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L’Eternel n’ira pas avec le peuple

33 L’Eternel dit à Moïse : Va, quitte ce lieu, toi et le peuple que tu as fait sortir d’Egypte, et rendez-vous au pays que j’ai promis par serment à Abraham, à Isaac et à Jacob de donner à leurs descendants[a]. J’enverrai un ange devant toi et je chasserai les Cananéens, les Amoréens, les Hittites, les Phéréziens, les Héviens et les Yebousiens. Il vous conduira vers un pays ruisselant de lait et de miel. Pour moi, je n’irai pas au milieu de vous, car vous êtes un peuple rebelle et je pourrais vous exterminer pendant le voyage.

Lorsque le peuple entendit cette parole sévère, il prit le deuil : personne ne mit ses parures. L’Eternel avait ordonné à Moïse de dire aux Israélites : Vous êtes un peuple rebelle ; si je marchais au milieu de vous, ne fût-ce qu’un seul instant, je vous exterminerais. Otez donc vos parures et l’on verra comment je vais vous traiter.

Les Israélites enlevèrent leurs parures, à distance du mont Horeb.

La tente de la Rencontre

Moïse prit une tente et la dressa pour lui à l’extérieur du camp à une bonne distance. Il l’appelait tente de la Rencontre. Celui qui voulait consulter l’Eternel devait sortir du camp pour se rendre à la tente de la Rencontre. Chaque fois que Moïse sortait pour aller à cette tente, le peuple se levait et chacun se tenait à l’entrée de sa tente pour suivre Moïse du regard jusqu’à ce qu’il soit entré dans la tente. Dès qu’il y pénétrait, la colonne de nuée descendait et se tenait à l’entrée de la tente, et l’Eternel s’entretenait avec Moïse. 10 Tout le peuple voyait la colonne de nuée se tenir à l’entrée de la tente et le peuple tout entier se levait et se prosternait, chacun à l’entrée de sa tente. 11 L’Eternel s’entretenait avec Moïse directement comme un homme parle avec son ami. Puis Moïse regagnait le camp ; mais son jeune assistant Josué, fils de Noun, restait dans la tente.

Moïse prie l’Eternel d’accompagner son peuple

12 Moïse dit à l’Eternel : Vois, tu me demandes de conduire ce peuple, mais tu ne me fais pas connaître qui tu enverras pour m’accompagner ! Pourtant tu m’avais dit : « Je t’ai choisi personnellement et tu jouis de ma faveur. » 13 Maintenant, si réellement j’ai obtenu ta faveur, veuille me révéler tes intentions pour que je te connaisse. Alors j’aurai vraiment ta faveur. Et considère que ce peuple-là, c’est ton peuple !

14 Dieu répondit : Je marcherai moi-même avec toi, pour te rassurer.

15 Moïse reprit : Si tu ne viens pas toi-même avec nous, ne nous fais pas partir d’ici. 16 A quoi reconnaîtra-t-on que j’ai obtenu ta faveur, moi ainsi que ton peuple, sinon si tu marches avec nous, et si nous sommes ainsi distingués, moi et ton peuple, de tous les autres peuples sur la terre ?

17 Alors l’Eternel répondit à Moïse : Même ce que tu viens de demander, je te l’accorde parce que tu jouis de ma faveur et que j’ai une relation particulière avec toi.

18 Moïse reprit : Permets-moi de contempler ta gloire !

19 Dieu lui répondit : Je ferai moi-même passer devant toi toute ma bonté et je proclamerai devant toi les qualités de l’Eternel. Je ferai grâce à qui je veux faire grâce, j’aurai compassion de qui je veux avoir compassion[b]. 20 Mais tu ne pourras pas voir ma face, car nul homme ne peut me voir et demeurer en vie.

21 L’Eternel dit encore : Il y a ici un lieu près de moi ; tiens-toi debout sur le rocher, 22 et quand ma gloire passera, je te mettrai dans le creux du rocher et je te couvrirai de ma main, jusqu’à ce que j’aie passé. 23 Puis je retirerai ma main et tu me verras de dos, mais ma face ne pourra pas être vue.

