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Оправдание Иброхима по вере

Что мы можем сказать о нашем предке Иброхиме? Что же он приобрёл? Если бы Иброхим получил оправдание по делам, то ему было бы чем хвалиться, но только не перед Всевышним. Ведь, что говорит Писание? «Иброхим поверил Всевышнему, и это было вменено ему в праведность»[a].

Плата работнику – это не дар, а положенное вознаграждение. Тому же, кто не полагается на дела, но верит Всевышнему, Который оправдывает нечестивого, в праведность вменяется сама его вера.

Довуд утверждает то же самое, говоря о благословении, получаемом человеком, которому Всевышний вменяет праведность независимо от его дел:

«Благословенны те,
    чьи беззакония прощены
    и чьи грехи покрыты!
Благословен тот,
    кому Вечный[b] не вменит греха»[c].

Относится ли это благословение к обрезанным или также и к необрезанным? Мы говорили о том, что Иброхиму вера была вменена в праведность. 10 Когда она была вменена ему? До обрезания или после? Не после, а до обрезания![d] 11 Знак обрезания он получил уже потом, как подтверждение того, что был праведен по вере, когда ещё был необрезанным. Таким образом он стал отцом всех верующих, которые не обрезаны, чтобы и им тоже была вменена праведность. 12 Он также является отцом и всех обрезанных, не только прошедших обряд обрезания, но и идущих путём веры, которую имел наш отец Иброхим ещё до обрезания.

Обещание Иброхиму – для всех верующих

13 Ведь не через Закон Иброхим и его потомки получили обещание, что им будет отдан в наследство мир,[e] а потому, что они были праведны по вере. 14 Если бы наследниками Иброхима были те, кто возлагает свои надежды на исполнение Закона, то вера была бы напрасной и само обещание было бы бессмысленно. 15 Ведь нарушение Закона вызывает гнев Всевышнего, но где нет Закона, там нет и преступления Закона.

16 Итак, вера нужна для того, чтобы обещание было по благодати, и чтобы оно было действительно для всех потомков Иброхима: не только для тех, кто возлагает свои надежды на исполнение Закона, но и для тех, у кого есть вера, подобная вере Иброхима. Он отец всех нас, 17 как и написано: «Я сделал тебя отцом множества народов»[f]. Он наш отец перед Всевышним, Которому он поверил, – перед Всевышним, оживляющим мёртвых и творящим то, чего не было прежде.

18 Ведь, когда не оставалось никакой надежды, Иброхим всё-таки поверил с надеждой, поэтому он и стал отцом многих народов, как и было сказано: «Так многочисленно будет твоё потомство»[g]. 19 Его вера не ослабела, хотя он понимал, что его тело почти омертвело, ведь ему было около ста лет, и Соро была слишком стара, чтобы иметь детей.[h] 20 Его вера в обещания Всевышнего не поколебалась, наоборот, он был твёрд в вере и славил Всевышнего. 21 Он твёрдо верил, что у Всевышнего есть сила осуществить то, что Он обещал. 22 И это «было вменено ему в праведность»[i]. 23 Слова «вменено ему» относятся не только к одному Иброхиму, 24 они относятся и к нам. Вменено будет и нам, потому что мы верим в Того, Кто воскресил из мёртвых нашего Повелителя Исо, 25 Который из-за наших грехов был предан смерти и воскрес для нашего оправдания.

Footnotes

  1. Рим 4:3 Нач. 15:6.
  2. Рим 4:8 Вечный – греческим словом «кюриос», стоящим здесь в оригинальном тексте, в Инджиле переведено еврейское «Яхве». А так как в данном издании Священного Писания «Яхве» переведено как «Вечный», то и его греческий эквивалент переведён так же. Под именем «Яхве» Всевышний открылся Мусо и народу Исроила (см. Исх. 3:13-15). См. пояснительный словарь.
  3. Рим 4:8 Заб. 31:1-2.
  4. Рим 4:10 Иброхим был оправдан Всевышним ещё до рождения своего сына Исмоила (см. Нач. 15:6; 16:15), а когда они были обрезаны, Исмоилу было уже 13 лет (см. Нач. 17:24-26).
  5. Рим 4:13 См. Нач. 12:3; 15:5; 18:18; 22:17-18; Заб. 2:8.
  6. Рим 4:17 Нач. 17:5.
  7. Рим 4:18 Нач. 15:5.
  8. Рим 4:19 См. Нач. 18:11; 21:5; Евр. 11:11-12, 17-19.
  9. Рим 4:22 Нач. 15:6.

