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78 Een leerzaam gedicht van Asaf.

Luister mijn volk, naar wat ik u leer.
Luister goed naar wat mijn mond zegt.
Ik wil wijze dingen zeggen
en u vertellen wat van oudsher nog een geheim was.
Wat wij weten, hebben wij van onze ouders gehoord.
Zij vertelden het ons.
Wij vertellen het weer door
aan ons nageslacht, kinderen en kleinkinderen.
Wij vertellen hun
over de grote daden van de Here,
over zijn kracht
en over de wonderen die Hij heeft gedaan.
Hij richtte in ons land gedenktekens op die aan Hem herinnerden
en gaf ons volk zijn wet, de wet van Israël.
Hij gaf onze voorouders bevel
het aan de kinderen door te geven.
Zodat steeds het volgende geslacht het zou horen.
Ieder kind dat werd geboren, moest het weten.
Daarop zouden zij het weer aan hun kinderen doorvertellen.
Zodat elke generatie haar vertrouwen op God zou stellen,
dat zij Gods werk nooit zouden vergeten
en zijn regels zouden naleven.
Opdat zij niet als hun voorouders zouden worden,
want dat waren opstandige en eigenwijze mensen.
Onevenwichtig in hun optreden en ontrouw tegenover God.
De zonen van Efraïm,
die zo goed waren in het boogschieten,
kwamen niet in het veld toen er moest worden gevochten.
10 Zij hielden Gods geboden niet
en weigerden zijn wet te gehoorzamen.
11 Zij dachten niet aan alles wat Hij had gedaan
en vergaten zijn wonderen, die zij toch hadden gezien.
12 Hun voorouders hadden zelf zijn wonderen gezien
die Hij in Egypte had gedaan, in de stad Zoan.
13 Hij spleet het water in tweeën
en leidde het volk er dwars doorheen.
Het water stond als een dam aan weerszijden van hen.
14 Overdag leidde Hij hen door een wolk die hen voorging,
en ʼs nachts door een helder licht.
15 Hij liet in de woestijn het water uit de rotsen komen,
zodat zij meer dan voldoende te drinken hadden.
16 Zo liet Hij een waterbeek uit een rots stromen,
het water kwam als een rivier naar beneden.
17 Toch bleven zij tegen Hem zondigen,
daar in die woestijn bleven zij opstandig tegen God.
18 Zij daagden Hem uit door naar lekker eten te vragen.
19 Zij verzetten zich tegen God en zeiden:
‘Kan God ons in de woestijn ook te eten geven?
20 Kijk, Hij sloeg wel tegen een rots,
zodat er rijkelijk water uit stroomde,
maar zou Hij ons dan ook wel brood kunnen geven
of het hele volk van vlees kunnen voorzien?’
21 Toen de Here dit hoorde,
werd Hij zeer verontwaardigd.
Hij ontbrandde in woede tegen de Israëlieten.
22 Want zij geloofden niet in Hem
en vertrouwden niet op zijn hulp.
23 Toen liet Hij een bevel uitgaan naar de wolken
en opende de sluizen van de hemel,
24 Hij liet het manna als voedsel op hen neerdalen:
koren uit de hemel.
25 Zo aten zij het brood van de engelen.
Hij gaf hun zoveel te eten dat iedereen genoeg had.
26 Toen liet Hij een flinke oostenwind opsteken
en ook de zuidenwind wakkerde Hij aan.
27 Het vlees kwam op hun hoofden neer,
het was zoveel dat het op regen leek.
Talloze vogels kwamen neer.
28 Zij vielen in het tentenkamp op de grond,
rond hun woningen.
29 Het volk at het en had meer dan genoeg.
Zo voldeed God aan hun verlangen.
30 Terwijl zij hun mond nog niet leeg hadden,
werden zij alweer opstandig tegen God.
31 Maar toen werd God heel boos op hen
en richtte een ware slachting aan
onder de jonge mannen van het volk.
32 Maar zij leerden hier niets van.
Zij gingen door met zondigen
en vertrouwden niet op God,
wiens wonderen zij hadden gezien.
33 Toen bracht Hij dood en verderf onder hen.
