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신명기 32
Korean Living Bible
신명기 32
Korean Living Bible
32 “하늘이여, 땅이여,
내 말을 들어라!
2 내 교훈은 비처럼 내리고
이슬처럼 맺히며
연한 풀밭 위에 내리는 보슬비요
채소에 내리는 단비라네.
3 내가 여호와의 이름을 선포하리니
너희는 우리 하나님의
위대하심을 찬양하라!
4 그는 반석이시요
그의 일은 완전하며
그가 하는 모든 일이 공정하니
그는 진실하고 정직한 분이시다.
5 “이스라엘이 부패하여 악을 행하니
이제 하나님의 자녀가 아니요,
고집스럽고 비뚤어진 민족이구나.
6 어리석고 미련한 백성들아,
이것이 여호와께
보답하는 길이냐?
그는 너희 아버지요
창조주가 아니시냐?
그가 너희를
강한 민족으로 세우셨다.
7 “지난날을 회상해 보아라!
과거의 모든 역사를
생각해 보아라!
너희 [a]부모들과
나이 많은 어른들에게
물어 보아라!
그들이 너희에게
설명해 줄 것이다.
8 하나님이 모든 민족들에게
땅을 나누어 주실 때,
모든 인종을 구분하실 때에,
각 민족들의 경계를 정하셨다.
9 여호와께서
이스라엘을 택하셨으니
야곱의 후손이
그의 백성이 되었네.
10 “여호와께서 사막 같은 땅에서,
짐승이 울부짖는 광야에서,
그들을 자기 눈동자처럼
보호하고 지켜 주셨으니
11 독수리가 그 보금자리를 흔들어
새끼가 떨어지면
날개를 펴서
새끼를 받아 올리듯 하셨네.
12 여호와께서 자기 백성을
혼자 인도하셨고
그들을 도와준 다른 신이 없었다.
13 “여호와께서 기름진 고원을
그들에게 주셔서
그들이
밭의 농산물을 먹게 하시고
바위에서 꿀을 빨게 하시며
단단한 바위에서
기름을 얻게 하셨다.
14 그가 우유와 고기를 주시고
살진 양과 염소와
좋은 밀을 먹게 하시며
맛있는 포도주를 마시게 하셨네.
15 “[b]이스라엘이 살찌고
비대하며 윤택해지자
자기를 창조하신
하나님을 저버리고,
자기들의 반석 되신
구원자를 멸시하였다.
16 그들이 이방 신을 섬기므로
여호와께서 질투하시고,
그들이 악을 행하므로
여호와께서 분노하셨다.
17 그들이 하나님이 아닌
마귀에게 제사하였으니
그들이 알지 못한 신,
최근에 나타난 신,
그들의 조상들이
두려워하지 않은 신이었다.
18 그들은 자기들을 낳은
반석 되신 하나님을 잊어버렸다.
19 “여호와께서 이것을 보시고
그들을 미워하셨으니
그의 자녀들이
그를 노하게 하셨음이라.
20 여호와께서 이런 말씀을 하셨다.
‘내가 그들을 외면하고
그들의 종말을 지켜 볼 것이니
그들은 악하고
신실하지 못한 백성임이라.
21 그들이 신이 아닌 것으로
나를 질투하게 하고,
무가치한 우상으로
나를 분노하게 하였으니
[c]나도 내 백성이 아닌 사람들에게
애정을 주어
그들을 질투하게 하고
어리석은 민족으로
그들을 분노하게 하리라.
22 내 분노가 불같이 일어나
[d]땅 속 깊은 곳까지 태우며
땅에 있는 모든 것을 삼키고
산들의 터를 소멸하리라.
23 내가 그들에게
끝없는 재앙을 내리고
그들에게 내 화살을
마구 쏠 것이다.
24 내가 그들에게 심한 기근과
무서운 전염병을 보내고
사나운 들짐승과 독사로
그들을 해하리라.
25 밖에서는 칼날에 죽고
집 안에서는
겁에 질려 쓰러질 것이니
젊은 남녀와 젖먹이와
백발 노인이 다 멸망하리라.
26 내가 그들을 완전히 없애 버려
아무도 그들을
기억하지 못하게 하려고 하였으나
27 그들의 원수들이 오해하여
나 여호와가 이렇게 한 것이 아니라
자기들이 내 백성을 멸망시켰다고
자랑하며 우쭐댈까 두렵구나.’
28 “이스라엘은
어리석고 지혜가 없는 민족이다.
29 그들이 지혜가 있어서
패망할 것을 알고
자기들의 종말이
어떻게 될 것인지 알았더라면!
30 그들의 반석 되시는 하나님이
그들을 버리지 않고
여호와께서 그들을
내주지 않는다면
어떻게 한 사람의 적이
천 명을 추격하고
두 사람의 적이
만 명을 도망치게 할 수 있겠는가?
31 원수들의 신이
우리 하나님과 같지 않으니
그들도 이 사실을 인정하는구나.
32 그들은 소돔과 고모라 사람들처럼
부패하여
[e]그 행위가 쓰고 독한 열매를 맺는
포도나무 같으며,
33 독사의 독으로 만든 독주와 같다.
34 “ ‘이것이 내 창고에 쌓여
밀봉되어 있지 않은가?
35 원수 갚는 것은 나의 일이다.
내가 갚아 주겠다.
환난 날이 가깝고
멸망의 때가 속히 오리라.’
36 “여호와께서 자기 백성을
심판하실 것이며
자기 종들이 무력해지고
종이나 자유인이나
남은 자가 없을 때
그들을 불쌍히 여기실 것이다.
37 “여호와께서
이런 말씀을 하시리라.
‘그들의 신들이 어디 있으며,
그들이 피난처로 생각하던
반석이 어디 있느냐?
38 그들이 제사지낸 기름을 먹고
포도주를 마시던 신들아,
너희는 지금 어디 있느냐?
일어나서 그들을 도와라.
39 나만 하나님인 것을
알지 못하느냐?
나 외에는 참된 신이 없다.
내가 죽이기도 하고 살리기도 하며
상하게도 하고 고치기도 하는데
내가 하는 일을
누가 막을 수 있겠는가?
40 내가 하늘을 향해 손을 들고
분명히 말하지만
41 내가 심판의 칼을 갈아
내 원수들과
나를 미워하는 자에게 복수하리라.
