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马太福音 12
Chinese New Version (Simplified)

安息日的主(A)

12 安息日那天，耶稣从麦田经过；他的门徒饿了，就摘了些麦穗来吃。 2 法利赛人看见了，就对他说：“你看，你的门徒作了安息日不可作的事。” 3 耶稣对他们说：“大卫和跟他在一起的人，在饥饿的时候所作的，你们没有念过吗？ 4 他不是进了　神的殿，吃了他和跟他在一起的人不可以吃，只有祭司才可以吃的陈设饼吗？ 5 律法书上记着：安息日，祭司在殿里供职，触犯了安息日，也不算有罪；你们也没有念过吗？ 6 我告诉你们，这里有一位是比圣殿更大的。 7 如果你们明白‘我喜爱怜悯，不喜爱祭祀’这句话的意思，就不会把无罪的定罪了。 8 因为人子是安息日的主。”

治好手枯的人(B)

9 耶稣离开那里，来到他们的会堂。 10 会堂里有一个人，他的一只手枯干了。有人问耶稣：“在安息日治病，可以吗？”目的是要控告耶稣。 11 耶稣回答：“你们当中有哪一个，他仅有的一只羊在安息日跌进坑里，会不把羊抓住拉上来呢？ 12 人比羊贵重得多了！所以，在安息日行善是可以的。” 13 于是对那人说：“伸出手来！”他把手一伸，就复原了，好象另一只手一样。 14 法利赛人出去，商议怎样对付耶稣，好杀掉他。

　神拣选的仆人

15 耶稣知道了，就离开那里。有很多人跟随他，他医好他们所有的病人， 16 又嘱咐他们不可替他张扬。 17 这就应验了以赛亚先知所说的：

18 “看哪！我所拣选的仆人，

我所爱，心里所喜悦的；

我要把我的灵赐给他，

他必向万国宣扬公理。

19 他不争吵，也不喧嚷，

人在街上听不见他的声音。

20 压伤的芦苇，他不折断，

将残的灯火，他不吹灭；

直到他施行公理，使公理得胜。

21 万民都要寄望于他的名。”

耶稣靠　神的灵赶鬼(C)

22 有人带了一个被鬼附着、又瞎又哑的人到耶稣那里。耶稣医好了他，那哑巴就能说话，也能看见了。 23 群众都很惊奇，说：“难道他就是大卫的子孙？” 24 法利赛人听见了，说：“这个人赶鬼，只不过是靠鬼王别西卜罢了。” 25 耶稣知道他们的心思，就对他们说：“如果一个国家自相纷争，就必定荒凉；一城一家自相纷争，必站立不住。 26 如果撒但赶逐撒但，就会自相纷争。那么，他的国怎能站立得住呢？ 27 我若靠别西卜赶鬼，你们的子孙又靠谁赶鬼呢？这样，他们就要断定你们的不是。 28 我若靠　神的灵赶鬼，　神的国就已经临到你们了。 29 如果不先把壮汉绑起来，怎能进到他的家里，抢夺财物呢？如果绑起来了，就可以抢劫他的家了。 30 不站在我这一边的就是反对我的，不跟我一起收聚的，就是分散的。 31 因此，我告诉你们，人的一切罪和亵渎的话，都可以赦免；可是，亵渎圣灵就得不着赦免。 32 无论谁说话得罪了人子，还可以赦免；但说话得罪了圣灵的，今生来世都得不着赦免。

种好树结好果子(D)

33 “你们种好树就结好果子，种坏树就结坏果子；凭着果子就能认出树来。 34 毒蛇所生的啊，你们既然是邪恶的，怎能说出良善的话？因为心中所充满的，口里就说出来。 35 良善的人从他良善的心（“心”原文作“库房”）发出良善，邪恶的人从他邪恶的心（“心”原文作“库房”）发出邪恶。 36 我告诉你们，人所说的闲话，在审判的日子，句句都要供出来， 37 因为你要照你的话被称为义，或定为有罪。”