Footnotes

  1. 33.1 Selon Nb 10.11-12 comparé à Ex 19.1, le séjour d’Israël au Sinaï a été d’un an. Voir Gn 12.7 ; 26.3 ; 28.13.
  2. 33.19 Cité en Rm 9.15.

33 Then the Lord said to Moses, “Leave this place, you and the people you brought up out of Egypt, and go up to the land I promised on oath(A) to Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, saying, ‘I will give it to your descendants.’(B) I will send an angel(C) before you and drive out the Canaanites, Amorites, Hittites, Perizzites, Hivites and Jebusites.(D) Go up to the land flowing with milk and honey.(E) But I will not go with you, because you are a stiff-necked(F) people and I might destroy(G) you on the way.”

When the people heard these distressing words, they began to mourn(H) and no one put on any ornaments. For the Lord had said to Moses, “Tell the Israelites, ‘You are a stiff-necked people.(I) If I were to go with you even for a moment, I might destroy(J) you. Now take off your ornaments and I will decide what to do with you.’” So the Israelites stripped off their ornaments at Mount Horeb.(K)

The Tent of Meeting

Now Moses used to take a tent and pitch it outside the camp some distance away, calling it the “tent of meeting.”(L) Anyone inquiring(M) of the Lord would go to the tent of meeting outside the camp. And whenever Moses went out to the tent, all the people rose and stood at the entrances to their tents,(N) watching Moses until he entered the tent. As Moses went into the tent, the pillar of cloud(O) would come down and stay at the entrance, while the Lord spoke(P) with Moses. 10 Whenever the people saw the pillar of cloud standing at the entrance to the tent, they all stood and worshiped, each at the entrance to their tent.(Q) 11 The Lord would speak to Moses face to face,(R) as one speaks to a friend. Then Moses would return to the camp, but his young aide Joshua(S) son of Nun did not leave the tent.

Moses and the Glory of the Lord

12 Moses said to the Lord, “You have been telling me, ‘Lead these people,’(T) but you have not let me know whom you will send with me. You have said, ‘I know you by name(U) and you have found favor(V) with me.’ 13 If you are pleased with me, teach me your ways(W) so I may know you and continue to find favor with you. Remember that this nation is your people.”(X)

14 The Lord replied, “My Presence(Y) will go with you, and I will give you rest.”(Z)

15 Then Moses said to him, “If your Presence(AA) does not go with us, do not send us up from here. 16 How will anyone know that you are pleased with me and with your people unless you go with us?(AB) What else will distinguish me and your people from all the other people on the face of the earth?”(AC)

17 And the Lord said to Moses, “I will do the very thing you have asked,(AD) because I am pleased with you and I know you by name.”(AE)

18 Then Moses said, “Now show me your glory.”(AF)

19 And the Lord said, “I will cause all my goodness to pass(AG) in front of you, and I will proclaim my name,(AH) the Lord, in your presence. I will have mercy on whom I will have mercy, and I will have compassion on whom I will have compassion.(AI) 20 But,” he said, “you cannot see my face, for no one may see(AJ) me and live.”

21 Then the Lord said, “There is a place near me where you may stand on a rock. 22 When my glory passes by, I will put you in a cleft in the rock(AK) and cover you with my hand(AL) until I have passed by. 23 Then I will remove my hand and you will see my back; but my face must not be seen.”

33 And the Lord spoke to Moses, saying: God, get thee up from this place, thou and thy people which thou has brought out of the land of Egypt, into the land concerning which I swore to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, saying: To thy seed I will give it.

And I will send an angel before thee, that I may cast out the Chanaanite, and the Amorrhite, and the Hethite, and the Pherezite, and the Hevite, and the Jebusite.

That thou mayst enter into the land that floweth with milk and honey. For I will not go up with thee, because thou art a stiffnecked people: lest I destroy thee in the way.

And the people hearing these very bad tidings, mourned: and no man put on his ornaments according to custom.

And the Lord said to Moses: Say to the children of Israel: Thou are a stiffnecked people; once I shall come up in the midst of thee, and shall destroy thee. Now presently lay aside thy ornaments, that I may know what to do with thee.

So the children of Israel laid aside their ornaments by mount Horeb.

