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Daniel 7-12
New Catholic Bible
Daniel 7-12
New Catholic Bible
Apocalypse: Visions of Daniel concerning the Future[a]
The Visions of the Beasts and the Son of Man[b]
Chapter 7
Four Great Beasts Come Up from the Sea.[c] 1 In the first year that Belshazzar was king of Babylon, Daniel had a dream and experienced visions in his mind as he lay in bed. Then he wrote down his account of the dream as follows:
2 In the vision I saw during the night, I, Daniel, beheld the four winds of heaven churning up the great sea. 3 Four huge beasts then emerged from the sea, each one different from the others. 4 The first was like a lion, but with the wings of an eagle. As I watched, its wings were plucked off, and it was lifted up from the ground and made to stand on two feet as if it were a human being. It was also given a human heart.
5 Then a second beast appeared that looked like a bear. It was raised up on one of its sides, and it had three ribs in its mouth between its teeth. The order was given to it: “Arise and gorge yourself with bodies.”
6 After this, as I watched, another beast appeared, like a leopard. On its back it had four wings like those of a bird, and it had four heads. This beast was given dominion.
7 After this, in my night visions, I beheld a fourth beast terrifying, fearsome, and exceedingly strong. With its great iron teeth it devoured and crushed its victims, and it trampled their remains with its feet. It was different from all of the preceding beasts, and it had ten horns.
8 While I was gazing up at these horns, I beheld another horn, a small one, sprouting in their midst. Three of the other horns were uprooted to make room for it. This horn had eyes like human eyes, and a mouth that spoke with arrogance.
One Like the Son of Man[d]
9 While I was watching,
thrones were set in place,
and the Ancient One sat on his throne.
His robe was as white as snow,
and the hair on his head was as pure as wool.
His throne was ablaze with fiery flames,
and its wheels were a burning fire.
10 A stream of fire surged forth
and flowed out from his presence.
Thousands upon thousands served him,
and myriads upon myriads stood before him.
The court was in session,
and the books lay open.
11 Then I continued to watch because of the arrogant words that the horn was speaking. And as I watched the beast was put to death. Its body was destroyed and thrown into the fire to be consumed. 12 As for the other beasts, they lost their dominion, but their lives were prolonged for a season and a time.
13 As the night visions continued,
I beheld approaching on the clouds of heaven
one like a son of man.
He came before the Ancient One
and was presented to him.
14 Dominion and glory and kingship
were conferred upon him
so that all peoples and nations of every language
would become his servants.
His dominion is an everlasting dominion
that will never pass away,
and his kingdom is one
that will never be destroyed.
15 The Kingdom of the Holy Ones of the Most High. I, Daniel, experienced great anguish of spirit, and the visions that flashed through my mind truly terrified me. 16 Therefore, I approached one of those who were standing there and asked him what all this truly signified. He in turn revealed to me what all these things meant, 17 “These four great beasts represent four kingdoms that will arise from the earth. 18 But the holy ones of the Most High shall receive kingly power and possess it forever and ever.”
19 Then I expressed my desire to know about the fourth beast, since it was different from all the rest, and terrifying to behold with its iron teeth and bronze claws, and trampling underfoot and devouring its victims. 20 I also wanted to know about the ten horns on its head, and why the other horn sprouted, before which three of them fell, the horn that had eyes and an arrogant mouth, and whose appearance was more imposing than that of the others.
21 As I watched, this horn was waging war against the holy ones and prevailing over them, 22 until the Ancient One came and pronounced judgment in favor of the holy ones of the Most High, and the time came when the holy ones gained possession of the kingdom. 23 This is the explanation he offered:
“As for the fourth beast,
it signifies a fourth kingdom on earth
that will differ from all other kingdoms.
It shall devour the earth,
trample it underfoot, and crush it to pieces.
24 As for the ten horns,
from this kingdom ten kings shall rise,
and another shall arise after them.
This last king will be different from the earlier ones,
and he will overcome three kings.
25 He will insult the Most High
and oppress the holy ones of the Most High
in his stubborn determination
to change the sacred seasons and the law.
They shall be given into his power
for a time, two times, and half a time.
26 Finally the court will sit in judgment,
and his power will be taken away,
with his sovereignty completely destroyed forever.
27 Then kingship and dominion and the splendor
of all the kingdoms under the heavens
will be given to the holy people of the Most High,
whose kingdom will be everlasting,
and all dominions will serve and obey him.”
