La fuite d’Elie

19 Achab raconta à la reine Jézabel tout ce qu’avait fait Elie et comment il avait fait périr par l’épée tous les prophètes de Baal. Alors Jézabel envoya un messager à Elie pour lui dire : Que les dieux me punissent très sévèrement si demain, à la même heure, je ne t’ai pas fait subir le sort que tu as infligé à chacun de ces prophètes !

Elie prit peur[a] et s’enfuit pour sauver sa vie. Il se rendit d’abord à Beer-Sheva, dans le territoire de Juda, où il laissa son jeune serviteur. Puis il s’enfonça dans le désert. Après avoir marché toute une journée, il s’assit à l’ombre d’un genêt isolé et demanda la mort : C’en est trop, dit-il ! Maintenant Eternel, prends-moi la vie, car je ne vaux pas mieux que mes ancêtres !

Il se coucha et s’endormit sous le genêt. Soudain, un ange le toucha et lui dit : Lève-toi et mange !

Il regarda et aperçut près de sa tête un de ces gâteaux que l’on cuit sur des pierres chauffées et une cruche pleine d’eau. Il mangea et but, puis se recoucha. L’ange de l’Eternel revint une seconde fois, le toucha et dit : Lève-toi, mange, car autrement le chemin serait trop long pour toi.

Il se leva, mangea et but ; puis, fortifié par cette nourriture, il marcha quarante jours et quarante nuits jusqu’à la montagne de Dieu, à Horeb[b].

A Horeb, l’Eternel se révèle à Elie

Là-bas, il entra dans la grotte[c] et y passa la nuit. Soudain, l’Eternel lui adressa la parole en ces termes : Que viens-tu faire ici, Elie ?

10 Il répondit : J’ai ardemment défendu la cause de l’Eternel, le Dieu des armées célestes, car les Israélites ont abandonné ton alliance et ils ont renversé tes autels, ils ont massacré tes prophètes ; je suis le seul qui reste, et les voilà qui cherchent à me prendre la vie[d].

11 L’Eternel dit : Sors et tiens-toi sur la montagne, devant l’Eternel.

Et voici que l’Eternel passa. Devant lui soufflait un vent si violent qu’il fendait les montagnes et fracassait les rochers. Mais l’Eternel n’était pas dans l’ouragan. Après l’ouragan, il y eut un tremblement de terre. Mais l’Eternel n’était pas dans ce tremblement de terre. 12 Après cela, il y eut un feu ; l’Eternel n’était pas dans ce feu. Enfin, après le feu, ce fut un bruissement doux et léger. 13 Dès qu’Elie l’entendit, il se couvrit le visage d’un pan de son manteau[e] et sortit se placer à l’entrée de la grotte. Et voici que quelqu’un s’adressa à lui : Que fais-tu ici, Elie ?

14 Il répondit : J’ai ardemment défendu la cause de l’Eternel, le Dieu des armées célestes, car les Israélites ont abandonné ton alliance, ils ont renversé tes autels, ils ont massacré tes prophètes ; je suis le seul qui reste et les voilà qui cherchent à me prendre la vie.

15 L’Eternel lui dit : Va, retourne sur tes pas, à travers le désert, jusqu’à Damas[f] ; quand tu seras arrivé, tu oindras Hazaël comme roi de Syrie[g]. 16 Puis tu iras oindre Jéhu, fils de Nimshi, comme roi d’Israël[h] ; tu oindras aussi Elisée, fils de Shaphath, d’Abel-Mehola[i], comme prophète pour te remplacer. 17 Tout homme qui échappera à l’épée de Hazaël sera mis à mort par Jéhu, et tous ceux qui échapperont à l’épée de Jéhu seront mis à mort par Elisée. 18 Toutefois, j’épargnerai en Israël les sept mille hommes qui ne se sont jamais agenouillés devant Baal[j] et qui ne l’ont jamais baisé de leurs lèvres[k].

Elie appelle Elisée à lui succéder

19 Elie partit de là et rencontra Elisée, fils de Shaphath, qui était en train de labourer un champ avec douze paires de bœufs. Lui-même conduisait le douzième attelage[l]. Elie s’approcha de lui et jeta son manteau sur lui. 20 Elisée abandonna ses bœufs, courut derrière Elie et dit : Je vais aller embrasser mon père et ma mère pour prendre congé d’eux, puis je te suivrai.