42 내 화살이
그들의 피로 물들 것이며
내 칼이 그들을 죽일 것이니
피를 흘릴 자는
피살자와 포로들과 적장들이다.’
43 “만민들아,
여호와의 백성과 함께 기뻐하라.
여호와께서
자기 종들의 원수들을 죽이시고
그들에게 보복하여
[f]자기 땅과 백성을
깨끗하게 하시리라.”
44-45 모세는 눈의 아들 여호수아와 함께 이 모든 노래를 낭송한 다음에
46 백성들에게 이렇게 말하였다. “여러분은 오늘 내가 전한 이 모든 말씀을 마음에 잘 간직하고 여러분의 자녀들에게도 가르쳐 지키게 하십시오.
47 이것은 헛된 말이 아니라 바로 여러분의 생명입니다. 여러분이 이 말씀을 지켜야 요단강을 건너가 살 그 땅에서 오래오래 살게 될 것입니다.”
모세의 죽음에 대한 예고
48 바로 그 날 여호와께서 모세에게 말씀하셨다.
49 “너는 여리고 맞은편 모압 땅에 있는 아바림 산맥의 느보산에 올라가서 내가 이스라엘 백성에게 줄 가나안 땅을 바라보아라.
50 너의 형 아론이 호르산에서 죽었던 것처럼 너는 그 산에서 죽게 될 것이다.
51 이것은 너희가 진 광야에 있는 가데스의 므리바 샘에서 범죄하여 이스라엘 백성에게 나의 거룩함을 나타내지 않았기 때문이다.
52 너는 내가 이스라엘 백성에게 줄 그 땅을 멀리서 바라보기만 하고 들어가지는 못할 것이다.”
Deuteronomy 32
New English Translation
Deuteronomy 32
New English Translation
Invocation of Witnesses
32 Listen, O heavens, and I will speak;
hear, O earth, the words of my mouth.
2 My teaching will drop like the rain,
my sayings will drip like the dew,[a]
as rain drops upon the grass,
and showers upon new growth.
3 For I will proclaim the name[b] of the Lord;
you must acknowledge the greatness of our God.
4 As for the Rock,[c] his work is perfect,
for all his ways are just.
He is a reliable God who is never unjust,
he is fair[d] and upright.
5 His people have been unfaithful[e] to him;
they have not acted like his children[f]—this is their sin.[g]
They are a perverse[h] and deceitful generation.
6 Is this how you repay[i] the Lord,
you foolish, unwise people?
Is he not your father, your Creator?
He has made you and established you.
7 Remember the ancient days;
bear in mind[j] the years of past generations.[k]
Ask your father and he will inform you,
your elders, and they will tell you.
8 When the Most High[l] gave the nations their inheritance,
when he divided up humankind,[m]
he set the boundaries of the peoples,
according to the number of the heavenly assembly.[n]
9 For the Lord’s allotment is his people,
Jacob is his special possession.[o]
10 The Lord[p] found him[q] in a desolate land,[r]
in an empty wasteland where animals howl.[s]
He continually guarded him[t] and taught him;[u]
he continually protected him[v] like the pupil[w] of his eye.
11 Like an eagle that stirs up[x] its nest,
that hovers over its young,
so the Lord[y] spread out his wings and took him,[z]
he lifted him up on his pinions.
12 The Lord alone was guiding him,[aa]
no foreign god was with him.
13 He enabled him[ab] to travel over the high terrain of the land,
and he ate of the produce of the fields.
He provided honey for him from the cliffs,[ac]
and olive oil[ad] from the hardest of[ae] rocks,[af]
14 butter from the herd
and milk from the flock,
along with the fat of lambs,
rams and goats of Bashan,
along with the best of the kernels of wheat;
and from the juice[ag] of grapes you drank wine.
Israel’s Rebellion
15 But Jeshurun[ah] became fat and kicked;
you[ai] got fat, thick, and stuffed!
Then he deserted the God who made him,
and treated the Rock who saved him with contempt.
16 They made him jealous with other gods,[aj]
they enraged him with abhorrent idols.[ak]
17 They sacrificed to demons, not God,
to gods they had not known;
to new gods who had recently come along,
gods your ancestors[al] had not known about.
18 You forgot[am] the Rock who fathered you,
and put out of mind the God who gave you birth.
A Word of Judgment
19 But the Lord took note and despised them
because his sons and daughters enraged him.
20 He said, “I will reject them.[an]
I will see what will happen to them;
for they are a perverse generation,
children[ao] who show no loyalty.
21 They have made me jealous[ap] with false gods,[aq]
enraging me with their worthless gods;[ar]
so I will make them jealous with a people they do not recognize,[as]
with a nation slow to learn[at] I will enrage them.
22 For a fire has been kindled by my anger,
and it burns to lowest Sheol;[au]
it consumes the earth and its produce,
and ignites the foundations of the mountains.
23 I will increase their[av] disasters;
I will use up my arrows on them.
24 They will be starved by famine,
eaten by plague, and bitterly stung;[aw]
I will send the teeth of wild animals against them,
along with the poison of creatures that crawl in the dust.
25 The sword will make people childless outside,
and terror will do so inside;
they will destroy[ax] both the young man and the virgin,
the infant and the gray-haired man.
The Weakness of Other Gods
26 “I said, ‘I want to cut them in pieces.[ay]
I want to make people forget they ever existed.
27 But I fear the reaction[az] of their enemies,
for[ba] their adversaries would misunderstand
and say, “Our power is great,[bb]
and the Lord has not done all this!”’
28 They are a nation devoid of wisdom,
and there is no understanding among them.
29 I wish that they were wise and could understand this,
and that they could comprehend what will happen to them.”
30 How can one man chase a thousand of them,[bc]
and two pursue ten thousand,
unless their Rock had delivered them up[bd]—
and the Lord had handed them over?
31 For our enemies’[be] rock is not like our Rock,
as even our enemies concede.
32 For their vine is from the stock[bf] of Sodom,
and from the fields of Gomorrah.[bg]
Their grapes contain venom;
their clusters of grapes are bitter.
33 Their wine is snakes’ poison,
the deadly venom of cobras.
34 “Is this not stored up with me?” says the Lord,[bh]
“Is it not sealed up in my storehouses?
35 I will get revenge and pay them back
at the time their foot slips;
for the day of their disaster is near,
and the impending judgment[bi] is rushing upon them!”