28 Here the account ends. I, Daniel, was greatly disturbed by my thoughts, and I turned pale, but I kept these things to myself.
Daniel’s Vision of a Ram and a Goat[e]
Chapter 8
Vision of the Ram and He-Goat. 1 In the third year of the reign of King Belshazzar, I, Daniel, had another vision subsequent to the first vision that I had previously experienced. 2 In my vision I saw myself in the citadel of Susa[f] in the province of Elam, standing by the Ulai canal.
3 When I looked up, I saw a ram standing beside the river. It had two horns. Both of the horns were tall, but one was taller than the other, although the other had appeared first. 4 I observed the ram butting toward the west, the north, and the south. No beast could withstand it or escape from its power. It did as it pleased and became very strong.
5 As I was pondering this, a he-goat appeared from the west, skimming over the entire surface of the world without touching the ground, and between its eyes it had one prominent horn. 6 It approached the two-horned ram, which I had seen standing by the river, and charged it with savage fury.
7 I saw it charge the ram in a fit of rage and attack it with the full force of its fury, breaking both of its horns and leaving the ram powerless to withstand the attack. Having thrown the ram to the ground, it trampled it underfoot, and there was no one there to rescue the ram. 8 The he-goat then grew even more powerful but at the height of its strength the great horn shattered, and in its place there came forth four majestic horns pointing toward the four winds of heaven.
9 Out of one of these horns sprang forth a small horn which grew ever larger and poured forth its strength toward the south and the east and toward the beautiful land. 10 It grew until it reached the host of heaven, after which it flung down to the earth some of the host as well as some of the stars and trampled on them.
11 It even challenged arrogantly the power of the prince of the host. It abolished his right to offer the daily sacrifice and destroyed his sanctuary. 12 The army, too, was abolished, while the daily sacrifice was replaced by sin. It cast truth to the ground and succeeded in everything it did.
13 Then I heard a holy one speaking, and another holy one said to the speaker, “How long will it be before this vision is fulfilled—the vision of sacrifice, the desolation of transgressions, and daily trampling of the sanctuary and the host?” 14 The first one replied, “Until two thousand three hundred evenings and mornings have passed. Then the sanctuary will be purified.”
15 Interpretation of the Vision. While I, Daniel, tried to understand the vision that I had seen, I saw someone standing before me who had the appearance of a man. 16 Then I heard a human voice from the Ulai cry out, “Gabriel, explain to him the meaning of the vision.” 17 As he then approached the place where I was standing, I fell prostrate in terror. However, he said to me, “Understand this, son of man. The vision refers to the end time.”
18 As he spoke to me, I fell to the ground in a trance, face downward. However, he touched me and raised me to my feet. 19 “I will show you,” he said, “what will take place later in the period of wrath, for at the appointed time there will be an end.
20 “The two-horned ram that you saw represents the kings of Media and Persia. 21 The male goat is the king of Greece, and the large horn between its eyes represents the first king. 22 As for the horn that was broken and replaced by four other horns, four kingdoms shall rise from his nation but be lacking his power.
23 “At the end of their reign,
when their sins have reached their zenith,
a king will arise,
bold in countenance and skilled in intrigue.
24 His strength will continually increase,
but not by any power of his own.
He will wreak untold havoc
and succeed in whatever he does.
He will destroy mighty nations
as well as the holy ones, God’s people.
25 “By cunning and deceit,
he will succeed in his treacherous plans.
He will devise great schemes
and wreak havoc on unsuspecting people.
He will finally challenge the power
of the Prince of princes,
but he will be broken
without any human intervention.
26 The vision of the evenings and the mornings
that has been revealed is true.
However, you must keep this vision secret,
because it points to times far ahead.”
27 Then I, Daniel, was overcome by exhaustion, and I lay sick for several days. After that I arose and attended to the king’s business. But I was perplexed by the vision, which I was unable to understand.
The Prophecy of the Seventy Weeks[g]
Chapter 9
According to the Word Revealed to Jeremiah . . . 1 In the first year of Darius, son of Ahasuerus, a Mede by birth, who became ruler of the kingdom of the Chaldeans— 2 in the first year of his reign, I, Daniel, was studying the Scriptures and reflecting on the seventy years that, according to the word of the Lord to the prophet Jeremiah, had to pass before the desolation of Jerusalem would come to an end.