Elie lui répondit : Va et reviens à cause de ce que je t’ai fait.

21 Elisée quitta Elie, prit une paire de bœufs et l’offrit en sacrifice. Il se servit du bois de l’attelage pour faire cuire la viande et la distribua aux siens qui la mangèrent. Puis il se mit en route pour suivre Elie et être à son service.

Footnotes

  1. 19.3 Sens obtenu en modifiant la vocalisation du texte hébreu traditionnel, selon l’ancienne version grecque, la version syriaque et la Vulgate. La vocalisation du texte hébreu traditionnel donne le sens : Elie vit.
  2. 19.8 Autre nom pour le Sinaï où Dieu s’est révélé à Moïse (Ex 3.1 ; 19.1-3). Entre Beer-Sheva et le Sinaï, il y avait près de 400 kilomètres.
  3. 19.9 Peut-être la caverne où Dieu s’était révélé à Moïse (Ex 33.18-23).
  4. 19.10 Cité en Rm 11.3.
  5. 19.13 Parce que nulle créature ne peut voir Dieu et vivre (voir Ex 33.20-23 ; Es 6.2, 5).
  6. 19.15 Capitale du royaume de Syrie (Aram), au nord d’Israël ; un trajet de plus de 500 kilomètres.
  7. 19.15 Voir 2 R 8.7-13.
  8. 19.16 Voir 2 R 9.1-6.
  9. 19.16 Dans la vallée du Jourdain, au sud du lac de Galilée (voir Jg 7.22 ; 1 R 4.12).
  10. 19.18 Cité en Rm 11.4.
  11. 19.18 Geste d’adoration d’une idole (voir 1 R 8.54 ; Jb 31.27 ; Es 45.23 ; Os 13.2).
  12. 19.19 Autre traduction : un champ de douze arpents. Il en était au douzième.

Elijah Runs from Jezebel

19 Now Ahab told Jezebel all that Elijah had done, and [a](A)how he had killed all the prophets with the sword. Then Jezebel sent a messenger to Elijah, saying, “(B)So may the gods do to me and even more, if I do not make your [b]life as the [c]life of one of them by about this time tomorrow.” And he [d]was afraid and arose and [e]ran for his [f]life and came to (C)Beersheba, which belongs to Judah, and left his young man there. But he himself went a day’s journey into the wilderness, and came and sat down under a broom tree; and (D)he asked for himself that he might die, and said, “It is enough; now, O Yahweh, take my [g]life, for I am not better than my fathers.” Then he lay down and slept under a broom tree; and behold, there was (E)an angel touching him, and he said to him, “Arise, eat.” Then he looked and behold, there was at his head a bread cake baked on hot stones, and a jar of water. So he ate and drank and lay down again. And the angel of Yahweh came again a second time and touched him and said, “Arise, eat, because the journey is too great for you.” So he arose and ate and drank, and went in the strength of that food (F)forty days and forty nights to (G)Horeb, the mountain of God.

Elijah at Horeb

Then he came there to a cave and lodged there; and behold, (H)the word of Yahweh came to him, and He said to him, “What are you doing here, Elijah?” 10 And he said, “(I)I have been very zealous for Yahweh, the God of hosts; for the sons of Israel have forsaken Your covenant, (J)pulled down Your altars and killed Your prophets with the sword. And (K)I alone am left; and they seek my life, to take it away.”

11 So He said, “(L)Go forth and stand on the mountain before Yahweh.” And behold, Yahweh was passing by! And (M)a great and strong wind was tearing up the mountains and breaking in pieces the rocks before Yahweh; but Yahweh was not in the wind. And after the wind an earthquake, but Yahweh was not in the earthquake. 12 Then after the earthquake a fire, but Yahweh was not in the fire; and after the fire (N)a sound of a thin [h]gentle whisper. 13 Now it happened that when Elijah heard it, (O)he wrapped his face in his mantle and went out and stood in the entrance of the cave. And behold, (P)a voice came to him and said, “What are you doing here, Elijah?” 14 Then he said, “(Q)I have been very zealous for Yahweh, the God of hosts; for the sons of Israel have forsaken Your covenant, pulled down Your altars and killed Your prophets with the sword. And I alone am left; and they seek my life, to take it away.”

