  4. Genesis 32:8 Or camp
  5. Genesis 32:8 Or camp
  6. Genesis 32:28 Israel probably means he struggles with God.
  7. Genesis 32:30 Peniel means face of God.
  8. Genesis 32:31 Hebrew Penuel, a variant of Peniel