3 Then I turned to the Lord God and pleaded with him in earnest prayer, with fasting, sackcloth, and ashes. 4 I prayed to the Lord, my God, and made this confession, saying:
Lord, Have Mercy.[h] “O Lord, great and awesome God, you who keep your covenant and show your steadfast love to those who love you and observe your commandments: 5 we have sinned and done what is wrong, we have acted wickedly and rebelled, we have rejected your commandments and your laws. 6 We have not listened to your servants the Prophets, who spoke in your name to our kings, our princes, and our fathers, and to all the people of the land.
7 “Righteousness is on your side, O Lord. As for us, we are filled with shame even to this day—we, the people of Judah, the inhabitants of Jerusalem, and all Israel, those who are near and those who are far away, in all the countries to which you have dispersed us because of the treachery that we have committed against you.
8 “O Lord, we are filled with shame—our kings, our princes, and our fathers—for having sinned against you. 9 But you, O Lord, our God, are always prepared to show compassion and forgiveness. Yet we rebelled against you 10 and have not obeyed the voice of the Lord, our God, by following your laws that you have given to us through your servants the Prophets.
11 “All Israel has transgressed your law and turned away from you, refusing to obey your commands. Therefore, the curse and the oath written in the law of Moses, the servant of God, have been poured down upon us because we have sinned against you. 12 You confirmed your threats, which you made against us and our rulers by bringing upon us in Jerusalem the greatest calamity that the world has ever experienced.
13 “Just as it is written[i] in the law of Moses, all this disaster has come upon us. We failed to entreat the favor of the Lord, our God, by renouncing our wickedness and reflecting upon his fidelity. 14 Therefore, the Lord has watched us carefully, and now he has brought this disaster upon us. The Lord is just in all of his dealings with us, but we have not listened to his voice.
15 “And now, O Lord, our God, who led your people out of the land of Egypt with your mighty hand and caused your name to be renowned, even to this very day: we have sinned, we have acted wickedly. 16 Lord, in keeping with your saving deeds, we beg you to allow your anger and wrath to turn away from your city Jerusalem, your holy mountain. As a result of our sins and the crimes of our fathers, Jerusalem and your people have become an object of scorn to all those who surround us.
17 “Now therefore, our God, listen to the prayers and supplications of your servant, and for your own sake, O Lord, let your face shine upon your desolate sanctuary. 18 Incline your ear, O my God, and listen. Open your eyes and look upon our desolation and upon the city that bears your name. We present our petition to you, relying not upon our upright deeds but rather upon your great mercy.
19 “Listen to us, O Lord! Forgive us, O Lord! Do not delay, O my God, for your own sake, because your city and your people bear your name.”
20 Seventy Weeks Are Decreed.[j] While I was still speaking, still occupied with my prayer and confessing my sins and the sins of my people Israel and presenting my supplication to the Lord, my God, on behalf of his holy mountain— 21 while I was still speaking in prayer, the man Gabriel, whom I had seen previously in a vision, swooped down on me in rapid flight at the time of the evening sacrifice.
22 He then spoke these words to me: “Daniel, I have now come down to you to give you understanding. 23 As you began your supplications, an answer was given, and I have come to make it known to you, for you are greatly beloved. Therefore, consider carefully the answer and comprehend the vision.
24 “Seventy weeks are decreed
for your people and your holy city:
for bringing an end to transgression,
for putting an end to sin,
for expiating iniquity,
for introducing everlasting righteousness,
for ratifying vision and prophecy,
and for anointing the Holy of Holies.
25 “Know therefore, and understand this:
From the time that the message was sent:
‘Return and rebuild Jerusalem,’
until the coming of an anointed prince,
there shall be seven weeks.
During sixty-two weeks
it shall be rebuilt and restored
with streets and trenches
in a troubled time.
26 “After the sixty-two weeks
an anointed one will be cut off
and have nothing.
And the troops of a leader who is to come
will destroy the city and the sanctuary.
Then the end will come like a torrent,
and until the end there will be war,
the devastation that has been decreed.
27 “During the space of one week
he will make a firm alliance with many people,
and for the space of half a week
he will put a stop to sacrifice and oblation.
And on the temple wing
will be the terrible abomination
until the end that has been decreed
is poured out upon the desolate city.”
Israel’s Suffering and Deliverance[k]
Chapter 10
Vision of the Hellenistic Wars. 1 In the third year of Cyrus, king of Persia, a revelation was given to Daniel, who had been given the name Belteshazzar. The revelation, which dealt with a great conflict, was valid, and its meaning was disclosed to him in a vision.