36 The Lord will judge his people,
and will change his plans concerning[bj] his servants;
when he sees that their power has disappeared,
and that no one is left, whether confined or set free.
37 He will say, “Where are their gods,
the rock in whom they sought security,
38 who ate the best of their sacrifices,
and drank the wine of their drink offerings?
Let them rise and help you;
let them be your refuge!
The Vindication of the Lord
39 “See now that I, indeed I, am he!” says the Lord,[bk]
“and there is no other god besides me.
I kill and give life,
I smash and I heal,
and none can resist[bl] my power.
40 For I raise up my hand to heaven,
and say, ‘As surely as I live forever,
41 I will sharpen my lightning-like sword,
and my hand will grasp hold of the weapon of judgment;[bm]
I will execute vengeance on my foes,
and repay those who hate me![bn]
42 I will make my arrows drunk with blood,
and my sword will devour flesh—
the blood of the slaughtered and captured,
the chief[bo] of the enemy’s leaders.’”
43 Cry out, O nations, with his people,
for he will avenge his servants’ blood;
he will take vengeance against his enemies,
and make atonement for his land and people.
Narrative Interlude
44 Then Moses went with Joshua[bp] son of Nun and recited all the words of this song to the people. 45 When Moses finished reciting all these words to all Israel 46 he said to them, “Keep in mind all the words I am solemnly proclaiming to you today; you must command your children to observe carefully all the words of this law. 47 For this is no idle word for you—it is your life! By this word you will live a long time in the land you are about to cross the Jordan to possess.”
Instructions about Moses’ Death
48 Then the Lord said to Moses that same day, 49 “Go up to this Abarim[bq] hill country, to Mount Nebo (which is in the land of Moab opposite Jericho), and look at the land of Canaan that I am giving to the Israelites as a possession. 50 You will die[br] on the mountain that you ascend and join your deceased ancestors,[bs] just as Aaron your brother died on Mount Hor[bt] and joined his deceased ancestors, 51 for both of you[bu] rebelled against me among the Israelites at the waters of Meribah Kadesh in the wilderness of Zin when you did not show me proper respect[bv] among the Israelites. 52 You will see the land before you, but you will not enter the land that I am giving to the Israelites.”
Footnotes
- Deuteronomy 32:2 tn Or “mist,” “light drizzle.” In some contexts the term appears to refer to light rain, rather than dew.
- Deuteronomy 32:3 tc Smr and Tg read “in the name.”
- Deuteronomy 32:4 tc The LXX reads Θεός (theos, “God”) for the MT’s “Rock.”sn The Hebrew term depicts God as a rocky summit where one may find safety and protection. Within a covenantal context it serves as a reminder to the people that their God has committed himself to their protection in return for their allegiance.
- Deuteronomy 32:4 tn Or “just” (KJV, NAB, NRSV, NLT) or “righteous” (NASB).
- Deuteronomy 32:5 tc The third person masculine singular שָׁחַת (shakhat) is rendered as third person masculine plural by Smr, a reading supported by the plural suffix on מוּם (mum, “defect”) as well as the plural of בֵּן (ben, “sons”).tn Heb “have acted corruptly” (so NASB, NIV, NLT); NRSV “have dealt falsely.”
- Deuteronomy 32:5 tn Heb “(they are) not his sons.”
- Deuteronomy 32:5 tn Heb “defect” (so NASB). This highly elliptical line suggests that Israel’s major fault was its failure to act like God’s people; in fact, they acted quite the contrary.
- Deuteronomy 32:5 tn Heb “twisted,” “crooked.” See Ps 18:26.
- Deuteronomy 32:6 tn Or “treat” (TEV).
- Deuteronomy 32:7 tc The Syriac, Targum, and Vulgate read second person masculine singular whereas the MT has second person masculine plural. The former is preferred, the latter perhaps being a misreading (בִּינוּ [binu] for בִּינָה [binah]). Both the preceding (“remember”) and following (“ask”) imperatives are singular forms in the Hebrew text.
- Deuteronomy 32:7 tn Heb “generation and generation.” The repetition of the singular noun here singles out each of the successive past generations. See IBHS 116 §7.2.3b.
- Deuteronomy 32:8 tn The Hebrew term עֶלְיוֹן (ʿelyon) is an abbreviated form of the divine name El Elyon, frequently translated “God Most High” (so here NCV, CEV) or something similar. This full name (or epithet) occurs only in Gen 14, though the two elements are parallel in Pss 73:11; 107:11; etc. Here it is clear that Elyon has to do with the nations in general whereas in v. 9, by contrast, Yahweh relates specifically to Israel. See T. Fretheim, NIDOTTE 1:400-401. The title depicts God as the sovereign ruler of the world, who is enthroned high above his dominion.
- Deuteronomy 32:8 tn Heb “the sons of man” (so NASB); or “the sons of Adam” (so KJV).
- Deuteronomy 32:8 tc Heb “the sons of Israel.” The idea, perhaps, is that Israel was central to Yahweh’s purposes and all other nations were arranged and distributed according to how they related to Israel. See S. R. Driver, Deuteronomy (ICC), 355-56. For the MT יִשְׂרָאֵל בְּנֵי (bene yisraʾel, “sons of Israel”) a Qumran fragment has “sons of God,” while the LXX reads ἀγγέλων θεοῦ (angelōn theou, “angels of God”), presupposing בְּנֵי אֵל (bene ʾel) or בְּנֵי אֵלִים (bene ʾelim). “Sons of God” is undoubtedly the original reading; the MT and LXX have each interpreted it differently. MT assumes that the expression “sons of God” refers to Israel (cf. Hos. 1:10), while LXX has assumed that the phrase refers to the angelic heavenly assembly (Pss 29:1; 89:6; cf. as well Ps 82). The phrase is also attested in Ugaritic, where it refers to the high god El’s divine assembly. According to the latter view, which is reflected in the translation, the Lord delegated jurisdiction over the nations to his angelic host (cf. Dan. 10:13-21), while reserving for himself Israel, over whom he rules directly. For a defense of the view taken here, see M. S. Heiser, “Deuteronomy 32:8 and the Sons of God,” BSac 158 (2001): 52-74.
- Deuteronomy 32:9 tc Heb “the portion of his inheritance.” The LXX and Smr add “Israel” and BHS suggests the reconstruction: “The Lord’s allotment is Jacob, the portion of his inheritance is Israel” (cf. NAB). While providing good parallelism, it destroys a fine chiastic structure: “allotment” (a), “his people” (b), “Jacob (b’), and “inheritance” (a’).