约拿的神迹(E)

38 当时，有一些经学家和法利赛人对耶稣说：“老师，我们想请你显个神迹看看。” 39 但耶稣说：“邪恶和淫乱的世代寻求神迹，除了约拿先知的神迹以外，再没有神迹给你们了。 40 约拿怎样三日三夜在大鱼的腹中，人子也要照样三日三夜在地里。 41 审判的时候，尼尼微人要和这个世代一同起来，定这个世代的罪，因为他们听了约拿所传的就悔改了。你看，这里有一位是比约拿更大的。 42 审判的时候，南方的女王要和这个世代一同起来，定这个世代的罪，因为她从地极来到，要听所罗门智慧的话。你看，这里有一位是比所罗门更大的。

污灵去而复返的教训(F)

43 “有一个污灵离开了一个人，走遍干旱之地，寻找栖身的地方，却没有找到。 44 他就说：‘我要回到我从前离开了的那房子。’到了之后，看见里面空着，已经打扫干净，粉饰好了， 45 他就去带了另外七个比自己更恶的污灵来，一齐进去住在那里；那人后来的情况，比以前更坏了。这邪恶的世代也会这样。”

谁是耶稣的母亲和弟兄(G)

46 耶稣还在对群众讲话的时候，他的母亲和弟弟站在外面，要找他讲话。 47 有人告诉耶稣：“你的母亲和弟弟站在外面，有话要跟你说。” 48 他回答那人：“谁是我的母亲？谁是我的弟兄？” 49 他伸手指着门徒说：“你看，我的母亲，我的弟兄！ 50 凡是遵行我天父旨意的，就是我的弟兄、姊妹和母亲了。”

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Matthew 12
Legacy Standard Bible

Lord of the Sabbath

12 (A)At that [a]time Jesus went through the grainfields on the Sabbath, and His disciples became hungry and began to (B)pick the heads of grain and eat. 2 But when the Pharisees saw this, they said to Him, “Look, Your disciples do what (C)is not lawful to do on a Sabbath.” 3 But He said to them, “Have you not read what David did when he became hungry, he and his companions, 4 how he entered the house of God, and (D)they ate the [b]consecrated bread, which was not lawful for him to eat nor for those with him, but for the priests alone? 5 Or have you not read in the Law, that on the Sabbath the priests in the temple [c]break the Sabbath and are innocent? 6 But I say to you that something (E)greater than the temple is here. 7 But if you had known what this [d]means, ‘(F)I desire [e]compassion, and not a sacrifice,’ you would not have condemned the innocent. 8 For (G)the Son of Man is Lord of the Sabbath.”

Jesus Heals a Man on the Sabbath

9 (H)And departing from there, He went into their synagogue. 10 And behold, a man was there whose hand was withered. And they questioned [f]Jesus, saying, “(I)Is it lawful to heal on the Sabbath?”—so that they might accuse Him. 11 And He said to them, “(J)What man [g]is there among you who has a sheep, and if it falls into a pit on the Sabbath, will not take hold of it and lift it out? 12 (K)How much more valuable then is a man than a sheep! So then, it is lawful to do [h]good on the Sabbath.” 13 Then He *said to the man, “Stretch out your hand!” (L)He stretched it out, and it was restored to [i]normal, like the other. 14 But going out, the Pharisees (M)took counsel together against Him, as to how they might destroy Him.

15 But Jesus, [j]aware of this, withdrew from there. Many followed Him, and (N)He healed them all, 16 and (O)warned them not to make Him known, 17 in order that what was spoken through Isaiah the prophet would be fulfilled, saying,

18 “(P)Behold, My [k]Servant whom I [l]have chosen;
(Q)My Beloved in whom My soul [m]is well-pleased;
(R)I will put My Spirit upon Him,
(S)And He shall proclaim [n]justice to the [o]Gentiles.
19 (T)He will not quarrel, nor cry out;
Nor will anyone hear His voice in the streets.
20 (U)A battered reed He will not break off,
And a smoldering wick He will not put out,
Until He [p]leads [q]justice to victory.
21 (V)And in His name the [r]Gentiles will hope.”