34 Pas wanneer Hij hen doodde,
gingen zij weer naar Hem vragen.
Dan zochten zij hun God en bekeerden zich.
35 Dan dachten zij er pas weer aan
dat God hun rots was
en dat God, de Allerhoogste, hen bevrijdde.
36 Maar zij logen en bedrogen Hem met wat zij zeiden.
37 Zij bleven niet bij Hem
en waren Gods verbond al weer ontrouw.
38 Maar de barmhartige God
vergaf hun zonden en vernietigde hen niet.
Vele malen nam Hij zijn woede van hen weg
en vergold hun zonden niet.
39 Hij dacht eraan dat zij maar mensen waren,
vluchtige ademtochten die niet meer terugkomen.
40 Wat waren zij in de woestijn
vaak opstandig tegen Hem
en beledigden zij Hem daar.
41 Steeds weer daagden zij God uit
en deden zij de Heilige God van Israël verdriet.
42 Zij herinnerden zich zijn macht niet,
hoe Hij hen eens bevrijd had.
43 Hoe Hij in Egypte, in de stad Zoan,
zijn wonderen en tekenen had gedaan.
44 Hij veranderde het water van de Nijl in bloed,
hetzelfde deed Hij met de zijrivieren,
zodat niemand kon drinken.
45 Hij stuurde steekvliegen
die hun het leven onmogelijk maakten
en kikkers die overal zaten.
46 Alle gewassen op de akkers
werden kaalgevreten door ongedierte
en daarna kwamen er nog sprinkhanen.
47 De hagel vernielde de druivenoogst
en de ijzel bevroor de moerbeibomen.
48 Ook het vee stierf door de hagel
en de kudden door de bliksem.
49 Hij liet over heel Egypte zijn brandende toorn neerkomen,
zijn boosheid en angstaanjagende woede.
50 Zo ging zijn toorn over heel Egypte.
Hij beschermde hen niet tegen de dood,
maar gaf hen prijs aan de pest.
51 Alle oudste zonen in Egypte stierven.
52 Hij verzamelde zijn volk, zoals men schapen verzamelt.
Als een kudde leidde Hij hen
het land Egypte uit, de woestijn in.
53 Hij bracht de Israëlieten veilig verder
en zij kenden geen angst,
want God had al hun vijanden laten verdrinken.
54 Hij bracht hen naar heilig terrein,
naar de berg die Hij voor Zichzelf had uitgekozen,
de Sinaï.
55 Hij verjoeg de volken die zij tegenkwamen.
Hij gaf Israël hun bezittingen
en liet de twaalf stammen in hun tenten wonen.
56 Maar zij bleven God uitdagen
en waren opstandig tegen God, de Allerhoogste.
Zij hielden zich ook niet aan zijn leefregels.
57 Zij gingen afgoden dienen en werden ontrouw,
zoals eens hun voorouders.
Zij beantwoordden niet aan zijn eisen.
58 Zij tergden Hem met hun afgodenaltaren
en maakten Hem jaloers met hun beeldendienst.
59 God hoorde alles en ontstak in toorn.
Hij steunde het volk niet langer.
60 Hij gaf de tabernakel over in vijandige handen.
Hij verliet hem.
61 Dit sieraad van God kwam in handen van de vijand.
62 Zijn volk kwam terecht in oorlogen,
Hij was boos op zijn volk.
63 De jonge mannen kwamen om
en de schoonheid van de meisjes werd niet meer bezongen.
64 De priesters werden gedood
en de weduwen konden niet meer huilen.
65 Toen werd de Here wakker,
net als een soldaat die van de wijn in slaap gevallen was.
66 Hij sloeg zijn tegenstanders van achteren neer
en versloeg hen smadelijk.
67 Hij kwam niet terug bij de stammen van Jozef.
Efraïm werd niet meer uitgekozen.
68 Hij koos de stam van Juda,
de berg Sion, waarvan Hij zoveel houdt.
69 Daar bouwde Hij zijn nieuwe huis,
het stond er net zo vast als de aarde na de schepping.
70 Zijn knecht David koos Hij uit
en Hij haalde hem weg achter de schapen.
71 Hij hoefde geen schapen meer te weiden, maar nu een volk.
Het volk van Jakob, Israël, werd zijn nieuwe kudde.
72 David weidde het volk met een oprecht hart
en gaf het kundig leiding.