- Deuteronomy 32:10 tn Heb “he.” The referent (the Lord) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
- Deuteronomy 32:10 tn The reference is to “his people/Jacob” (cf. v. 9), that is, Israel (using a collective singular). The singular pronouns are replaced by plural ones throughout vv. 10-14 by some English versions as an aid to the modern reader (cf. NAB, NCV, TEV, NLT).
- Deuteronomy 32:10 tn Heb “a land of wilderness.” A מִדְבָּר (midbar, “wilderness”) refers to a dry region which is characterized as receiving less than twelve inches of rain per year. It therefore cannot support trees and may or may not have sparse vegetation (if receiving less than six inches of rain). The point of the poetic image is that it is desolate.
- Deuteronomy 32:10 tn Heb “in an empty, howling wasteland.” The word “howling” is derived from a verbal root that typically refers to the wailing of mourners. Here it likely refers to the howling of desert animals, or perhaps to the howling wind, in which case one may translate, “in an empty, windy wasteland.”
- Deuteronomy 32:10 tn Heb “was surrounding him.” The distinctive form of the suffix on this verb form indicates that the verb is an imperfect, not a preterite. As such it draws attention to God’s continuing care during the period in view. See A. F. Rainey, “The Ancient Hebrew Prefix Conjugation in the Light of Amarnah Canaanite,” Hebrew Studies 27 (1986): 15-16.
- Deuteronomy 32:10 tn Heb “he gave him understanding.” The form of the suffix on this verb form indicates that the verb is a preterite, not an imperfect. As such it simply states the action factually. See A. F. Rainey, “The Ancient Hebrew Prefix Conjugation in the Light of Amarnah Canaanite,” Hebrew Studies 27 (1986): 15-16.
- Deuteronomy 32:10 tn The distinctive form of the suffix on this verb form indicates that the verb is an imperfect, not a preterite. As such it draws attention to God’s continuing protection during the period in view. See A. F. Rainey, “The Ancient Hebrew Prefix Conjugation in the Light of Amarnah Canaanite,” Hebrew Studies 27 (1986): 15-16.
- Deuteronomy 32:10 tn Heb “the little man.” The term אִישׁוֹן (ʾishon) means literally “little man,” perhaps because when one looks into another’s eyes he sees himself reflected there in miniature. See A. Harman, NIDOTTE 1:391.
- Deuteronomy 32:11 tn The prefixed verbal form is an imperfect, indicating habitual or typical behavior. The parallel verb (cf. “hovers” in the next line) is used in the same manner.
- Deuteronomy 32:11 tn Heb “he”; the referent (the Lord) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
- Deuteronomy 32:11 tn The form of the suffix on this and the following verb forms (cf. “lifted him up”) indicates that the verbs are preterites, not imperfects. As such they simply state the action factually. The use of the preterite here suggests that the preceding verb (cf. “spread out”) is preterite as well.
- Deuteronomy 32:12 tn The distinctive form of the suffix on this verb form indicates that the verb is an imperfect, not a preterite. As such it draws attention to God’s continuing guidance during the period in view.
- Deuteronomy 32:13 tn The form of the suffix on this verbal form indicates that the verb is a preterite, not an imperfect. As such it simply states the action factually. Note as well the preterites with vav (ו) consecutive that follow in the verse.
- Deuteronomy 32:13 tn Heb “he made him suck honey from the rock.”
- Deuteronomy 32:13 tn Heb “oil,” but this probably refers to olive oil; see note on the word “rock” at the end of this verse.
- Deuteronomy 32:13 tn Heb “flinty.”
- Deuteronomy 32:13 sn Olive oil from rock probably suggests olive trees growing on rocky ledges and yet doing so productively. See E. H. Merrill, Deuteronomy (NAC), 415; cf. TEV “their olive trees flourished in stony ground.”
- Deuteronomy 32:14 tn Heb “blood,” a figurative image based on the color of the juice.
- Deuteronomy 32:15 tn To make the continuity of the referent clear, some English versions substitute “Jacob” here (NAB, NRSV) while others replace “Jeshurun” with “Israel” (NCV, CEV, NLT) or “the Lord’s people” (TEV).sn Jeshurun is a term of affection derived from the Hebrew verb יָשַׁר (yashar, “be upright”). Here it speaks of Israel “in an ideal situation, with its ‘uprightness’ due more to God’s help than his own efforts” (M. Mulder, TDOT 6:475).
- Deuteronomy 32:15 tc The LXX reads the third person masculine singular (“he”) for the MT second person masculine singular (“you”), but such alterations are unnecessary in Hebrew poetic texts where subjects fluctuate frequently and without warning.
- Deuteronomy 32:16 tc Heb “with strange (things).” The Vulgate actually supplies diis (“gods”).
- Deuteronomy 32:16 tn Heb “abhorrent (things)” (cf. NRSV). A number of English versions understand this as referring to “idols” (NAB, NIV, NCV, CEV), while NLT supplies “acts.”
- Deuteronomy 32:17 tn Heb “your fathers.”
- Deuteronomy 32:18 tc The Hebrew text is uncertain here; the translation follows the suggestion offered in HALOT 1477 s.v. שׁיה. Cf. NASB, NLT “You neglected”; NIV “You deserted”; NRSV “You were unmindful of.”
- Deuteronomy 32:20 tn Heb “I will hide my face from them.”
- Deuteronomy 32:20 tn Heb “sons” (so NAB, NASB); TEV “unfaithful people.”
- Deuteronomy 32:21 sn They have made me jealous. The “jealousy” of God is not a spirit of pettiness prompted by his insecurity, but righteous indignation caused by the disloyalty of his people to his covenant grace (see note on the word “God” in Deut 4:24). The jealousy of Israel, however (see next line), will be envy because of God’s lavish attention to another nation. This is an ironic wordplay. See H. Peels, NIDOTTE 3:938-39.
- Deuteronomy 32:21 tn Heb “what is not a god,” or a “nondeity.”
- Deuteronomy 32:21 tn Heb “their empty (things).” The Hebrew term used here to refer pejoratively to the false gods is הֶבֶל (hevel, “futile” or “futility”), used frequently in Ecclesiastes (e.g., Eccl 1:1, “Futile! Futile!” laments the Teacher, “Absolutely futile! Everything is futile!”).