A Kingdom Divided

22 (W)Then a (X)demon-possessed man who was blind and mute was brought to [s]Jesus, and He healed him, so that the mute man spoke and saw. 23 And all the crowds were astounded, and were saying, “Can this man really be the (Y)Son of David?” 24 But when the Pharisees heard this, they said, “This man does not (Z)cast out demons except by [t]Beelzebul the ruler of the demons.”

25 (AA)And (AB)knowing their thoughts He said to them, “[u]Any kingdom divided against itself is laid waste; and [v]any city or house divided against itself will not stand. 26 And if (AC)Satan casts out Satan, he [w]is divided against himself; how then will his kingdom stand? 27 And if I (AD)by [x]Beelzebul cast out demons, (AE)by whom do your sons cast them out? For this reason they will be your judges. 28 But (AF)if I cast out demons by the Spirit of God, then the kingdom of God has come upon you. 29 Or how can anyone enter the strong man’s house and carry off his property, unless he first binds the strong man? And then he will plunder his house.

Blasphemy Against the Holy Spirit

30 (AG)He who is not with Me is against Me; and he who does not gather with Me scatters.

31 “(AH)Therefore I say to you, any sin and blasphemy shall be forgiven people, but the blasphemy against the Spirit shall not be forgiven. 32 (AI)And whoever [y]speaks a word against the Son of Man, it shall be forgiven him; but whoever [z]speaks against the Holy Spirit, it shall not be forgiven him, either in (AJ)this age or in the age to come.

The Heart Is Revealed by Words

33 “Either make the tree good and its fruit good, or make the tree bad and its fruit bad; for (AK)the tree is known by its fruit. 34 (AL)You brood of vipers, how can you, being evil, speak [aa]what is good? (AM)For the mouth speaks out of that which fills the heart. 35 (AN)The good man brings out of his good treasure [ab]what is good; and the evil man brings out of his evil treasure [ac]what is evil. 36 But I tell you that every [ad]careless word that people [ae]speak, they shall give an accounting for it in (AO)the day of judgment. 37 For [af]by your words you will be justified, and [ag]by your words you will be condemned.”

The Sign of Jonah

38 Then some of the scribes and Pharisees answered and said to Him, “Teacher, (AP)we want to see [ah]a sign from You.” 39 But He answered and said to them, “(AQ)An evil and adulterous generation eagerly seeks for a sign; and yet no sign will be given to it but the sign of Jonah the prophet; 40 for just as (AR)Jonah was three days and three nights in the belly of the sea monster, so will (AS)the Son of Man be (AT)three days and three nights in the heart of the earth. 41 (AU)The men of Nineveh will stand up with this generation at the judgment, and will condemn it because (AV)they repented at the preaching of Jonah; and behold, (AW)something greater than Jonah is here. 42 (AX)The Queen of the South will rise up with this generation at the judgment and will condemn it, because she came from the ends of the earth to hear the wisdom of Solomon; and behold, (AY)something greater than Solomon is here.

43 “(AZ)Now when the unclean spirit goes out of a man, it passes through waterless places seeking rest, and does not find it. 44 Then it says, ‘I will return to my house from which I came’; and when it comes, it finds it unoccupied, swept, and put in order. 45 Then it goes and takes along with it seven other spirits more wicked than itself, and they go in and live there; and (BA)the last state of that man becomes worse than the first. That is the way it will also be with this evil generation.”

