舊約敬拜的禮儀

舊約有敬拜的禮儀和地上的聖幕。 建成後的聖幕共分兩間,外面的一間稱為聖所,擺設了燈臺、桌子和聖餅。 在第二道幔子後面的那一間叫至聖所, 裡面有純金的香壇和包金的約櫃。約櫃裡珍藏著盛嗎哪的金罐、亞倫那根發過芽的手杖和兩塊刻著十誡的石版, 上面有榮耀的基路伯天使,高展翅膀蓋著約櫃上面的施恩座。關於這些事,現在不能一一細說。

這些東西都齊備了,祭司們便經常進入聖所,舉行敬拜。 可是,只有大祭司有資格每年一次獨自進入至聖所,而且每次都要端著血進去,為自己和以色列人的過犯獻上。 聖靈藉此指明,只要頭一個聖幕還在,進入至聖所的路就還沒有開啟。 這件事是一個象徵,告訴現今的世代:所獻的禮物和祭物都不能使敬拜的人良心純全, 10 因為這些不過是關於飲食和各樣潔淨禮儀的外在規條,等新秩序的時代一到,便不再有效了。

美好新約

11 現在基督已經來到,作了美好新約的大祭司,祂進入了那更偉大、更全備、非人手建造、不屬於這個世界的聖幕。 12 祂只進入至聖所一次便完成了永遠的救贖,用的不是山羊和牛犢的血,而是自己的血。 13 如果把山羊血、公牛血和母牛犢的灰灑在污穢的人[a]身上,就可以使他們聖潔,身體得到潔淨, 14 更何況基督藉著永恆的靈把自己毫無瑕疵地獻給上帝呢?祂的血豈不更能洗淨我們的良心,使我們脫離導致滅亡的行為,以便事奉永活的上帝嗎?

15 因此,祂是新約的中保,藉著死亡救贖了觸犯舊約的人,好叫那些蒙召的人得到所應許的永恆基業。

16 凡是遺囑[b],必須等到立遺囑的人死了以後才能生效。 17 如果立遺囑的人依然健在,遺囑就不能生效。 18 正因如此,連立舊約也需要用血才能生效。 19 摩西依照律法向猶太人頒佈所有誡命之後,便用紅色的羊毛和牛膝草蘸了牛犢和山羊的血以及水,灑在律法書和百姓身上, 20 說:「這是上帝用來與你們立約的血。」 21 他又照樣把血灑在聖幕和所有用來獻祭的器具上。 22 根據律法,幾乎所有的器具都要用血來潔淨,因為若不流血,罪就得不到赦免。

23 既然仿照天上的樣式所造的器具需要用祭牲的血來潔淨,天上的原物當然要用更美的祭物來潔淨。 24 因為基督並非進入了人手所造的聖所,那只是真聖所的縮影,祂是進入了天堂,替我們來到上帝面前。 25 祂在天上不必一次又一次地把自己獻上,好像那些大祭司年年都帶著牛羊的血進入至聖所。 26 否則,自創世以來,祂不知道要受難多少次了。但如今在這世代的末期,祂只一次獻上自己,便除去了人的罪。 27 按著定命,人人都有一死,死後還有審判。 28 同樣,基督為了承擔世人的罪,也曾一次獻上自己。祂還要再來,不是來除罪,而是來拯救那些熱切等候祂的人。

Footnotes

  1. 9·13 污穢的人」指在猶太人的宗教禮儀上被視為不潔淨的人。
  2. 9·16 遺囑」希臘文和「約」是同一個字。

Christ Offered a Superior Sacrifice

The first promise had rules for the priests’ service. It also had a holy place on earth. A tent was set up. The first part of this tent was called the holy place. The lamp stand, the table, and the bread of the presence were in this part of the tent. Behind the second curtain was the part of the tent called the most holy place. It contained the gold incense burner and the ark of the Lord’s promise. The ark was completely covered with gold. In the ark were the gold jar filled with manna, Aaron’s staff that had blossomed, and the tablets on which the promise [a] was written. Above the ark were the angels [b] of glory ⌞with their wings⌟ overshadowing the throne of mercy. (Discussing these things in detail isn’t possible now.)

That is how these two parts of the tent were set up. The priests always went into the first part of the tent to perform their duties. But only the chief priest went into the second part of the tent. Once a year he entered and brought blood that he offered for himself and for the things that the people did wrong unintentionally. The Holy Spirit used this to show that the way into the most holy place was not open while the tent was still in use.

The first part of the tent is an example for the present time. The gifts and sacrifices that were brought there could not give the worshiper a clear conscience. 10 These gifts and sacrifices were meant to be food, drink, and items used in various purification ceremonies. These ceremonies were required for the body until God would establish a new way of doing things.