- Deuteronomy 32:21 tn Heb “what is not a people,” or a “nonpeople.” The “nonpeople” (לֹא־עָם, loʾ ʿam) referred to here are Gentiles who someday would become God’s people in the fullest sense (cf. Hos 1:9; 2:23).
- Deuteronomy 32:21 tn Heb “a foolish nation” (so KJV, NAB, NRSV); NIV “a nation that has no understanding”; NLT “I will provoke their fury by blessing the foolish Gentiles.”
- Deuteronomy 32:22 tn Or “to the lowest depths of the earth”; cf. NAB “to the depths of the nether world”; NIV “to the realm of death below”; NLT “to the depths of the grave.”sn Sheol refers here not to hell and hell-fire—a much later concept—but to the innermost parts of the earth, as low down as one could get. The parallel with “the foundations of the mountains” makes this clear (cf. Pss 9:17; 16:10; 139:8; Isa 14:9, 15; Amos 9:2).
- Deuteronomy 32:23 tn Heb “upon them.”
- Deuteronomy 32:24 tn The Hebrew term קֶטֶב (qetev) is probably metaphorical here for the sting of a disease (HALOT 1091-92 s.v.).
- Deuteronomy 32:25 tn A verb is omitted here in the Hebrew text; for purposes of English style one suitable to the context is supplied.
- Deuteronomy 32:26 tc The LXX reads “I said I would scatter them.” This reading is followed by a number of English versions (e.g., KJV, ASV, NIV, NCV, NRSV, NLT, CEV).
- Deuteronomy 32:27 tn Heb “anger.”
- Deuteronomy 32:27 tn Heb “lest.”
- Deuteronomy 32:27 tn Heb “Our hand is high.” Cf. NAB “Our own hand won the victory.”
- Deuteronomy 32:30 tn The words “man” and “of them” are not in the Hebrew text, but are supplied in the translation for clarity.
- Deuteronomy 32:30 tn Heb “sold them” (so NAB, NIV, NRSV, NLT).
- Deuteronomy 32:31 tn Heb “their,” but the referent (enemies) is specified in the translation for the sake of clarity.
- Deuteronomy 32:32 tn Heb “vine.”
- Deuteronomy 32:32 sn Sodom…Gomorrah. The term “vine” is a reference to the pagan deities which, the passage says, find their ultimate source in Sodom and Gomorrah, that is, in the soil of perversion exemplified by these places (cf. Gen 18:20; 19:4-28; Isa 1:10; 3:9; Jer 23:14; Lam 4:6; Ezek 16:44-52; Matt 10:15; 11:23-24).
- Deuteronomy 32:34 tn Verses 34-35 appear to be a quotation of the Lord and so the introductory phrase “says the Lord” is supplied in the translation.
- Deuteronomy 32:35 tn Heb “prepared things,” “impending things.” See BDB 800 s.v. עָתִיד.
- Deuteronomy 32:36 tn The translation understands the verb in the sense of “be grieved, relent” (cf. HALOT 689 s.v. נחם hitp 2); cf. KJV, ASV “repent himself”; NLT “will change his mind.” Another option is to translate “will show compassion to” (see BDB 637 s.v. נחם); cf. NASB, NIV, NRSV.
- Deuteronomy 32:39 tn Verses 39-42 appear to be a quotation of the Lord and so the introductory phrase “says the Lord” is supplied in the translation for clarity.
- Deuteronomy 32:39 tn Heb “deliver from” (so NRSV, NLT).
- Deuteronomy 32:41 tn Heb “judgment.” This is a metonymy, a figure of speech in which the effect (judgment) is employed as an instrument (sword, spear, or the like), the means, by which it is brought about.
- Deuteronomy 32:41 tn The Hebrew term שָׂנֵא (saneʾ, “hate”) in this covenant context speaks of those who reject Yahweh’s covenant overtures, that is, who disobey its stipulations (see note on the word “rejecting” in Deut 5:9; also see Deut 7:10; 2 Chr 19:2; Pss 81:15; 139:20-21).
- Deuteronomy 32:42 tn Or “head” (the same Hebrew word can mean “head” in the sense of “leader, chieftain” or “head” in the sense of body part).
- Deuteronomy 32:44 tn Heb “Hoshea” (so KJV, ASV), another name for the same individual (cf. Num 13:8, 16).
- Deuteronomy 32:49 sn Abarim. This refers to the high plateau region of the Transjordan, the highest elevation of which is Mount Pisgah (or Nebo; cf. Deut 34:1). See also the note on the name “Pisgah” in Deut 3:17.
- Deuteronomy 32:50 tn In the Hebrew text the forms translated “you will die…and join” are imperatives, but the actions in view cannot really be commanded. The imperative is used here in a rhetorical, emphatic manner to indicate the certainty of Moses’ death on the mountain. On the rhetorical use of the imperative see IBHS 572 §34.4c.
- Deuteronomy 32:50 tn Heb “be gathered to your people.” The same phrase occurs again later in this verse.
- Deuteronomy 32:50 sn Mount Hor. See note on the name “Moserah” in Deut 10:6.
- Deuteronomy 32:51 tn The use of the plural (“you”) in the Hebrew text suggests that Moses and Aaron are both in view here, since both had rebelled at some time or other, if not at Meribah Kadesh then elsewhere (cf. Num 20:24; 27:14).
- Deuteronomy 32:51 tn Heb “did not esteem me holy.” Cf. NIV “did not uphold my holiness”; NLT “failed to demonstrate my holiness.”
Deuteronomy 32
New International Version
Deuteronomy 32
New International Version
32 Listen,(A) you heavens,(B) and I will speak;
hear, you earth, the words of my mouth.(C)
2 Let my teaching fall like rain(D)
and my words descend like dew,(E)
like showers(F) on new grass,
like abundant rain on tender plants.
3 I will proclaim(G) the name of the Lord.(H)
Oh, praise the greatness(I) of our God!
4 He is the Rock,(J) his works are perfect,(K)
and all his ways are just.