Jesus’ Mother and Brothers

46 (BB)While He was still speaking to the crowds, behold, His (BC)mother and (BD)brothers were standing outside, seeking to speak to Him. 47 [ai]Now someone said to Him, “Behold, Your mother and Your brothers are standing outside seeking to speak to You.” 48 But [aj]Jesus answered the one who was telling Him and said, “Who is My mother and who are My brothers?” 49 And stretching out His hand toward His disciples, He said, “Behold My mother and My brothers! 50 For whoever does the will of My Father who is in heaven, he is My brother and sister and mother.”

Footnotes

  1. Matthew 12:1 Or occasion
  2. Matthew 12:4 Or showbread; lit loaves of presentation
  3. Matthew 12:5 Or profane
  4. Matthew 12:7 Lit is
  5. Matthew 12:7 Or mercy
  6. Matthew 12:10 Lit Him
  7. Matthew 12:11 Lit will be from you
  8. Matthew 12:12 Lit well
  9. Matthew 12:13 Lit health
  10. Matthew 12:15 Lit knowing
  11. Matthew 12:18 Lit Child
  12. Matthew 12:18 Lit chose
  13. Matthew 12:18 Or took pleasure
  14. Matthew 12:18 Or judgment
  15. Matthew 12:18 Or nations
  16. Matthew 12:20 Or puts forth
  17. Matthew 12:20 Or judgment
  18. Matthew 12:21 Or nations
  19. Matthew 12:22 Lit Him
  20. Matthew 12:24 Or Beezebul
  21. Matthew 12:25 Lit Every
  22. Matthew 12:25 Lit every
  23. Matthew 12:26 Lit was
  24. Matthew 12:27 v 24, note 1
  25. Matthew 12:32 Lit will speak
  26. Matthew 12:32 Lit will speak
  27. Matthew 12:34 Lit good things
  28. Matthew 12:35 Lit good things
  29. Matthew 12:35 Lit evil things
  30. Matthew 12:36 Or useless
  31. Matthew 12:36 Lit will speak
  32. Matthew 12:37 Or in accordance with
  33. Matthew 12:37 Or in accordance with
  34. Matthew 12:38 Or an attesting miracle
  35. Matthew 12:47 This verse is not found in early mss
  36. Matthew 12:48 Lit He
Close NABRE

Matthew 12
New American Bible (Revised Edition)

Chapter 12

Picking Grain on the Sabbath. 1 [a]At that time Jesus was going through a field of grain on the sabbath.(A) His disciples were hungry and began to pick the heads[b] of grain and eat them.(B) 2 When the Pharisees saw this, they said to him, “See, your disciples are doing what is unlawful to do on the sabbath.” 3 He said to them,[c] “Have you not read what David(C) did when he and his companions were hungry, 4 how he went into the house of God and ate the bread of offering,(D) which neither he nor his companions but only the priests could lawfully eat? 5 [d]Or have you not read in the law that on the sabbath the priests serving in the temple violate the sabbath and are innocent?(E) 6 I say to you, something greater than the temple is here. 7 [e]If you knew what this meant, ‘I desire mercy, not sacrifice,’(F) you would not have condemned these innocent men. 8 [f](G)For the Son of Man is Lord of the sabbath.”

The Man with a Withered Hand. 9 (H)Moving on from there, he went into their synagogue. 10 And behold, there was a man there who had a withered hand. They questioned him, “Is it lawful to cure on the sabbath?”[g] so that they might accuse him. 11 [h]He said to them, “Which one of you who has a sheep that falls into a pit on the sabbath will not take hold of it and lift it out? 12 How much more valuable a person is than a sheep. So it is lawful to do good on the sabbath.” 13 Then he said to the man, “Stretch out your hand.” He stretched it out, and it was restored as sound as the other. 14 But the Pharisees[i] went out and took counsel against him to put him to death.(I)

The Chosen Servant.[j] 15 When Jesus realized this, he withdrew from that place. Many [people] followed him, and he cured them all,[k] 16 but he warned them not to make him known. 17 This was to fulfill what had been spoken through Isaiah the prophet:

18 “Behold, my servant whom I have chosen,(J)
    my beloved in whom I delight;
I shall place my spirit upon him,
    and he will proclaim justice to the Gentiles.
19 He will not contend[l] or cry out,
    nor will anyone hear his voice in the streets.
20 A bruised reed he will not break,
    a smoldering wick he will not quench,
until he brings justice to victory.
21     And in his name the Gentiles will hope.”[m]

Jesus and Beelzebul.[n] 22 (K)Then they brought to him a demoniac who was blind and mute. He cured the mute person so that he could speak and see. 23 [o](L)All the crowd was astounded, and said, “Could this perhaps be the Son of David?” 24 [p](M)But when the Pharisees heard this, they said, “This man drives out demons only by the power of Beelzebul, the prince of demons.” 25 (N)But he knew what they were thinking and said to them,[q] “Every kingdom divided against itself will be laid waste, and no town or house divided against itself will stand. 26 And if Satan drives out Satan, he is divided against himself; how, then, will his kingdom stand? 27 And if I drive out demons by Beelzebul, by whom do your own people[r] drive them out? Therefore they will be your judges. 28 [s](O)But if it is by the Spirit of God that I drive out demons, then the kingdom of God has come upon you. 29 [t]How can anyone enter a strong man’s house and steal his property, unless he first ties up the strong man? Then he can plunder his house. 30 [u](P)Whoever is not with me is against me, and whoever does not gather with me scatters. 31 (Q)Therefore, I say to you, every sin and blasphemy will be forgiven people, but blasphemy against the Spirit[v] will not be forgiven. 32 And whoever speaks a word against the Son of Man will be forgiven; but whoever speaks against the holy Spirit will not be forgiven, either in this age or in the age to come.

A Tree and Its Fruits. 33 (R)“Either declare[w] the tree good and its fruit is good, or declare the tree rotten and its fruit is rotten, for a tree is known by its fruit. 34 [x](S)You brood of vipers, how can you say good things when you are evil? For from the fullness of the heart the mouth speaks. 35 A good person brings forth good out of a store of goodness, but an evil person brings forth evil out of a store of evil. 36 [y](T)I tell you, on the day of judgment people will render an account for every careless word they speak. 37 By your words you will be acquitted, and by your words you will be condemned.”

The Demand for a Sign.[z] 38 Then some of the scribes and Pharisees said to him, “Teacher,[aa] we wish to see a sign from you.”(U) 39 He said to them in reply, “An evil and unfaithful[ab] generation seeks a sign, but no sign will be given it except the sign of Jonah the prophet. 40 Just as Jonah was in the belly of the whale three days and three nights,[ac] so will the Son of Man be in the heart of the earth three days and three nights. 41 [ad]At the judgment, the men of Nineveh will arise with this generation and condemn it, because they repented at the preaching of Jonah; and there is something greater than Jonah here. 42 At the judgment the queen of the south will arise with this generation and condemn it, because she came from the ends of the earth to hear the wisdom of Solomon; and there is something greater than Solomon here.(V)

The Return of the Unclean Spirit.[ae] 43 (W)“When an unclean spirit goes out of a person it roams through arid regions searching for rest but finds none. 44 Then it says, ‘I will return to my home from which I came.’ But upon returning, it finds it empty, swept clean, and put in order. 45 Then it goes and brings back with itself seven other spirits more evil than itself, and they move in and dwell there; and the last condition of that person is worse than the first. Thus it will be with this evil generation.”

The True Family of Jesus.[af] 46 (X)While he was still speaking to the crowds, his mother and his brothers appeared outside, wishing to speak with him. 47 [Someone told him, “Your mother and your brothers are standing outside, asking to speak with you.”][ag] 48 But he said in reply to the one who told him, “Who is my mother? Who are my brothers?” 49 And stretching out his hand toward his disciples, he said, “Here are my mother and my brothers. 50 For whoever does the will of my heavenly Father is my brother, and sister, and mother.”