God’s Guidance of His People in Spite of Their Unfaithfulness.

A [a]Maskil of Asaph.

78 (A)Listen, my people, to my [b]instruction;
(B)Incline your ears to the words of my mouth.
I will (C)open my mouth in a parable;
I will tell (D)riddles of old,
Which we have heard and known,
And (E)our fathers have told us.
We will (F)not conceal them from their children,
But we will (G)tell the generation to come the praises of the Lord,
And His power and His (H)wondrous works that He has done.

For He established a (I)testimony in Jacob,
And appointed a (J)law in Israel,
Which He (K)commanded our fathers
That they were to [c](L)teach them to their children,
(M)So that the generation to come would know, (N)the children yet to be born,
That they would arise and (O)tell them to their children,
So that they would put their confidence in God
And (P)not forget the works of God,
But (Q)comply with His commandments,
And (R)not be like their fathers,
A (S)stubborn and rebellious generation,
A generation that (T)did not [d]prepare its heart
And whose spirit was not (U)faithful to God.

The sons of Ephraim [e]were (V)archers equipped with bows,
Yet (W)they turned back on the day of battle.
10 They (X)did not keep the covenant of God
And refused to (Y)walk in His Law;
11 They (Z)forgot His deeds
And His [f]miracles that He had shown them.
12 (AA)He performed wonders before their fathers
In the land of Egypt, in the (AB)field of Zoan.
13 He (AC)divided the sea and caused them to pass through,
And He made the waters stand (AD)up like a heap.
14 Then He led them with the cloud by (AE)day
And all the night with a (AF)light of fire.
15 He (AG)split the rocks in the wilderness
And gave them plenty to drink like the ocean depths.
16 He (AH)brought forth streams from the rock
And made waters run down like rivers.

17 Yet they still continued to sin against Him,
To (AI)rebel against the Most High in the desert.
18 And in their heart they (AJ)put God to the test
By asking for (AK)food [g]that suited their taste.
19 Then they spoke against God;
They said, “(AL)Can God prepare a table in the wilderness?
20 Behold, He (AM)struck the rock so that waters gushed out,
And streams were overflowing;
Can He also provide bread?
Will He prepare (AN)meat for His people?”

21 Therefore the Lord heard and [h]was (AO)full of wrath;
And a fire was kindled against Jacob,
And anger also mounted against Israel,
22 Because they (AP)did not believe in God
And did not trust in His salvation.
23 Yet He commanded the clouds above
And (AQ)opened the doors of heaven;
24 He (AR)rained down manna upon them to eat,
And gave them [i](AS)food from heaven.
25 Man ate the bread of [j]angels;
He sent them [k]food [l](AT)in abundance.
26 He (AU)made the east wind blow in the sky
And by His [m]power He directed the south wind.
27 When He rained meat upon them like the dust,
Even (AV)winged fowl like the sand of the seas,
28 He let them fall in the midst of [n]their camp,
All around their dwellings.
29 So they (AW)ate and were well filled,
And He [o]satisfied their longing.
30 [p]Yet before they had abandoned their longing,
(AX)While their food was in their mouths,
31 The (AY)anger of God rose against them
And killed [q]some of their (AZ)strongest ones,
And [r]subdued the choice men of Israel.
32 In spite of all this they (BA)still sinned
And (BB)did not believe in His wonderful works.
33 So He brought (BC)their days to an end in futility,
And their years to an end in sudden terror.

34 When He killed them, then they (BD)sought Him,
And they returned and searched (BE)diligently for God;
35 And they remembered that God was their (BF)rock,
And the Most High God their (BG)Redeemer.
36 But they (BH)flattered Him with their mouth
And (BI)lied to Him with their tongue.
37 For their heart was not (BJ)steadfast toward Him,
Nor were they faithful with His covenant.
38 But He, being (BK)compassionate, [s](BL)forgave their wrongdoing and did not destroy them;
And often He [t](BM)restrained His anger
And did not stir up all His wrath.
39 So (BN)He remembered that they were only (BO)flesh,
A [u](BP)wind that passes and does not return.