A faithful God(L) who does no wrong,
upright(M) and just is he.(N)
5 They are corrupt and not his children;
to their shame they are a warped and crooked generation.(O)
6 Is this the way you repay(P) the Lord,
you foolish(Q) and unwise people?(R)
Is he not your Father,(S) your Creator,[a]
who made you and formed you?(T)
7 Remember the days of old;(U)
consider the generations long past.(V)
Ask your father and he will tell you,
your elders, and they will explain to you.(W)
8 When the Most High(X) gave the nations their inheritance,
when he divided all mankind,(Y)
he set up boundaries(Z) for the peoples
according to the number of the sons of Israel.[b](AA)
9 For the Lord’s portion(AB) is his people,
Jacob his allotted inheritance.(AC)
10 In a desert(AD) land he found him,
in a barren and howling waste.(AE)
He shielded(AF) him and cared for him;
he guarded him as the apple of his eye,(AG)
11 like an eagle that stirs up its nest
and hovers over its young,(AH)
that spreads its wings to catch them
and carries them aloft.(AI)
12 The Lord alone led(AJ) him;(AK)
no foreign god was with him.(AL)
13 He made him ride on the heights(AM) of the land
and fed him with the fruit of the fields.
He nourished him with honey from the rock,(AN)
and with oil(AO) from the flinty crag,
14 with curds and milk from herd and flock
and with fattened lambs and goats,
with choice rams of Bashan(AP)
and the finest kernels of wheat.(AQ)
You drank the foaming blood of the grape.(AR)
15 Jeshurun[c](AS) grew fat(AT) and kicked;
filled with food, they became heavy and sleek.
They abandoned(AU) the God who made them
and rejected the Rock(AV) their Savior.
16 They made him jealous(AW) with their foreign gods
and angered(AX) him with their detestable idols.
17 They sacrificed(AY) to false gods,(AZ) which are not God—
gods they had not known,(BA)
gods that recently appeared,(BB)
gods your ancestors did not fear.
18 You deserted the Rock, who fathered you;
you forgot(BC) the God who gave you birth.
19 The Lord saw this and rejected them(BD)
because he was angered by his sons and daughters.(BE)
20 “I will hide my face(BF) from them,” he said,
“and see what their end will be;
for they are a perverse generation,(BG)
children who are unfaithful.(BH)
21 They made me jealous(BI) by what is no god
and angered me with their worthless idols.(BJ)
I will make them envious by those who are not a people;
I will make them angry by a nation that has no understanding.(BK)
22 For a fire will be kindled by my wrath,(BL)
one that burns down to the realm of the dead below.(BM)
It will devour(BN) the earth and its harvests(BO)
and set afire the foundations of the mountains.(BP)
23 “I will heap calamities(BQ) on them
and spend my arrows(BR) against them.
24 I will send wasting famine(BS) against them,
consuming pestilence(BT) and deadly plague;(BU)
I will send against them the fangs of wild beasts,(BV)
the venom of vipers(BW) that glide in the dust.(BX)
25 In the street the sword will make them childless;
in their homes terror(BY) will reign.(BZ)
The young men and young women will perish,
the infants and those with gray hair.(CA)
26 I said I would scatter(CB) them
and erase their name from human memory,(CC)
27 but I dreaded the taunt of the enemy,
lest the adversary misunderstand(CD)
and say, ‘Our hand has triumphed;
the Lord has not done all this.’”(CE)
28 They are a nation without sense,
there is no discernment(CF) in them.
29 If only they were wise and would understand this(CG)
and discern what their end will be!(CH)
30 How could one man chase a thousand,
or two put ten thousand to flight,(CI)
unless their Rock had sold them,(CJ)
unless the Lord had given them up?(CK)
31 For their rock is not like our Rock,(CL)
as even our enemies concede.(CM)
32 Their vine comes from the vine of Sodom(CN)
and from the fields of Gomorrah.
Their grapes are filled with poison,(CO)
and their clusters with bitterness.(CP)
33 Their wine is the venom of serpents,
the deadly poison of cobras.(CQ)
34 “Have I not kept this in reserve
and sealed it in my vaults?(CR)
35 It is mine to avenge;(CS) I will repay.(CT)
In due time their foot will slip;(CU)
their day of disaster is near
and their doom rushes upon them.(CV)”
36 The Lord will vindicate his people(CW)
and relent(CX) concerning his servants(CY)
when he sees their strength is gone
and no one is left, slave(CZ) or free.[d]
37 He will say: “Now where are their gods,
the rock they took refuge in,(DA)
38 the gods who ate the fat of their sacrifices
and drank the wine of their drink offerings?(DB)
Let them rise up to help you!
Let them give you shelter!
39 “See now that I myself am he!(DC)
There is no god besides me.(DD)
I put to death(DE) and I bring to life,(DF)
I have wounded and I will heal,(DG)
and no one can deliver out of my hand.(DH)
40 I lift my hand(DI) to heaven and solemnly swear:
As surely as I live forever,(DJ)
41 when I sharpen my flashing sword(DK)
and my hand grasps it in judgment,
I will take vengeance(DL) on my adversaries
and repay those who hate me.(DM)
42 I will make my arrows drunk with blood,(DN)
while my sword devours flesh:(DO)
the blood of the slain and the captives,
the heads of the enemy leaders.”
43 Rejoice,(DP) you nations, with his people,[e][f]
for he will avenge the blood of his servants;(DQ)
he will take vengeance on his enemies(DR)
and make atonement for his land and people.(DS)
44 Moses came with Joshua[g](DT) son of Nun and spoke all the words of this song in the hearing of the people. 45 When Moses finished reciting all these words to all Israel, 46 he said to them, “Take to heart all the words I have solemnly declared to you this day,(DU) so that you may command(DV) your children to obey carefully all the words of this law. 47 They are not just idle words for you—they are your life.(DW) By them you will live long(DX) in the land you are crossing the Jordan to possess.”
Moses to Die on Mount Nebo
48 On that same day the Lord told Moses,(DY) 49 “Go up into the Abarim(DZ) Range to Mount Nebo(EA) in Moab, across from Jericho,(EB) and view Canaan,(EC) the land I am giving the Israelites as their own possession. 50 There on the mountain that you have climbed you will die(ED) and be gathered to your people, just as your brother Aaron died(EE) on Mount Hor(EF) and was gathered to his people. 51 This is because both of you broke faith with me in the presence of the Israelites at the waters of Meribah Kadesh(EG) in the Desert of Zin(EH) and because you did not uphold my holiness among the Israelites.(EI) 52 Therefore, you will see the land only from a distance;(EJ) you will not enter(EK) the land I am giving to the people of Israel.”