15 And Yahweh said to him, “Go, return on your way to the wilderness of Damascus, and you will arrive and (R)anoint Hazael king over Aram; 16 and (S)Jehu the son of Nimshi you shall anoint king over Israel; and (T)Elisha the son of Shaphat of Abel-meholah you shall anoint as prophet in your place. 17 And it will be that the (U)one who escapes from the sword of Hazael, Jehu (V)shall put to death, and the one who escapes from the sword of Jehu, Elisha shall put to death. 18 (W)Yet I will leave 7,000 in Israel, all the knees that have not bowed to Baal and every mouth that has not (X)kissed him.”

Elijah Puts the Mantle on Elisha

19 So he went from there and found Elisha the son of Shaphat, while he was plowing with twelve pairs of oxen before him, and he with the twelfth. And Elijah passed over to him and threw (Y)his mantle on him. 20 So he forsook the oxen and ran after Elijah and said, “Please (Z)let me kiss my father and my mother, then I will follow you.” And he said to him, “Go back again, for what have I done to you?” 21 So he returned from following him, and took the pair of oxen and sacrificed them and (AA)boiled their flesh with the implements of the oxen, and gave it to the people and they ate. Then he arose and followed Elijah and ministered to him.

Footnotes

  1. 1 Kings 19:1 Lit all about how
  2. 1 Kings 19:2 Lit soul
  3. 1 Kings 19:2 Lit soul
  4. 1 Kings 19:3 As in many mss; Heb possibly saw
  5. 1 Kings 19:3 Lit he went
  6. 1 Kings 19:3 Lit soul
  7. 1 Kings 19:4 Lit soul
  8. 1 Kings 19:12 Lit silence

Elijah Flees to Horeb

19 Now Ahab told Jezebel(A) everything Elijah had done and how he had killed(B) all the prophets with the sword. So Jezebel sent a messenger to Elijah to say, “May the gods deal with me, be it ever so severely,(C) if by this time tomorrow I do not make your life like that of one of them.”(D)

Elijah was afraid[a] and ran(E) for his life.(F) When he came to Beersheba(G) in Judah, he left his servant there, while he himself went a day’s journey into the wilderness. He came to a broom bush,(H) sat down under it and prayed that he might die. “I have had enough, Lord,” he said. “Take my life;(I) I am no better than my ancestors.” Then he lay down under the bush and fell asleep.(J)

All at once an angel(K) touched him and said, “Get up and eat.” He looked around, and there by his head was some bread baked over hot coals, and a jar of water. He ate and drank and then lay down again.

The angel of the Lord came back a second time and touched him and said, “Get up and eat, for the journey is too much for you.” So he got up and ate and drank. Strengthened by that food, he traveled forty(L) days and forty nights until he reached Horeb,(M) the mountain of God. There he went into a cave(N) and spent the night.

The Lord Appears to Elijah

And the word of the Lord came to him: “What are you doing here, Elijah?”(O)

10 He replied, “I have been very zealous(P) for the Lord God Almighty. The Israelites have rejected your covenant,(Q) torn down your altars,(R) and put your prophets to death with the sword. I am the only one left,(S) and now they are trying to kill me too.”

11 The Lord said, “Go out and stand on the mountain(T) in the presence of the Lord, for the Lord is about to pass by.”(U)

Then a great and powerful wind(V) tore the mountains apart and shattered(W) the rocks before the Lord, but the Lord was not in the wind. After the wind there was an earthquake, but the Lord was not in the earthquake. 12 After the earthquake came a fire,(X) but the Lord was not in the fire. And after the fire came a gentle whisper.(Y) 13 When Elijah heard it, he pulled his cloak over his face(Z) and went out and stood at the mouth of the cave.

Then a voice said to him, “What are you doing here, Elijah?”

14 He replied, “I have been very zealous for the Lord God Almighty. The Israelites have rejected your covenant, torn down your altars, and put your prophets to death with the sword. I am the only one left,(AA) and now they are trying to kill me too.”

15 The Lord said to him, “Go back the way you came, and go to the Desert of Damascus. When you get there, anoint Hazael(AB) king over Aram. 16 Also, anoint(AC) Jehu son of Nimshi king over Israel, and anoint Elisha(AD) son of Shaphat from Abel Meholah(AE) to succeed you as prophet. 17 Jehu will put to death any who escape the sword of Hazael,(AF) and Elisha will put to death any who escape the sword of Jehu.(AG) 18 Yet I reserve(AH) seven thousand in Israel—all whose knees have not bowed down to Baal and whose mouths have not kissed(AI) him.”