What shall we say then that Abraham our father, as pertaining to the flesh, hath found?

For if Abraham were justified by works, he hath whereof to glory; but not before God.

For what saith the scripture? Abraham believed God, and it was counted unto him for righteousness.

Now to him that worketh is the reward not reckoned of grace, but of debt.

But to him that worketh not, but believeth on him that justifieth the ungodly, his faith is counted for righteousness.

Even as David also describeth the blessedness of the man, unto whom God imputeth righteousness without works,

Saying, Blessed are they whose iniquities are forgiven, and whose sins are covered.

Blessed is the man to whom the Lord will not impute sin.

Cometh this blessedness then upon the circumcision only, or upon the uncircumcision also? for we say that faith was reckoned to Abraham for righteousness.

10 How was it then reckoned? when he was in circumcision, or in uncircumcision? Not in circumcision, but in uncircumcision.

11 And he received the sign of circumcision, a seal of the righteousness of the faith which he had yet being uncircumcised: that he might be the father of all them that believe, though they be not circumcised; that righteousness might be imputed unto them also:

12 And the father of circumcision to them who are not of the circumcision only, but who also walk in the steps of that faith of our father Abraham, which he had being yet uncircumcised.

13 For the promise, that he should be the heir of the world, was not to Abraham, or to his seed, through the law, but through the righteousness of faith.

14 For if they which are of the law be heirs, faith is made void, and the promise made of none effect:

15 Because the law worketh wrath: for where no law is, there is no transgression.

16 Therefore it is of faith, that it might be by grace; to the end the promise might be sure to all the seed; not to that only which is of the law, but to that also which is of the faith of Abraham; who is the father of us all,

17 (As it is written, I have made thee a father of many nations,) before him whom he believed, even God, who quickeneth the dead, and calleth those things which be not as though they were.

18 Who against hope believed in hope, that he might become the father of many nations, according to that which was spoken, So shall thy seed be.

19 And being not weak in faith, he considered not his own body now dead, when he was about an hundred years old, neither yet the deadness of Sarah's womb:

20 He staggered not at the promise of God through unbelief; but was strong in faith, giving glory to God;

21 And being fully persuaded that, what he had promised, he was able also to perform.

22 And therefore it was imputed to him for righteousness.

23 Now it was not written for his sake alone, that it was imputed to him;

24 But for us also, to whom it shall be imputed, if we believe on him that raised up Jesus our Lord from the dead;

25 Who was delivered for our offences, and was raised again for our justification.

И тъй, запитваме ние, нашият отец Авраам какво е придобил по плът?

(A)Ако Авраам се оправда с дела, той има похвала, но не пред Бога.

(B)Защото, какво казва Писанието? „Повярва Авраам на Бога, и това му се вмени за оправдание“.

(C)На оногова, който работи, заплатата се вменява не по милост, а по дълг.

Напротив, ономува, който не работи, а вярва в Оногова, Който оправдава нечестивеца, вярата му се вменява за оправдание.

Тъй и Давид нарича блажен оня човек, комуто Бог вменява оправдание без дела по закона, като казва:

(D)„блажени са ония, чиито беззакония са простени и чиито грехове са покрити;

блажен е оня човек, комуто Господ няма да вмени грях“.

И тъй, това блаженство само за обрязани ли е, или и за необрязани? Понеже казваме, че на Авраама биде вменена вярата за оправдание.

10 Кога биде вменена: след обрязването ли, или преди обрязването? Не след обрязването, а преди обрязването.

11 (E)И знака на обрязването той получи като печат на оправданието чрез вярата, която имаше преди обрязването си, за да бъде отец на всички необрязани вярващи, та и тям да се вмени оправданието,

12 и отец на обрязаните, ала не на ония, които само обрязване са приели, но които и вървят по стъпките на вярата на отца ни Авраама, що имаше той преди обрязването си.

13 (F)Защото обещанието към Авраама или към семето му – да бъде наследник на света, се даде не чрез закона, а чрез оправдаване посредством вярата.

14 Ако привържениците на закона са наследници, вярата е обезсилена, и обещанието унищожено;

15 (G)защото законът поражда гняв; дето пък няма закон, няма и престъпление.