40 How often they (BQ)rebelled against Him in the wilderness
And (BR)grieved Him in the (BS)desert!
41 Again and again they [v](BT)tempted God,
And pained the (BU)Holy One of Israel.
42 They (BV)did not remember (BW)His [w]power,
The day when He (BX)redeemed them from the enemy,
43 When He performed His (BY)signs in Egypt
And His (BZ)marvels in the field of Zoan,
44 And (CA)turned their rivers to blood,
And their streams, so that they could not drink.
45 He sent swarms of (CB)flies among them that devoured them,
And (CC)frogs that destroyed them.
46 He also gave their crops to the (CD)grasshopper
And the product of their labor to the (CE)locust.
47 He [x]destroyed their vines with (CF)hailstones
And their sycamore trees with frost.
48 He also turned their (CG)cattle over to the hailstones,
And their herds to bolts of lightning.
49 He (CH)sent His burning anger upon them,
Fury and indignation and trouble,
A band of [y]destroying angels.
50 He leveled a path for His anger;
He did not spare their souls from death,
But (CI)turned their lives over to the plague,
51 And (CJ)struck all the firstborn in Egypt,
The (CK)first and best of their vigor in the tents of (CL)Ham.
52 But He (CM)led His own people out like sheep,
And guided them in the wilderness (CN)like a flock;
53 He led them (CO)safely, so that they did not fear;
But (CP)the sea engulfed their enemies.

54 So (CQ)He brought them to His holy [z]land,
To this [aa](CR)hill country (CS)which His right hand had gained.
55 He also (CT)drove out the nations from them
And (CU)apportioned them as an inheritance by measurement,
And had the tribes of Israel dwell in their tents.
56 Yet they [ab](CV)tempted and (CW)rebelled against the Most High God
And did not keep His testimonies,
57 But turned back and (CX)acted treacherously like their fathers;
They (CY)turned aside like a treacherous bow.
58 For they (CZ)provoked Him with their (DA)high places
And (DB)moved Him to jealousy with their (DC)carved images.
59 When God heard them, He [ac]was filled with (DD)wrath
And He utterly (DE)rejected Israel;
60 So that He (DF)abandoned the (DG)dwelling place at Shiloh,
The tent [ad]which He had pitched among people,
61 And He gave up His (DH)strength to captivity
And His glory (DI)into the hand of the enemy.
62 He also (DJ)turned His people over to the sword,
And [ae]was filled with wrath at His inheritance.
63 (DK)Fire devoured [af]His young men,
And [ag]His (DL)virgins had no wedding songs.
64 [ah]His (DM)priests fell by the sword,
And [ai]His (DN)widows could not weep.

65 Then the Lord (DO)awoke as if from sleep,
Like a (DP)warrior [aj]overcome by wine.
66 He [ak](DQ)drove His adversaries backward;
He put on them an everlasting disgrace.
67 He also (DR)rejected the tent of Joseph,
And did not choose the tribe of Ephraim,
68 But chose the tribe of Judah,
Mount (DS)Zion, which He loved.
69 And He (DT)built His sanctuary like the heights,
Like the earth which He has established forever.
70 He also (DU)chose His servant David
And took him from the sheepfolds;
71 From [al](DV)the care of the [am]ewes (DW)with nursing lambs He brought him
To (DX)shepherd Jacob His people,
And Israel (DY)His inheritance.
72 So he shepherded them according to the (DZ)integrity of his heart,
And guided them with his skillful hands.