2 At that time I, Daniel, had been mourning for three weeks.
3 I refrained from eating any choice food, abstaining from consuming meat or wine, and I did not anoint myself until those three weeks had passed.
4 On the twenty-fourth day of the first month, as I stood on the bank of the great river, the Tigris, 5 I looked up and saw a man dressed in linen, with a belt of pure gold around his waist. 6 His body was like beryl, his face shone like lightning, and his eyes were like fiery torches. His arms and his feet gleamed like burnished bronze, and the sound of his voice was like the roar of a multitude.
7 I, Daniel, was the only one who saw this vision. Those who were with me did not see the vision, but they were seized with such great fear that they fled and hid themselves. 8 Thus I was left alone to behold this great vision. My strength drained away, and I was powerless, as my face turned deathly pale. 9 Then I heard the sound of his voice and as I did so I fell into a trance with my face to the ground.
10 The Mission of the Angel Gabriel. But then I felt a hand touch me, and as I trembled I was raised to my hands and knees. 11 He said, “Daniel, you are greatly loved. Pay close attention to the words that I am about to speak to you. Stand up now, for I have been sent to you.” And when he said this to me, I stood up trembling.
12 Then he continued, “Do not be afraid, Daniel, for from the first day that you resolved to gain understanding and to humble yourself before God, your prayer was heard. It is because of your resolve that I have come to you. 13 The prince of the kingdom of Persia thwarted me for twenty-one days, but finally Michael,[l] one of the chief princes, came to help me. I left him there to confront the prince of the kingdom of Persia, 14 and I have come to explain to you what will happen to your people in the final days. For there is yet a further vision for those days.”
15 While he was speaking these words to me, I prostrated myself on the ground and was speechless. 16 Then someone who looked like a man touched my lips. I opened my mouth and said to the person standing before me, “My lord, anguish has overcome me at this vision, and I no longer have any further strength. 17 How can I, my lord’s servant, speak to you now that I have no strength left in me and my breath fails me?”
18 The one who looked like a man touched me again and strengthened me, saying, 19 “Do not be afraid, greatly beloved. You have been specially chosen. Peace be with you. Have courage and be strong.” 20 As he spoke to me, I once again felt strong, and I said, “Speak, my lord, for you have strengthened me.”
Then he asked, “Do you know why I have come to you? I must first return to fight against the king of Persia, and when I have overcome him, the prince of Greece will appear. 21 But I have been delegated to tell you what is inscribed in the book of truth. There is no one to lend me support except Michael, your prince.
Chapter 11
1 “As for me, in the first year of Darius the Mede, I came forth to support and strengthen him.
Early Struggles between Seleucids and Ptolemies.[m] 2 “Now I shall tell you the truth about these things. Three more kings shall arise in Persia. Then a fourth will appear who will be far richer than all of them, and when he has enhanced his power through his wealth, he will mobilize the entire empire against the kingdom of Greece.[n]
3 “Then a powerful king[o] shall arise who will govern a vast empire and do whatever he pleases. 4 But as his power continues to increase, his kingdom will be broken up and parceled out to the four winds of heaven. However, it will not be inherited by his descendants, nor will it be ruled in the same fashion, for his kingdom will be uprooted and pass to others rather than to his descendants.
5 “The king of the south shall grow strong, but one of his princes shall grow even stronger and rule an empire greater than his. 6 After some years the two will enter into an alliance, and the daughter of the king of the south shall come to the king of the north. However, she will not be able to retain her power, and his offspring will not endure. She will be handed over, along with her attendants and her child and her husband.[p]
7 “Later on, a descendant[q] from her line will arise to take her place. He shall penetrate the defenses of the king of the north, enter his stronghold, and succeed in conquering them. 8 He will even carry away into Egypt, as spoils of war, their gods, with their molten images and precious vessels of silver and gold. For several years he will refrain from attacking the king of the north.
9 “After that, the latter will invade the kingdom of the king of the south, but then return to his own country. 10 However, his sons will prepare for war and assemble a great army that will sweep forth like a flood and advance as far as the enemy’s fortress.[r]
11 “The king of the south will then become enraged and set out to engage in battle with the king of the north. The latter will muster an immense army that will suffer a crushing defeat and be carried off.[s] 12 The heart of the king of the south shall be exalted, and he shall slaughter tens of thousands, but he shall not prevail.[t] 13 For the king of the north will once again raise another army, even larger than before, and finally, after some years, he will advance with a huge force and a great abundance of supplies.