Footnotes
- Deuteronomy 32:6 Or Father, who bought you
- Deuteronomy 32:8 Masoretic Text; Dead Sea Scrolls (see also Septuagint) sons of God
- Deuteronomy 32:15 Jeshurun means the upright one, that is, Israel.
- Deuteronomy 32:36 Or and they are without a ruler or leader
- Deuteronomy 32:43 Or Make his people rejoice, you nations
- Deuteronomy 32:43 Masoretic Text; Dead Sea Scrolls (see also Septuagint) people, / and let all the angels worship him, /
- Deuteronomy 32:44 Hebrew Hoshea, a variant of Joshua
5 Mosebok 32
Swedish New Living Bible (Nya Levande Bibeln)
5 Mosebok 32
Swedish New Living Bible (Nya Levande Bibeln)
Moses sång
32 Lyssna, himlar och jord! Hör, vad jag har att säga!
2 Min undervisning ska vara som stilla regn, den ska falla som dagg, som fint regn över det spirande gräset, ja, som rikligt regn över späda plantor.
3 Jag ska förkunna Herrens namn och prisa hans storhet!
4 Han är Klippan. Hans verk är fullkomliga.Allt vad han gör är rättfärdigt och rättvist. En trofast Gud är han, utan fel.
5 Men Israel har handlat orätt mot honom.De bär på synd och är inte längre hans barn, utan de har blivit en hårdhjärtad och motsträvig generation.
6 Är det så man behandlar Herren? Du dåraktiga folk! Är inte Gud din Far, din Skapare? Är det inte han som har gjort dig och format dig?
7 Tänk på hur det en gång var!Fråga din far och de gamla! De ska berätta för dig.
8 När Gud tilldelade folken deras områden bestämde han var de skulle bosätta sig.
9 Han behöll Israel för sig själv, som sin personliga egendom.
10 I öknen fann han dem,i ödemarken bevarade han och beskyddade sin ögonsten.
11 Han bredde ut sina vingar över dem. Som örnen vakade han över sina ungar och bar dem på sina vingar!
12 Herren ensam ledde dem, de hade inga andra gudar.
13 Herren gav dem bördiga bergshöjder, åkrar, honung ur klippan och olivolja från stenig mark!
14 Han gav dem mjölk och kött, baggar och getter från Basan och det allra finaste vete. De drack vin av utsökta druvor.
15 Men det folk som stod upprätt fick för mycket av det goda. De blev övergödda och tröga. I sitt överflöd övergav de sin Gud och sin frälsnings Klippa.
16 De började följa främmande gudar, och Herren blev vred och svartsjuk.
17 De offrade till hedniska gudar, till nya gudar, som aldrig tillbetts förr.
18 De övergav Klippan, som hade format dem, och glömde den Gud som fött dem.
19 Gud såg dem och avskydde dem! Hans söner och döttrar hade förolämpat honom.
20 Han sa: 'Jag ska överge dem'. Se, vad som då kommer att hända dem! De tillhör en hårdhjärtad och trolös generation.
21 De har gjort mig svartsjuk genom att vända sig till gudar som inte finns, till värdelösa avgudar. Nu ska jag göra dem svartsjuka genom att vända mig till sådana som inte är ett folk, ja de ska bli upprörda över folk som ej är nationer.
22 Min vrede har antänt en eld. Den brinner ända nere i dödsrikets djup, den förtär jorden och dess skördar och den sätter berg i lågor.
23 Jag ska överösa dem med olyckor och skjuta mina pilar på dem.
24 Jag ska fördärva dem genom hunger, brännande feber och dödande pest.Jag ska uppsluka dem. Jag ska skicka vilda djur att slita dem i stycken, och giftiga ormar ska kräla på marken.
25 På gatorna ska deras barn dödas av svärd, och i husen ska fruktan regera. Unga män och kvinnor, spädbarnet vid moderns bröst och den gamle, alla ska de gå under.
26 Jag hade bestämt mig för att förskingra dem till avlägsna länder och att utplåna alla minnen av dem.
27 Men så tänkte jag: Mina fiender kommer att triumfera och säga: 'Israel är utplånat genom vår väldiga makt. Det var vi och inte Herren som gjorde det!'
28 Israel är ett dåraktigt folk, helt utan förstånd.
29 Om de ändå vore visa! Om de ändå förstod!
30 Hur kunde en enda fiende jaga bort dem i tusentaloch två få tiotusen på flykten, om inte deras Klippa hade övergett dem, om inte Herren hade förgjort dem?
31 Men andra folks klippor är inte som vår Klippa. Det erkänner till och med fienden.
32 De liknar folket från Sodom och Gomorra: Deras gärningar är som förgiftade druvor i klasar av bitterhet,
33 och de sprider omkring sig kobrans dödliga gift.
34 Men jag har mina planer i säkert förvar.
35 Hämnden är min, och jag straffar Israels fiender. Snart ska deras fot slinta.
36 Herren ska döma sitt folk och ha medlidande med dem när deras kraft är uttömd och ingen återstår, varken slav eller fri.
37 Då ska Gud fråga: 'Var är deras gudar, klippan de flydde till?
38 Var är nu de gudar som tagit emot deras offer av fett och vin? Låt dem komma till hjälp och låt dem erbjuda skydd!
39 Ser ni nu att jag ensam är Gud? Jag dödar, och jag ger liv. Jag sårar och jag helar. Ingen kommer undan min hand.
40-41 Jag lyfter den mot himlen och försäkrar att så sant som jag lever i evighet ska min hand gripa det slipade svärdet till dom.
42-43 Mina pilar ska drypa av blod! Mitt svärd ska gå fram genom kött och blod från de slagna och från de fångna, ja över fiendens ledares huvuden.'Gläd er, alla länder, för han hämnas sitt folk, han tar hämnd på sina fiender, han renar sitt land och sitt folk.
44-45 När Mose och Josua hade läst upp hela denna sång för folket,
46 sa Mose:Tänk nu på alla de lagar som jag har gett er i dag, och låt era barn få del av dem.
47 De är inte vanliga ord, de är liv. Genom att lyda dem kommer ni att få ett långt och rikt liv i det land som ni nu ska ta i besittning på andra sidan floden Jordan.
Mose får veta att han snart ska dö
48 Samma dag sa Herren till Mose:
49 Gå till berget Nebo i Abarimbergen, i Moabs land mitt emot Jeriko. Se ut över Kanaans land därifrån, det land som jag ska ge Israels folk.