The Call of Elisha

19 So Elijah went from there and found Elisha son of Shaphat. He was plowing with twelve yoke of oxen, and he himself was driving the twelfth pair. Elijah went up to him and threw his cloak(AJ) around him. 20 Elisha then left his oxen and ran after Elijah. “Let me kiss my father and mother goodbye,”(AK) he said, “and then I will come with you.”

“Go back,” Elijah replied. “What have I done to you?”

21 So Elisha left him and went back. He took his yoke of oxen(AL) and slaughtered them. He burned the plowing equipment to cook the meat and gave it to the people, and they ate. Then he set out to follow Elijah and became his servant.(AM)

Footnotes

  1. 1 Kings 19:3 Or Elijah saw

19 And Ahab told Jezebel all that Elijah had done, and withal how he had slain all the prophets with the sword.

Then Jezebel sent a messenger unto Elijah, saying, So let the gods do to me, and more also, if I make not thy life as the life of one of them by to morrow about this time.

And when he saw that, he arose, and went for his life, and came to Beersheba, which belongeth to Judah, and left his servant there.

But he himself went a day's journey into the wilderness, and came and sat down under a juniper tree: and he requested for himself that he might die; and said, It is enough; now, O Lord, take away my life; for I am not better than my fathers.

And as he lay and slept under a juniper tree, behold, then an angel touched him, and said unto him, Arise and eat.

And he looked, and, behold, there was a cake baken on the coals, and a cruse of water at his head. And he did eat and drink, and laid him down again.

And the angel of the Lord came again the second time, and touched him, and said, Arise and eat; because the journey is too great for thee.

And he arose, and did eat and drink, and went in the strength of that meat forty days and forty nights unto Horeb the mount of God.

And he came thither unto a cave, and lodged there; and, behold, the word of the Lord came to him, and he said unto him, What doest thou here, Elijah?

10 And he said, I have been very jealous for the Lord God of hosts: for the children of Israel have forsaken thy covenant, thrown down thine altars, and slain thy prophets with the sword; and I, even I only, am left; and they seek my life, to take it away.

11 And he said, Go forth, and stand upon the mount before the Lord. And, behold, the Lord passed by, and a great and strong wind rent the mountains, and brake in pieces the rocks before the Lord; but the Lord was not in the wind: and after the wind an earthquake; but the Lord was not in the earthquake:

12 And after the earthquake a fire; but the Lord was not in the fire: and after the fire a still small voice.

13 And it was so, when Elijah heard it, that he wrapped his face in his mantle, and went out, and stood in the entering in of the cave. And, behold, there came a voice unto him, and said, What doest thou here, Elijah?

14 And he said, I have been very jealous for the Lord God of hosts: because the children of Israel have forsaken thy covenant, thrown down thine altars, and slain thy prophets with the sword; and I, even I only, am left; and they seek my life, to take it away.

15 And the Lord said unto him, Go, return on thy way to the wilderness of Damascus: and when thou comest, anoint Hazael to be king over Syria:

16 And Jehu the son of Nimshi shalt thou anoint to be king over Israel: and Elisha the son of Shaphat of Abelmeholah shalt thou anoint to be prophet in thy room.

17 And it shall come to pass, that him that escapeth the sword of Hazael shall Jehu slay: and him that escapeth from the sword of Jehu shall Elisha slay.

18 Yet I have left me seven thousand in Israel, all the knees which have not bowed unto Baal, and every mouth which hath not kissed him.

19 So he departed thence, and found Elisha the son of Shaphat, who was plowing with twelve yoke of oxen before him, and he with the twelfth: and Elijah passed by him, and cast his mantle upon him.

20 And he left the oxen, and ran after Elijah, and said, Let me, I pray thee, kiss my father and my mother, and then I will follow thee. And he said unto him, Go back again: for what have I done to thee?

21 And he returned back from him, and took a yoke of oxen, and slew them, and boiled their flesh with the instruments of the oxen, and gave unto the people, and they did eat. Then he arose, and went after Elijah, and ministered unto him.