14 “During those times many will take up arms against the king of the south. However, those among your own people who are lawless will rebel in fulfillment of the vision, but they will fail. 15 Then the king of the north will come and erect siege-works and capture the well-fortified city. The army of the south will not be able to withstand him, and not even the elite forces will be strong enough to resist.
16 “The invader will do as he pleases, and no one will be able to withstand him. He will establish a stronghold in the glorious land, and it shall fall completely into his power. 17 He will set his mind on conquering the entire kingdom and will make a treaty with the king of the south. Further, he will give him a daughter in marriage in order to overthrow the kingdom, but this will not succeed or be to his advantage.[u]
18 “Next he will focus his attention on the coastlands and capture many of them, but a commander will put a stop to his outrageous conduct and turn his insolence back upon him.[v] 19 He shall then turn back to the strongholds of his own land, but he will stumble and fall, never to be seen again. 20 His successor[w] shall send forth a tax collector throughout the glorious kingdom, but within a short time this king will also be overthrown and meet his end, although not in anger or in battle.
21 Antiochus IV Epiphanes.“His place shall be taken by a despicable creature upon whom the royal insignia shall not be conferred. Rather, he will come forth without any warning and seize the kingdom through stealth and fraud. 22 A powerful army shall be completely routed and crushed by him. Both it and the prince of the covenant[x] will be destroyed.
23 “After he enters into an alliance, he will act deceitfully, and by treacherous means he will rise to power with only a few supporters. 24 Without advance warning he will invade the most prosperous provinces and do what his fathers or his grandfathers had never done, lavishing plunder, spoil, and riches among them, yet all the while devising plans against their strongholds, but only for a time.
25 “He shall arouse his strength and courage to lead a great army against the kingdom of the south. Meanwhile the king of the south will wage war with a much greater and more powerful army, but he will not succeed because of the plots devised against him. 26 Even those who shared his food will seek to destroy him. His army will be swept away, and many will be slain in battle.[y]
27 “The two kings, their hearts bent on evil though seated at the same table, will exchange lies, but they will not succeed, because the end will not take place until the appointed time. 28 Then the king of the north will return to his land with great riches, but his heart will be set against the holy covenant. He will devise his future plans and return to his own land.
29 “At the appointed time he shall return again to the south, but this time the outcome will not be as it was before. 30 For ships of the Kittim shall come against him, and he will lose heart and withdraw. As he retreats he will vent his fury and direct his energy against the holy covenant, and he will once again show his favor to those who forsake that holy covenant.
31 “Armed forces of his shall obey his command to desecrate the sanctuary, abolish the daily sacrifice, and install the abomination that causes desolation.[z] 32 He will seduce by his deceit those who break the covenant, but those people who are loyal to their God will stand firm and take action.
33 “Wise leaders of the nation shall instruct many, although for a time they will fall by the sword and fire or suffer captivity and exile. 34 When they fall, they will receive a little help, but many will have ulterior motives in offering support. 35 Some of the wise leaders will stumble so that they may be tested, refined, and purified, until the end time, which is still appointed to come.
36 “The king will do as he pleases, exalting himself and considering himself to be greater than any god. He will utter monstrous blasphemies against the God of gods, and he will prosper until the period of divine wrath is completed, for what has been determined must be fulfilled. 37 He shall have no regard for the gods of his ancestors or for the god beloved by women[aa] or for any other god, for he shall consider himself greater than all.
38 “Instead of these, he will honor the god of fortresses, a god unknown to his ancestors. This god he shall honor with gold and silver, precious stones and costly gifts. 39 He will assign the people of a foreign god to defend the fortresses, and he will confer great honors on those whom he favors by appointing them as rulers over many people and distributing land to them as a reward.[ab]
40 The End Time.[ac]“When the time comes for the end, the king of the south will prepare to attack the king of the north, but the latter will overwhelm him with chariots and cavalry and a large fleet. He will invade countries and sweep over them like a flood. 41 He will invade the beautiful land, and many countries will fall, but Edom and Moab and the leaders of the Ammonites will escape from his power.
42 “He will extend his power over many countries, and the land of Egypt will not escape. 43 He will seize control of the treasures of gold and silver and all the riches of Egypt, and the Libyans and Ethiopians will be subject to him.