Moses also taking the tabernacle, pitched it without the camp afar off, and called the name thereof, The tabernacle of the covenant. And all the people that had any question, went forth to the tabernacle of the covenant, without the camp.

And when Moses went forth to the tabernacle, all the people rose up, and every one stood in the door of his pavilion, and they beheld the back of Moses, till he went into the tabernacle.

And when he was gone into the tabernacle of the covenant, the pillar of the cloud came down, and stood at the door, and he spoke with Moses.

10 And all saw that the pillar of the cloud stood at the door of the tabernacle. And they stood, and worshipped at the doors of their tents.

11 And the Lord spoke to Moses face to face, as a man is wont to speak to his friend. And when he returned into the camp, his servant Josue the son of Nun, a young man, departed not from the tabernacle.

12 And Moses said to the Lord; Thou commandest me to lead forth this people: and thou dost not let me know whom thou wilt send with me, especially whereas thou hast said: I know thee by name, and thou hast found favour in my sight.

13 If therefore I have found favour in thy sight, shew me thy face, that I may know thee, and may find grace before thy eyes: look upon thy people this nation.

14 And the Lord said: My face shall go before thee, and I will give thee rest.

15 And Moses said: If thou thyself dost not go before, bring us not out of this place.

16 For how shall we be able to know, I and thy people, that we have found grace in thy sight, unless thou walk with us, that we may be glorified by all people that dwell upon the earth?

17 And the Lord said to Moses: This word also, which thou hast spoken, will I do: for thou hast found grace before me, and thee I have known by name.

18 And he said: shew me thy glory.

19 He answered: I will shew thee all good, and I will proclaim in the name of the Lord before thee: and I will have mercy on whom I will, and I will be merciful to whom it shall please me.

20 And again he said: Thou canst not see my face: for man shall not see me and live.

21 And again he said: Behold there is a place with me, and thou shalt stand upon the rock.

22 And when my glory shall pass, I will set thee in a hole of the rock, and protect thee with my right hand, till I pass:

23 And I will take away my hand, and thou shalt see my back parts: but my face thou canst not see.

I Will Not Go With You

33 Then the Lord said to Moses, “You and the people you brought out of Egypt must leave this place. Go to the land that I promised to give to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. I promised them that I would give that land to their descendants. So I will send an angel to go before you, and I will defeat the Canaanites, Amorites, Hittites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites. I will force them to leave your land. So go to the land filled with many good things,[a] but I will not go with you. You people are very stubborn. If I go with you, I might destroy you along the way.”

The people heard this bad news and became very sad, so they stopped wearing jewelry. This was because the Lord said to Moses, “Tell the Israelites, ‘You are a stubborn people. I might destroy you even if I travel with you only a short time. So take off all your jewelry while I decide[b] what to do with you.’” So the Israelites stopped wearing their jewelry at Mount Horeb.

The Temporary Meeting Tent

Moses used to take a tent a short way outside the camp. He called it “the meeting tent.[c]” Anyone who wanted to ask something from the Lord would go to the meeting tent outside the camp. Any time Moses went out to the tent, all the people watched him. They stood at the entrance of their tents and watched Moses until he entered the meeting tent. Whenever Moses went into the tent, the tall cloud would come down and stay at the entrance to the tent. And the Lord would speak with Moses. 10 So when the people saw the cloud at the entrance of the tent, they would go to the entrance of their own tents and bow down to worship God.

11 In this way the Lord spoke to Moses face to face like a man speaks with his friend. Then Moses would go back to the camp, but his helper, Joshua son of Nun, always stayed in the tent.

Moses Sees the Glory of the Lord

12 Moses said to the Lord, “You told me to lead these people, but you did not say who you would send with me. You said to me, ‘I know you very well, and I am pleased with you.’ 13 If I have really pleased you, then teach me your ways. I want to know you. Then I can continue to please you. Remember that these people are your nation.”

14 The Lord answered, “I myself will go with you. I will lead you.”[d]

15 Then Moses said to him, “If you don’t go with us, then don’t make us leave this place. 16 Also, how will we know if you are pleased with me and these people? If you go with us, we will know for sure. If you don’t go with us, these people and I will be no different from any other people on the earth.”