11 But Christ came as a chief priest of the good things that are now here. Christ went through a better, more perfect tent that was not made by human hands and that is not part of this created world. 12 He used his own blood, not the blood of goats and bulls, for the sacrifice. He went into the most holy place and offered this sacrifice once and for all to free us forever.

13 The blood of goats and bulls and the ashes of cows sprinkled on unclean [c] people made their bodies holy and clean. 14 The blood of Christ, who had no defect, does even more. Through the eternal Spirit he offered himself to God and cleansed our consciences from the useless things we had done. Now we can serve the living God.

15 Because Christ offered himself to God, he is able to bring a new promise from God. Through his death he paid the price to set people free from the sins they committed under the first promise. He did this so that those who are called can be guaranteed an inheritance that will last forever.

16 In order for a will to take effect, it must be shown that the one who made it has died. 17 A will is used only after a person is dead because it goes into effect only when a person dies.

18 That is why even the first promise was made with blood. 19 As Scripture tells us, Moses told all the people every commandment. Then he took the blood of calves and goats together with some water, red yarn, and hyssop and sprinkled the scroll and all the people. 20 He said, “Here is the blood that seals the promise God has made to you.” 21 In the same way, Moses sprinkled blood on the tent and on everything used in worship. 22 As Moses’ Teachings tell us, blood was used to cleanse almost everything, because if no blood is shed, no sins can be forgiven.

23 The copies of the things in heaven had to be cleansed by these sacrifices. But the heavenly things themselves had to be cleansed by better sacrifices. 24 Christ didn’t go into a holy place made by human hands. He didn’t go into a model of the real thing. Instead, he went into heaven to appear in God’s presence on our behalf. 25 Every year the chief priest went into the holy place to make a sacrifice with blood that isn’t his own. However, Christ didn’t go into heaven to sacrifice himself again and again. 26 Otherwise, he would have had to suffer many times since the world was created. But now, at the end of the ages, he has appeared once to remove sin by his sacrifice. 27 People die once, and after that they are judged. 28 Likewise, Christ was sacrificed once to take away the sins of humanity, and after that he will appear a second time. This time he will not deal with sin, but he will save those who eagerly wait for him.

Footnotes

  1. 9:4 Or “covenant.”
  2. 9:5 Or “cherubim.”
  3. 9:13 Unclean   ” refers to anything that Moses’ Teachings say is not presentable to God.

Worship in the Earthly Tabernacle

Now the first covenant had regulations for worship and also an earthly sanctuary.(A) A tabernacle(B) was set up. In its first room were the lampstand(C) and the table(D) with its consecrated bread;(E) this was called the Holy Place.(F) Behind the second curtain was a room called the Most Holy Place,(G) which had the golden altar of incense(H) and the gold-covered ark of the covenant.(I) This ark contained the gold jar of manna,(J) Aaron’s staff that had budded,(K) and the stone tablets of the covenant.(L) Above the ark were the cherubim of the Glory,(M) overshadowing the atonement cover.(N) But we cannot discuss these things in detail now.

When everything had been arranged like this, the priests entered regularly(O) into the outer room to carry on their ministry. But only the high priest entered(P) the inner room,(Q) and that only once a year,(R) and never without blood,(S) which he offered for himself(T) and for the sins the people had committed in ignorance.(U) The Holy Spirit was showing(V) by this that the way(W) into the Most Holy Place had not yet been disclosed as long as the first tabernacle was still functioning. This is an illustration(X) for the present time, indicating that the gifts and sacrifices being offered(Y) were not able to clear the conscience(Z) of the worshiper. 10 They are only a matter of food(AA) and drink(AB) and various ceremonial washings(AC)—external regulations(AD) applying until the time of the new order.

The Blood of Christ

11 But when Christ came as high priest(AE) of the good things that are now already here,[a](AF) he went through the greater and more perfect tabernacle(AG) that is not made with human hands,(AH) that is to say, is not a part of this creation. 12 He did not enter by means of the blood of goats and calves;(AI) but he entered the Most Holy Place(AJ) once for all(AK) by his own blood,(AL) thus obtaining[b] eternal redemption. 13 The blood of goats and bulls(AM) and the ashes of a heifer(AN) sprinkled on those who are ceremonially unclean sanctify them so that they are outwardly clean. 14 How much more, then, will the blood of Christ, who through the eternal Spirit(AO) offered himself(AP) unblemished to God, cleanse our consciences(AQ) from acts that lead to death,[c](AR) so that we may serve the living God!(AS)

15 For this reason Christ is the mediator(AT) of a new covenant,(AU) that those who are called(AV) may receive the promised(AW) eternal inheritance(AX)—now that he has died as a ransom to set them free from the sins committed under the first covenant.(AY)