Footnotes

  1. Psalm 78 Title Possibly, Contemplative; or Didactic; or Skillful Psalm
  2. Psalm 78:1 Or law, teaching
  3. Psalm 78:5 Lit make them known
  4. Psalm 78:8 Or put right
  5. Psalm 78:9 Or being
  6. Psalm 78:11 Or wonderful works
  7. Psalm 78:18 Lit to their soul
  8. Psalm 78:21 Or became infuriated
  9. Psalm 78:24 Lit grain
  10. Psalm 78:25 Lit mighty ones
  11. Psalm 78:25 Or provision
  12. Psalm 78:25 Lit to satiation
  13. Psalm 78:26 Or strength
  14. Psalm 78:28 Lit His
  15. Psalm 78:29 Lit brought to them their
  16. Psalm 78:30 Lit They did not turn away from their
  17. Psalm 78:31 Lit among their fat ones
  18. Psalm 78:31 Lit caused to bow down
  19. Psalm 78:38 Lit covered over, atoned for
  20. Psalm 78:38 Lit turned away
  21. Psalm 78:39 Or breath
  22. Psalm 78:41 Or put God to the test
  23. Psalm 78:42 Lit hand
  24. Psalm 78:47 Lit was killing
  25. Psalm 78:49 Lit angels of evil ones; another reading is evil angels
  26. Psalm 78:54 Lit border, territory
  27. Psalm 78:54 Or mountain
  28. Psalm 78:56 Or put to the test
  29. Psalm 78:59 Or became infuriated
  30. Psalm 78:60 Some ancient versions where He dwelt
  31. Psalm 78:62 Or became infuriated
  32. Psalm 78:63 Or their
  33. Psalm 78:63 Or their
  34. Psalm 78:64 Or their
  35. Psalm 78:64 Or their
  36. Psalm 78:65 Or sobered up from
  37. Psalm 78:66 Lit struck
  38. Psalm 78:71 Lit following
  39. Psalm 78:71 Lit ewes that wet-nurse, He

Psalm 78

A maskil[a] of Asaph.

My people, hear my teaching;(A)
    listen to the words of my mouth.
I will open my mouth with a parable;(B)
    I will utter hidden things, things from of old—
things we have heard and known,
    things our ancestors have told us.(C)
We will not hide them from their descendants;(D)
    we will tell the next generation(E)
the praiseworthy deeds(F) of the Lord,
    his power, and the wonders(G) he has done.
He decreed statutes(H) for Jacob(I)
    and established the law in Israel,
which he commanded our ancestors
    to teach their children,
so the next generation would know them,
    even the children yet to be born,(J)
    and they in turn would tell their children.
Then they would put their trust in God
    and would not forget(K) his deeds
    but would keep his commands.(L)
They would not be like their ancestors(M)
    a stubborn(N) and rebellious(O) generation,
whose hearts were not loyal to God,
    whose spirits were not faithful to him.

The men of Ephraim, though armed with bows,(P)
    turned back on the day of battle;(Q)
10 they did not keep God’s covenant(R)
    and refused to live by his law.(S)
11 They forgot what he had done,(T)
    the wonders he had shown them.
12 He did miracles(U) in the sight of their ancestors
    in the land of Egypt,(V) in the region of Zoan.(W)
13 He divided the sea(X) and led them through;
    he made the water stand up like a wall.(Y)
14 He guided them with the cloud by day
    and with light from the fire all night.(Z)
15 He split the rocks(AA) in the wilderness
    and gave them water as abundant as the seas;
16 he brought streams out of a rocky crag
    and made water flow down like rivers.

17 But they continued to sin(AB) against him,
    rebelling in the wilderness against the Most High.
18 They willfully put God to the test(AC)
    by demanding the food they craved.(AD)
19 They spoke against God;(AE)
    they said, “Can God really
    spread a table in the wilderness?
20 True, he struck the rock,
    and water gushed out,(AF)
    streams flowed abundantly,
but can he also give us bread?
    Can he supply meat(AG) for his people?”
21 When the Lord heard them, he was furious;
    his fire broke out(AH) against Jacob,
    and his wrath rose against Israel,
22 for they did not believe in God
    or trust(AI) in his deliverance.
23 Yet he gave a command to the skies above
    and opened the doors of the heavens;(AJ)
24 he rained down manna(AK) for the people to eat,
    he gave them the grain of heaven.
25 Human beings ate the bread of angels;
    he sent them all the food they could eat.
26 He let loose the east wind(AL) from the heavens
    and by his power made the south wind blow.
27 He rained meat down on them like dust,
    birds(AM) like sand on the seashore.
28 He made them come down inside their camp,
    all around their tents.
29 They ate till they were gorged—(AN)
    he had given them what they craved.
30 But before they turned from what they craved,
    even while the food was still in their mouths,(AO)
31 God’s anger rose against them;
    he put to death the sturdiest(AP) among them,
    cutting down the young men of Israel.