Footnotes

  1. 12:1–14 Matthew here returns to the Marcan order that he left in Mt 9:18. The two stories depend on Mk 2:23–28; 3:1–6, respectively, and are the only places in either gospel that deal explicitly with Jesus’ attitude toward sabbath observance.
  2. 12:1–2 The picking of the heads of grain is here equated with reaping, which was forbidden on the sabbath (Ex 34:21).
  3. 12:3–4 See 1 Sm 21:2–7. In the Marcan parallel (Mk 2:25–26) the high priest is called Abiathar, although in 1 Samuel this action is attributed to Ahimelech. The Old Testament story is not about a violation of the sabbath rest; its pertinence to this dispute is that a violation of the law was permissible because of David’s men being without food.
  4. 12:5–6 This and the following argument (Mt 12:7) are peculiar to Matthew. The temple service seems to be the changing of the showbread on the sabbath (Lv 24:8) and the doubling on the sabbath of the usual daily holocausts (Nm 28:9–10). The argument is that the law itself requires work that breaks the sabbath rest, because of the higher duty of temple service. If temple duties outweigh the sabbath law, how much more does the presence of Jesus, with his proclamation of the kingdom (something greater than the temple), justify the conduct of his disciples.
  5. 12:7 See note on Mt 9:13.
  6. 12:8 The ultimate justification for the disciples’ violation of the sabbath rest is that Jesus, the Son of Man, has supreme authority over the law.
  7. 12:10 Rabbinic tradition later than the gospels allowed relief to be given to a sufferer on the sabbath if life was in danger. This may also have been the view of Jesus’ Pharisaic contemporaries. But the case here is not about one in danger of death.
  8. 12:11 Matthew omits the question posed by Jesus in Mk 3:4 and substitutes one about rescuing a sheep on the sabbath, similar to that in Lk 14:5.
  9. 12:14 See Mk 3:6. Here the plan to bring about Jesus’ death is attributed to the Pharisees only. This is probably due to the situation of Matthew’s church, when the sole opponents were the Pharisees.
  10. 12:15–21 Matthew follows Mk 3:7–12 but summarizes his source in two verses (Mt 12:15, 16) that pick up the withdrawal, the healings, and the command for silence. To this he adds a fulfillment citation from the first Servant Song (Is 42:1–4) that does not correspond exactly to either the Hebrew or the LXX of that passage. It is the longest Old Testament citation in this gospel, emphasizing the meekness of Jesus, the Servant of the Lord, and foretelling the extension of his mission to the Gentiles.
  11. 12:15 Jesus’ knowledge of the Pharisees’ plot and his healing all are peculiar to Matthew.
  12. 12:19 The servant’s not contending is seen as fulfilled in Jesus’ withdrawal from the disputes narrated in Mt 12:1–14.
  13. 12:21 Except for a minor detail, Matthew here follows the LXX, although the meaning of the Hebrew (“the coastlands will wait for his teaching”) is similar.
  14. 12:22–32 For the exorcism, see note on Mt 9:32–34. The long discussion combines Marcan and Q material (Mk 3:22–30; Lk 11:19–20, 23; 12:10). Mk 3:20–21 is omitted, with a consequent lessening of the sharpness of Mt 12:48.
  15. 12:23 See note on Mt 9:27.
  16. 12:24 See note on Mt 10:25.
  17. 12:25–26 Jesus’ first response to the Pharisees’ charge is that if it were true, Satan would be destroying his own kingdom.
  18. 12:27 Besides pointing out the absurdity of the charge, Jesus asks how the work of Jewish exorcists (your own people) is to be interpreted. Are they, too, to be charged with collusion with Beelzebul? For an example of Jewish exorcism see Josephus, Antiquities 8:42–49.
  19. 12:28 The Q parallel (Lk 11:20) speaks of the “finger” rather than of the “spirit” of God. While the difference is probably due to Matthew’s editing, he retains the kingdom of God rather than changing it to his usual “kingdom of heaven.” Has come upon you: see Mt 4:17.