16 In the case of a will,[d] it is necessary to prove the death of the one who made it, 17 because a will is in force only when somebody has died; it never takes effect while the one who made it is living. 18 This is why even the first covenant was not put into effect without blood.(AZ) 19 When Moses had proclaimed(BA) every command of the law to all the people, he took the blood of calves,(BB) together with water, scarlet wool and branches of hyssop, and sprinkled the scroll and all the people.(BC) 20 He said, “This is the blood of the covenant, which God has commanded you to keep.”[e](BD) 21 In the same way, he sprinkled with the blood both the tabernacle and everything used in its ceremonies. 22 In fact, the law requires that nearly everything be cleansed with blood,(BE) and without the shedding of blood there is no forgiveness.(BF)

23 It was necessary, then, for the copies(BG) of the heavenly things to be purified with these sacrifices, but the heavenly things themselves with better sacrifices than these. 24 For Christ did not enter a sanctuary made with human hands that was only a copy of the true one;(BH) he entered heaven itself,(BI) now to appear for us in God’s presence.(BJ) 25 Nor did he enter heaven to offer himself again and again, the way the high priest enters the Most Holy Place(BK) every year with blood that is not his own.(BL) 26 Otherwise Christ would have had to suffer many times since the creation of the world.(BM) But he has appeared(BN) once for all(BO) at the culmination of the ages to do away with sin by the sacrifice of himself.(BP) 27 Just as people are destined to die once,(BQ) and after that to face judgment,(BR) 28 so Christ was sacrificed once(BS) to take away the sins of many; and he will appear a second time,(BT) not to bear sin,(BU) but to bring salvation(BV) to those who are waiting for him.(BW)

Footnotes

  1. Hebrews 9:11 Some early manuscripts are to come
  2. Hebrews 9:12 Or blood, having obtained
  3. Hebrews 9:14 Or from useless rituals
  4. Hebrews 9:16 Same Greek word as covenant; also in verse 17
  5. Hebrews 9:20 Exodus 24:8

El santuario terrenal

Ahora bien, aun el primer pacto tenía ordenanzas de culto(A) y el santuario terrenal(B). Porque había un tabernáculo[a] preparado(C) en la parte anterior[b], en el cual estaban el candelabro(D), la mesa(E) y los panes consagrados[c](F); este se llama el Lugar Santo. Y detrás del segundo velo(G) había un tabernáculo llamado el Lugar Santísimo(H), el cual tenía el altar de oro del incienso[d](I) y el arca del pacto(J) cubierta toda de oro, en la cual había una urna de oro(K) que contenía el maná y la vara de Aarón(L) que retoñó y las tablas del pacto(M); y sobre ella estaban los querubines de gloria(N) que daban sombra al propiciatorio(O); pero de estas cosas no se puede hablar ahora en detalle. Así preparadas estas cosas, los sacerdotes entran continuamente(P) al primer[e] tabernáculo para oficiar en el culto; pero en el segundo(Q), solo entra el sumo sacerdote(R) una vez al año(S), no sin llevar sangre(T), la cual ofrece por sí mismo(U) y por los pecados del pueblo cometidos en ignorancia[f](V). Queriendo el Espíritu Santo(W) dar a entender esto: que el camino al Lugar Santísimo[g](X) aún no había sido revelado en tanto que el primer tabernáculo permaneciera en pie; lo cual es un símbolo para el tiempo presente, según el cual se presentan ofrendas y sacrificios(Y) que no pueden hacer perfecto(Z) en su conciencia al que practica ese culto, 10 puesto que tienen que ver solo con comidas(AA) y bebidas(AB), y diversas abluciones[h](AC) y ordenanzas para el cuerpo[i](AD), impuestas hasta el tiempo de reformar las cosas(AE).