32 In spite of all this, they kept on sinning;(AQ)
    in spite of his wonders,(AR) they did not believe.(AS)
33 So he ended their days in futility(AT)
    and their years in terror.
34 Whenever God slew them, they would seek(AU) him;
    they eagerly turned to him again.
35 They remembered that God was their Rock,(AV)
    that God Most High was their Redeemer.(AW)
36 But then they would flatter him with their mouths,(AX)
    lying to him with their tongues;
37 their hearts were not loyal(AY) to him,
    they were not faithful to his covenant.
38 Yet he was merciful;(AZ)
    he forgave(BA) their iniquities(BB)
    and did not destroy them.
Time after time he restrained his anger(BC)
    and did not stir up his full wrath.
39 He remembered that they were but flesh,(BD)
    a passing breeze(BE) that does not return.

40 How often they rebelled(BF) against him in the wilderness(BG)
    and grieved him(BH) in the wasteland!
41 Again and again they put God to the test;(BI)
    they vexed the Holy One of Israel.(BJ)
42 They did not remember(BK) his power—
    the day he redeemed them from the oppressor,(BL)
43 the day he displayed his signs(BM) in Egypt,
    his wonders(BN) in the region of Zoan.
44 He turned their river into blood;(BO)
    they could not drink from their streams.
45 He sent swarms of flies(BP) that devoured them,
    and frogs(BQ) that devastated them.
46 He gave their crops to the grasshopper,(BR)
    their produce to the locust.(BS)
47 He destroyed their vines with hail(BT)
    and their sycamore-figs with sleet.
48 He gave over their cattle to the hail,
    their livestock(BU) to bolts of lightning.
49 He unleashed against them his hot anger,(BV)
    his wrath, indignation and hostility—
    a band of destroying angels.(BW)
50 He prepared a path for his anger;
    he did not spare them from death
    but gave them over to the plague.
51 He struck down all the firstborn of Egypt,(BX)
    the firstfruits of manhood in the tents of Ham.(BY)
52 But he brought his people out like a flock;(BZ)
    he led them like sheep through the wilderness.
53 He guided them safely, so they were unafraid;
    but the sea engulfed(CA) their enemies.(CB)
54 And so he brought them to the border of his holy land,
    to the hill country his right hand(CC) had taken.
55 He drove out nations(CD) before them
    and allotted their lands to them as an inheritance;(CE)
    he settled the tribes of Israel in their homes.

56 But they put God to the test
    and rebelled against the Most High;
    they did not keep his statutes.
57 Like their ancestors(CF) they were disloyal and faithless,
    as unreliable as a faulty bow.(CG)
58 They angered him(CH) with their high places;(CI)
    they aroused his jealousy with their idols.(CJ)
59 When God heard(CK) them, he was furious;(CL)
    he rejected Israel(CM) completely.
60 He abandoned the tabernacle of Shiloh,(CN)
    the tent he had set up among humans.(CO)
61 He sent the ark of his might(CP) into captivity,(CQ)
    his splendor into the hands of the enemy.
62 He gave his people over to the sword;(CR)
    he was furious with his inheritance.(CS)
63 Fire consumed(CT) their young men,
    and their young women had no wedding songs;(CU)
64 their priests were put to the sword,(CV)
    and their widows could not weep.

65 Then the Lord awoke as from sleep,(CW)
    as a warrior wakes from the stupor of wine.
66 He beat back his enemies;
    he put them to everlasting shame.(CX)
67 Then he rejected the tents of Joseph,
    he did not choose the tribe of Ephraim;(CY)
68 but he chose the tribe of Judah,(CZ)
    Mount Zion,(DA) which he loved.
69 He built his sanctuary(DB) like the heights,
    like the earth that he established forever.
70 He chose David(DC) his servant
    and took him from the sheep pens;
71 from tending the sheep(DD) he brought him
    to be the shepherd(DE) of his people Jacob,
    of Israel his inheritance.
72 And David shepherded them with integrity of heart;(DF)
    with skillful hands he led them.

Footnotes

  1. Psalm 78:1 Title: Probably a literary or musical term