44 “However, reports from the east and the north shall be a cause of alarm to him, and he will set out in great fury to bring ruin and total destruction to many. 45 He will pitch the tents of the royal pavilion between the sea and the beautiful holy mountain. Yet he shall come to his end, with no one to help him.
Chapter 12
1 “At that time there shall arise
Michael, the great prince,
the guardian of your people.
Then there will be a period
that will be unsurpassed in distress
since nations first came into existence.
At that time your own people will be spared,
everyone whose names are found written in the book.
2 “Many of those shall awake
who sleep in the dust of the earth.
Some shall gain everlasting life;
others will earn shame and everlasting disgrace.
3 However, the wise will shine
like the brightness of the heavens,
and those who lead many to righteousness
will be as bright as the stars forever and ever.
4 As for you, Daniel,
keep these words secret,
and seal the book until the time of the end.
Many shall fall away,
and evils shall increase.”
Daniel’s Final Revelation.[ad] 5 I, Daniel, then looked and saw two others standing, one on the bank of the river and one on the opposite bank. 6 One of them said to the man clothed in linen, who was upstream, “How long shall it be until these incredible events take place?”
7 The man robed in linen who was upstream raised both his right hand and his left hand toward heaven, and I heard him swear by him who lives forever, “It will be for a year, for two years, and half a year, and then all these things will cease when the power of the destroyer of the holy people will come to an end.”
8 I heard what was said but I did not understand, so I asked, “My lord, what will be the outcome of all these things?” 9 He replied, “Go on your way, Daniel, for these words are to be kept secret and remain sealed until the end time.
10 “Many shall be purified, cleansed, and refined, but the wicked will persist in their evil ways. 11 From the time that the daily sacrifice is abolished and the appalling abomination is set up, one thousand two hundred and ninety days will elapse.
12 “Blessed is the man who perseveres and attains one thousand three hundred and thirty-five days. 13 But you, go on your way and rest. Then you will rise for your reward at the end of the ages.”
Footnotes
- Daniel 7:1 Up to this point we have been edified by events in the life of a hero. Now he, himself, speaks in the chiaroscuro language of the apocalypses. The narrative transports the reader beyond the passing scene: the great empires that come and are swallowed up are simply preparations for the events that will mark the end of time. The prophet will also proclaim the mysterious coming of a “son of man” and the resurrection of the righteous.
- Daniel 7:1 This is the most important eschatological passage in the Book of Daniel. The immediate explanation is concerned with the time of Antiochus IV. But there are other Antiochuses in the course of human history.
- Daniel 7:1 These fabulous animals, close relatives of the forces of disorder which are often mentioned in the Bible (Ps 74; Isa 51:9) or in the primitive traditions of the peoples, stand here for the empires that controlled the East from the seventh to the second century before our era. If we may judge by the images he uses, the author sees the order of regimes as follows: Babylon, the Medes, the Persians, and then the Greeks, who have recently astonished the world by the conquests of Alexander the Great, who died in 323 B.C. Alexander’s successors have divided his empire among themselves, and it is this that is presently sowing terror. Horns are always a sign of power; here they symbolize the kings of the Greek dynasty of the Seleucids, who control Syria. The little, destructive horn is Antiochus IV Epiphanes (175–163 B.C.), who has rid himself of more than one of his rivals. This entire scenario, then, is intended to fill out the portrait of this persecuting ruler. But Antiochus IV has passed away, and other haughty regimes have arisen that must be identified with the same critical clarity. The Book of Revelation (Rev 13) takes over the image of the horned beast to signify evil in all the forms in which it is directed against the community of those whom Christ has brought together.
- Daniel 7:9 At this point, a mysterious personage is enthroned: the Man par excellence, who calls to mind the figure of the Servant in Isaiah (Isa 52:13-15) and represents the group of spiritual believers to whom God entrusts his kingdom forever (Dan 7:18, 22, 27). He stands at the head of the kingdom of God announced by the Prophets. In this way the coming fall of Antiochus and of the persecuting regimes is prefigured; it will be possible once again to profess the faith freely. In addition, the vision promises a new era in which the whole of humanity will be gathered into the one kingdom of God. Also included here is the title son of man, which Jesus will apply to himself and which, once freed from nationalistic interpretations, will suggest the newness of God’s work in the world, namely, the gospel message. In the Christian Apocalypse, the title designates Christ as judge at the end of time (Mt 24:30; Rev 1:13; 14:14).