16 Затова оправданието е от вяра, за да бъде по милост, та и обещанието да бъде заздравено за всички не само по закон, но и по вяра потомци на Авраама, който е отец на всички ни,

17 (H)според както е писано: „поставих те баща на много народи“, пред Бога, Комуто той повярва, Който животвори мъртвите и зове несъществуващото като съществуващо.

18 (I)Авраам, без никакво основание за надежда, повярва с надежда, че ще стане баща на много народи, според казаното: „тъй многобройно ще бъде семето ти“.

19 И без да отслабне във вярата, той не помисли, че тялото му е вече умъртвяло (понеже беше току-речи стогодишен) и утробата Саррина е в омъртвение;

20 а в обещанието Божие се не усъмни чрез неверие, но остана твърд във вярата, като въздаде Богу слава,

21 (J)напълно уверен, че Той е силен и да изпълни това, що е обещал.

22 Затова му се вмени за праведност.

23 (K)Но не само за него е писано, че му се е вменило,

24 но и за нас: ще се вмени и нам, вярващите в Оногова, Който възкреси от мъртвите Иисуса Христа, Господа нашего,

25 (L)предадения за нашите грехове и възкръсналия за наше оправдаване.

Abraham Justified by Faith

What then shall we say(A) that Abraham, our forefather according to the flesh,(B) discovered in this matter? If, in fact, Abraham was justified by works, he had something to boast about—but not before God.(C) What does Scripture say? “Abraham believed God, and it was credited to him as righteousness.”[a](D)

Now to the one who works, wages are not credited as a gift(E) but as an obligation. However, to the one who does not work but trusts God who justifies the ungodly, their faith is credited as righteousness.(F) David says the same thing when he speaks of the blessedness of the one to whom God credits righteousness apart from works:

“Blessed are those
    whose transgressions are forgiven,
    whose sins are covered.
Blessed is the one
    whose sin the Lord will never count against them.”[b](G)

Is this blessedness only for the circumcised, or also for the uncircumcised?(H) We have been saying that Abraham’s faith was credited to him as righteousness.(I) 10 Under what circumstances was it credited? Was it after he was circumcised, or before? It was not after, but before! 11 And he received circumcision as a sign, a seal of the righteousness that he had by faith while he was still uncircumcised.(J) So then, he is the father(K) of all who believe(L) but have not been circumcised, in order that righteousness might be credited to them. 12 And he is then also the father of the circumcised who not only are circumcised but who also follow in the footsteps of the faith that our father Abraham had before he was circumcised.

13 It was not through the law that Abraham and his offspring received the promise(M) that he would be heir of the world,(N) but through the righteousness that comes by faith.(O) 14 For if those who depend on the law are heirs, faith means nothing and the promise is worthless,(P) 15 because the law brings wrath.(Q) And where there is no law there is no transgression.(R)

16 Therefore, the promise comes by faith, so that it may be by grace(S) and may be guaranteed(T) to all Abraham’s offspring—not only to those who are of the law but also to those who have the faith of Abraham. He is the father of us all.(U) 17 As it is written: “I have made you a father of many nations.”[c](V) He is our father in the sight of God, in whom he believed—the God who gives life(W) to the dead and calls(X) into being things that were not.(Y)

18 Against all hope, Abraham in hope believed and so became the father of many nations,(Z) just as it had been said to him, “So shall your offspring be.”[d](AA) 19 Without weakening in his faith, he faced the fact that his body was as good as dead(AB)—since he was about a hundred years old(AC)—and that Sarah’s womb was also dead.(AD) 20 Yet he did not waver through unbelief regarding the promise of God, but was strengthened(AE) in his faith and gave glory to God,(AF) 21 being fully persuaded that God had power to do what he had promised.(AG) 22 This is why “it was credited to him as righteousness.”(AH) 23 The words “it was credited to him” were written not for him alone, 24 but also for us,(AI) to whom God will credit righteousness—for us who believe in him(AJ) who raised Jesus our Lord from the dead.(AK) 25 He was delivered over to death for our sins(AL) and was raised to life for our justification.(AM)

Footnotes

  1. Romans 4:3 Gen. 15:6; also in verse 22
  2. Romans 4:8 Psalm 32:1,2
  3. Romans 4:17 Gen. 17:5
  4. Romans 4:18 Gen. 15:5