La sangre del nuevo pacto

11 Pero cuando Cristo apareció como Sumo Sacerdote(AF) de los bienes futuros[j](AG), a través de[k] un mayor y más perfecto tabernáculo(AH), no hecho con manos(AI), es decir, no de esta creación(AJ), 12 y no por medio de la sangre de machos cabríos y de becerros(AK), sino por medio de su propia sangre(AL), entró al Lugar Santísimo(AM) una vez para siempre(AN), habiendo obtenido[l] redención eterna(AO). 13 Porque si la sangre de los machos cabríos y de los toros(AP), y la ceniza de la becerra(AQ) rociada sobre los que se han contaminado[m], santifican para la purificación[n] de la carne, 14 ¿cuánto más la sangre de Cristo(AR), el cual por el Espíritu eterno[o](AS) se ofreció a sí mismo sin mancha a Dios(AT), purificará vuestra[p] conciencia(AU) de obras muertas(AV) para servir al Dios vivo(AW)? 15 Y por eso Él(AX) es el mediador(AY) de un nuevo pacto[q](AZ), a fin de que habiendo tenido lugar una muerte para la redención de las transgresiones que se cometieron bajo el primer pacto[r], los que han sido llamados(BA) reciban la promesa(BB) de la herencia eterna(BC). 16 Porque donde hay un testamento[s], necesario es que ocurra[t] la muerte del testador. 17 Pues un testamento[u] es válido solo en caso de muerte[v], puesto que no se pone en vigor mientras vive el testador[w]. 18 Por tanto, ni aun el primer pacto[x] se inauguró sin sangre. 19 Porque cuando Moisés terminó de promulgar[y] todos los mandamientos a todo el pueblo(BD), conforme a la ley(BE), tomó la sangre de los becerros y de los machos cabríos(BF), con agua, lana escarlata e hisopo(BG), y roció el libro mismo(BH) y a todo el pueblo, 20 diciendo: Esta es la sangre del pacto que Dios os ordeno[z](BI). 21 Y de la misma manera roció con sangre tanto el tabernáculo(BJ) como todos los utensilios del ministerio. 22 Y según la ley, casi todo(BK) es purificado con sangre, y sin derramamiento de sangre no hay perdón(BL).

El sacrificio definitivo

23 Por tanto, fue necesario que las representaciones[aa] de las cosas en los cielos(BM) fueran purificadas de esta manera, pero las cosas celestiales mismas(BN), con mejores sacrificios que estos. 24 Porque Cristo no entró en un lugar santo[ab](BO) hecho por manos, una representación[ac] del verdadero(BP), sino en el cielo mismo(BQ), para presentarse ahora en la presencia de Dios por nosotros(BR), 25 y no para ofrecerse a sí mismo muchas veces, como el sumo sacerdote(BS) entra al Lugar Santísimo[ad](BT) cada año con sangre ajena. 26 De otra manera le hubiera sido necesario sufrir muchas veces[ae] desde la fundación del mundo(BU); pero ahora, una sola vez(BV) en la consumación de los siglos(BW), se ha[af] manifestado(BX) para destruir[ag] el pecado por el sacrificio de sí mismo[ah](BY). 27 Y así como está decretado[ai](BZ) que los hombres mueran una sola vez, y después de esto, el juicio(CA), 28 así también Cristo, habiendo sido ofrecido una vez(CB) para llevar los pecados de muchos(CC), aparecerá por segunda vez(CD), sin relación con el pecado(CE), para salvación(CF) de los que ansiosamente le esperan(CG).

Footnotes

  1. Hebreos 9:2 O, tienda sagrada y así en el resto del cap.
  2. Hebreos 9:2 O, el primero
  3. Hebreos 9:2 Lit., los panes de la proposición
  4. Hebreos 9:4 O, incensario de oro
  5. Hebreos 9:6 O, exterior
  6. Hebreos 9:7 Lit., y por la ignorancia del pueblo
  7. Hebreos 9:8 O, santuario
  8. Hebreos 9:10 O, lavamientos ceremoniales
  9. Hebreos 9:10 Lit., la carne
  10. Hebreos 9:11 Algunos mss. antiguos dicen: bienes que ya han venido
  11. Hebreos 9:11 O, apareció por medio de
  12. Hebreos 9:12 U, obteniendo
  13. Hebreos 9:13 O, han sido contaminados
  14. Hebreos 9:13 O, limpieza
  15. Hebreos 9:14 O, su espíritu eterno
  16. Hebreos 9:14 Algunos mss. antiguos dicen: nuestra
  17. Hebreos 9:15 O, testamento
  18. Hebreos 9:15 O, testamento
  19. Hebreos 9:16 O, pacto
  20. Hebreos 9:16 Lit., se traiga
  21. Hebreos 9:17 O, pacto
  22. Hebreos 9:17 Lit., sobre los muertos
  23. Hebreos 9:17 Algunos mss. antiguos dicen: ¿no se pone en vigor...testador?
  24. Hebreos 9:18 O, testamento
  25. Hebreos 9:19 Lit., hablar
  26. Hebreos 9:20 O, diseñó para vosotros
  27. Hebreos 9:23 Lit., copias
  28. Hebreos 9:24 O, santuario
  29. Hebreos 9:24 Lit., copia
  30. Hebreos 9:25 O, santuario
  31. Hebreos 9:26 O, con frecuencia
  32. Hebreos 9:26 O, ha sido
  33. Hebreos 9:26 O, anular, o, quitar
  34. Hebreos 9:26 O, por su sacrificio
  35. Hebreos 9:27 Lit., establecido