17 Then the Lord said to Moses, “I will do what you ask. I will do this because I am pleased with you and because I know you very well.”[e]

18 Then Moses said, “Now, please show me your Glory.”

19 Then the Lord answered, “I will show my love and mercy to anyone I want to. So I will cause my perfect goodness to pass by in front of you, and I will speak my name, Yahweh, so that you can hear it. 20 But you cannot see my face. No one can see me and continue to live.”

21 Then the Lord said, “Here is a place for you to stand by me on this large rock. 22 I will put you in a large crack in that rock. Then I will cover you with my hand, and my Glory will pass by. 23 Then I will take away my hand, and you will see my back. But you will not see my face.”

Footnotes

  1. Exodus 33:3 land … things Literally, “land flowing with milk and honey.”
  2. Exodus 33:5 jewelry … decide This is a wordplay in Hebrew, but people often wore jewelry to remind them of their false gods.
  3. Exodus 33:7 meeting tent This is probably a tent that Moses used only until the real Meeting Tent was built.
  4. Exodus 33:14 lead you Or “give you rest.”
  5. Exodus 33:17 I know you very well Literally, “I know you by name.”

33 And the Lord said unto Moses, Depart, and go up hence, thou and the people which thou hast brought up out of the land of Egypt, unto the land which I sware unto Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob, saying, Unto thy seed will I give it:

And I will send an angel before thee; and I will drive out the Canaanite, the Amorite, and the Hittite, and the Perizzite, the Hivite, and the Jebusite:

Unto a land flowing with milk and honey: for I will not go up in the midst of thee; for thou art a stiffnecked people: lest I consume thee in the way.

And when the people heard these evil tidings, they mourned: and no man did put on him his ornaments.

For the Lord had said unto Moses, Say unto the children of Israel, Ye are a stiffnecked people: I will come up into the midst of thee in a moment, and consume thee: therefore now put off thy ornaments from thee, that I may know what to do unto thee.

And the children of Israel stripped themselves of their ornaments by the mount Horeb.

And Moses took the tabernacle, and pitched it without the camp, afar off from the camp, and called it the Tabernacle of the congregation. And it came to pass, that every one which sought the Lord went out unto the tabernacle of the congregation, which was without the camp.

And it came to pass, when Moses went out unto the tabernacle, that all the people rose up, and stood every man at his tent door, and looked after Moses, until he was gone into the tabernacle.

And it came to pass, as Moses entered into the tabernacle, the cloudy pillar descended, and stood at the door of the tabernacle, and the Lord talked with Moses.

10 And all the people saw the cloudy pillar stand at the tabernacle door: and all the people rose up and worshipped, every man in his tent door.

11 And the Lord spake unto Moses face to face, as a man speaketh unto his friend. And he turned again into the camp: but his servant Joshua, the son of Nun, a young man, departed not out of the tabernacle.

12 And Moses said unto the Lord, See, thou sayest unto me, Bring up this people: and thou hast not let me know whom thou wilt send with me. Yet thou hast said, I know thee by name, and thou hast also found grace in my sight.

13 Now therefore, I pray thee, if I have found grace in thy sight, shew me now thy way, that I may know thee, that I may find grace in thy sight: and consider that this nation is thy people.

14 And he said, My presence shall go with thee, and I will give thee rest.

15 And he said unto him, If thy presence go not with me, carry us not up hence.

16 For wherein shall it be known here that I and thy people have found grace in thy sight? is it not in that thou goest with us? so shall we be separated, I and thy people, from all the people that are upon the face of the earth.

17 And the Lord said unto Moses, I will do this thing also that thou hast spoken: for thou hast found grace in my sight, and I know thee by name.

18 And he said, I beseech thee, shew me thy glory.

19 And he said, I will make all my goodness pass before thee, and I will proclaim the name of the Lord before thee; and will be gracious to whom I will be gracious, and will shew mercy on whom I will shew mercy.

20 And he said, Thou canst not see my face: for there shall no man see me, and live.

21 And the Lord said, Behold, there is a place by me, and thou shalt stand upon a rock:

22 And it shall come to pass, while my glory passeth by, that I will put thee in a clift of the rock, and will cover thee with my hand while I pass by:

23 And I will take away mine hand, and thou shalt see my back parts: but my face shall not be seen.