  20. 12:29 A short parable illustrates what Jesus is doing. The strong man is Satan, whom Jesus has tied up and whose house he is plundering. Jewish expectation was that Satan would be chained up in the last days (Rev 20:2); Jesus’ exorcisms indicate that those days have begun.
  21. 12:30 This saying, already attached to the preceding verses in Q (see Lk 11:23), warns that there can be no neutrality where Jesus is concerned. Its pertinence in a context where Jesus is addressing not the neutral but the bitterly opposed is not clear. The accusation of scattering, however, does fit the situation. Jesus is the shepherd of God’s people (Mt 2:6), his mission is to the lost sheep of Israel (Mt 15:24); the Pharisees, who oppose him, are guilty of scattering the sheep.
  22. 12:31 Blasphemy against the Spirit: the sin of attributing to Satan (Mt 12:24) what is the work of the Spirit of God (Mt 12:28).
  23. 12:33 Declare: literally, “make.” The meaning of this verse is obscure. Possibly it is a challenge to the Pharisees either to declare Jesus and his exorcisms good or both of them bad. A tree is known by its fruit; if the fruit is good, so must the tree be. If the driving out of demons is good, so must its source be.
  24. 12:34 The admission of Jesus’ goodness cannot be made by the Pharisees, for they are evil, and the words that proceed from their evil hearts cannot be good.
  25. 12:36–37 If on the day of judgment people will be held accountable for even their careless words, the vicious accusations of the Pharisees will surely lead to their condemnation.
  26. 12:38–42 This section is mainly from Q (see Lk 11:29–32). Mk 8:11–12, which Matthew has followed in Mt 16:1–4, has a similar demand for a sign. The scribes and Pharisees refuse to accept the exorcisms of Jesus as authentication of his claims and demand a sign that will end all possibility of doubt. Jesus’ response is that no such sign will be given. Because his opponents are evil and see him as an agent of Satan, nothing will convince them.
  27. 12:38 Teacher: see note on Mt 8:19. In Mt 16:1 the request is for a sign “from heaven” (Mk 8:11).
  28. 12:39 Unfaithful: literally, “adulterous.” The covenant between God and Israel was portrayed as a marriage bond, and unfaithfulness to the covenant as adultery; cf. Hos 2:4–14; Jer 3:6–10.
  29. 12:40 See Jon 2:1. While in Q the sign was simply Jonah’s preaching to the Ninevites (Lk 11:30, 32), Matthew here adds Jonah’s sojourn in the belly of the whale for three days and three nights, a prefigurement of Jesus’ sojourn in the abode of the dead and, implicitly, of his resurrection.
  30. 12:41–42 The Ninevites who repented (see Jon 3:1–10) and the queen of the south (i.e., of Sheba; see 1 Kgs 10:1–13) were pagans who responded to lesser opportunities than have been offered to Israel in the ministry of Jesus, something greater than Jonah or Solomon. At the final judgment they will condemn the faithless generation that has rejected him.
  31. 12:43–45 Another Q passage; cf. Mt 11:24–26. Jesus’ ministry has broken Satan’s hold over Israel, but the refusal of this evil generation to accept him will lead to a worse situation than what preceded his coming.
  32. 12:46–50 See Mk 3:31–35. Matthew has omitted Mk 3:20–21 which is taken up in Mk 3:31 (see note on Mt 12:22–32), yet the point of the story is the same in both gospels: natural kinship with Jesus counts for nothing; only one who does the will of his heavenly Father belongs to his true family.
  33. 12:47 This verse is omitted in some important textual witnesses, including Codex Sinaiticus (original reading) and Codex Vaticanus.
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