50 När du har sett landet måste du dö och förenas med dina fäder, på samma sätt som din bror Aron dog på berget Hor och förenades med dem.
51 Ni vanärade mig nämligen båda bland Israels folk vid Meribas källor i öknen Sin.
52 Framför dig ska du se det land ligga utbrett som jag ska ge Israels folk, men du kommer själv inte att få gå in i det.
Deuteronomy 32
King James Version
Deuteronomy 32
King James Version
32 Give ear, O ye heavens, and I will speak; and hear, O earth, the words of my mouth.
2 My doctrine shall drop as the rain, my speech shall distil as the dew, as the small rain upon the tender herb, and as the showers upon the grass:
3 Because I will publish the name of the Lord: ascribe ye greatness unto our God.
4 He is the Rock, his work is perfect: for all his ways are judgment: a God of truth and without iniquity, just and right is he.
5 They have corrupted themselves, their spot is not the spot of his children: they are a perverse and crooked generation.
6 Do ye thus requite the Lord, O foolish people and unwise? is not he thy father that hath bought thee? hath he not made thee, and established thee?
7 Remember the days of old, consider the years of many generations: ask thy father, and he will shew thee; thy elders, and they will tell thee.
8 When the Most High divided to the nations their inheritance, when he separated the sons of Adam, he set the bounds of the people according to the number of the children of Israel.
9 For the Lord's portion is his people; Jacob is the lot of his inheritance.
10 He found him in a desert land, and in the waste howling wilderness; he led him about, he instructed him, he kept him as the apple of his eye.
11 As an eagle stirreth up her nest, fluttereth over her young, spreadeth abroad her wings, taketh them, beareth them on her wings:
12 So the Lord alone did lead him, and there was no strange god with him.
13 He made him ride on the high places of the earth, that he might eat the increase of the fields; and he made him to suck honey out of the rock, and oil out of the flinty rock;
14 Butter of kine, and milk of sheep, with fat of lambs, and rams of the breed of Bashan, and goats, with the fat of kidneys of wheat; and thou didst drink the pure blood of the grape.
15 But Jeshurun waxed fat, and kicked: thou art waxen fat, thou art grown thick, thou art covered with fatness; then he forsook God which made him, and lightly esteemed the Rock of his salvation.
16 They provoked him to jealousy with strange gods, with abominations provoked they him to anger.
17 They sacrificed unto devils, not to God; to gods whom they knew not, to new gods that came newly up, whom your fathers feared not.
18 Of the Rock that begat thee thou art unmindful, and hast forgotten God that formed thee.
19 And when the Lord saw it, he abhorred them, because of the provoking of his sons, and of his daughters.
20 And he said, I will hide my face from them, I will see what their end shall be: for they are a very froward generation, children in whom is no faith.
21 They have moved me to jealousy with that which is not God; they have provoked me to anger with their vanities: and I will move them to jealousy with those which are not a people; I will provoke them to anger with a foolish nation.
22 For a fire is kindled in mine anger, and shall burn unto the lowest hell, and shall consume the earth with her increase, and set on fire the foundations of the mountains.
23 I will heap mischiefs upon them; I will spend mine arrows upon them.
24 They shall be burnt with hunger, and devoured with burning heat, and with bitter destruction: I will also send the teeth of beasts upon them, with the poison of serpents of the dust.
25 The sword without, and terror within, shall destroy both the young man and the virgin, the suckling also with the man of gray hairs.
26 I said, I would scatter them into corners, I would make the remembrance of them to cease from among men:
27 Were it not that I feared the wrath of the enemy, lest their adversaries should behave themselves strangely, and lest they should say, Our hand is high, and the Lord hath not done all this.
28 For they are a nation void of counsel, neither is there any understanding in them.
29 O that they were wise, that they understood this, that they would consider their latter end!
30 How should one chase a thousand, and two put ten thousand to flight, except their Rock had sold them, and the Lord had shut them up?
31 For their rock is not as our Rock, even our enemies themselves being judges.
32 For their vine is of the vine of Sodom, and of the fields of Gomorrah: their grapes are grapes of gall, their clusters are bitter:
33 Their wine is the poison of dragons, and the cruel venom of asps.
34 Is not this laid up in store with me, and sealed up among my treasures?
35 To me belongeth vengeance and recompence; their foot shall slide in due time: for the day of their calamity is at hand, and the things that shall come upon them make haste.
36 For the Lord shall judge his people, and repent himself for his servants, when he seeth that their power is gone, and there is none shut up, or left.
37 And he shall say, Where are their gods, their rock in whom they trusted,
38 Which did eat the fat of their sacrifices, and drank the wine of their drink offerings? let them rise up and help you, and be your protection.
39 See now that I, even I, am he, and there is no god with me: I kill, and I make alive; I wound, and I heal: neither is there any that can deliver out of my hand.
40 For I lift up my hand to heaven, and say, I live for ever.
41 If I whet my glittering sword, and mine hand take hold on judgment; I will render vengeance to mine enemies, and will reward them that hate me.
42 I will make mine arrows drunk with blood, and my sword shall devour flesh; and that with the blood of the slain and of the captives, from the beginning of revenges upon the enemy.
43 Rejoice, O ye nations, with his people: for he will avenge the blood of his servants, and will render vengeance to his adversaries, and will be merciful unto his land, and to his people.
44 And Moses came and spake all the words of this song in the ears of the people, he, and Hoshea the son of Nun.
45 And Moses made an end of speaking all these words to all Israel:
46 And he said unto them, Set your hearts unto all the words which I testify among you this day, which ye shall command your children to observe to do, all the words of this law.
47 For it is not a vain thing for you; because it is your life: and through this thing ye shall prolong your days in the land, whither ye go over Jordan to possess it.
48 And the Lord spake unto Moses that selfsame day, saying,
49 Get thee up into this mountain Abarim, unto mount Nebo, which is in the land of Moab, that is over against Jericho; and behold the land of Canaan, which I give unto the children of Israel for a possession:
50 And die in the mount whither thou goest up, and be gathered unto thy people; as Aaron thy brother died in mount Hor, and was gathered unto his people:
51 Because ye trespassed against me among the children of Israel at the waters of MeribahKadesh, in the wilderness of Zin; because ye sanctified me not in the midst of the children of Israel.
52 Yet thou shalt see the land before thee; but thou shalt not go thither unto the land which I give the children of Israel.
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