- Daniel 8:1 Daniel has a new vision. First, there is a ram with two horns of unequal length (that is, of unequal power): the Medes and the Persians. Then a goat comes from the West, a king of Greece, to snatch them from their place: Alexander the Great. When the latter dies, in 323 B.C., his successors, or Diadochi, will argue over the empire: the Lagids, the Seleucids, the Antigonids, and later the Attalids. Finally, the beautiful land, Jerusalem, falls into the power of Antiochus (v. 9), who attempts to subdue the soul of Israel by violence (v. 10). He identifies himself with God, suppresses the daily sacrifice (in 167 B.C.), and erects an altar for Zeus over the altar in the temple. But the days of the persecutor are numbered.
- Daniel 8:2 Susa, the capital of Elam, was the summer residence of the Persian kings.
- Daniel 9:1 By means of this prediction, the author, who is writing for the contemporaries of Antiochus IV Epiphanes, seeks to shore up the courage of the persecuted until the end of the oppression, which will not be long in coming. But the deeper insight goes beyond the immediate circumstances of the passage, for it is a call to persevere in faith while awaiting the coming of the Lord.
- Daniel 9:4 This prayer recalls the canticle of Azariah (included in the Septuagint as Dan 3:26-45) and the liturgies of repentance after the Exile (Ezr 9; Neh 9).
- Daniel 9:13 Just as it is written: first usage of this formula of Scripture citation in the Bible.
- Daniel 9:20 This prophecy is one of the best known and most difficult of the Old Testament. In this coded and therefore obscure passage some think they discover figures that correspond to the coming of the Messiah and provide a means of calculating the end of the world. But the author, who is a contemporary of Antiochus IV and caught up in the daily tragedy of persecution, has other concerns than to offer hidden calculations. His purpose is to proclaim the proximate end of the oppression. His counting, like that of Jeremiah, starts with the beginning of the Exile in 587 B.C.; but the years become weeks of years, that is, periods of seven years. Thus, what was originally thought of in relation to the return from exile and the rebuilding of the temple is now shifted to apply to the age of Antiochus IV. The first seven weeks, or forty-nine years, cover rather well the duration of the Exile, since it was in 538 B.C. that the priest Joshua presided over the reestablishment of the Jewish community in Palestine; but the rebuilding of the temple came in 515 B.C. (see Ezr 3–6) and the rebuilding of the city walls in 445 B.C. (Neh 1–7). And the following sixty-two weeks no longer correspond to history; in fact, from the edict of Cyrus in 538 B.C., to the assassination of Onias III the high priest in 170 B.C. (he is the anointed one of v. 26), sixty-seven years are lacking for the figures to match. Did the author perhaps make a mistake in counting? For the final week, however, and this is the one that interests the author (v. 27), the prediction turns out well. The alliance of the intriguers and apostates around the tyrant, and the disorders introduced into Jewish life by the complicity of the upper clergy after the death of Onias, lasted a week, or about seven years, from 171–164 B.C. In 167 B.C., the daily sacrifice in the temple was suppressed and replaced by the worship of Zeus; this was the abomination that causes desolation or supreme horror (1 Mac 1:54). Three and a half years, or a half-week, later, Jewish worship will be restored by Judas Maccabeus, while Antiochus dies.
- Daniel 10:1 Another coded presentation of contemporary history; the puzzle solves itself if we compare what is said here with what we know from other sources about the events and personages that mattered in Palestine at the beginning of the second century. If Daniel is artificially located in the time of Cyrus, it is to facilitate the spread of his coded message. Observe that in this final vision, a very important place is still given to the angels and the assertion of a resurrection.
- Daniel 10:13 Michael is the angel who protects Daniel.
- Daniel 11:2 A clear passage gives the succession of kings from Cyrus to Antiochus IV Epiphanes. The historian can easily construct a detailed account. The author’s interest is mainly in the struggle, now overt, now covert, between the Lagids of Egypt, in the south, and the Seleucids of Syria, in the north, both of them being heirs to Alexander’s empire. Due to his excesses, Antiochus IV Epiphanes would come to be regarded as the Antichrist who opposes the reign of God.
- Daniel 11:2 The three successors of Cyrus II (558–530 B.C.) were, in order: Cambyses (530–522 B.C.), Darius I (521–486 B.C.), and Xerxes I (485–465 B.C.). It was under Xerxes that the battles of Salamis and Thermopylae took place during the war against Greece. The greatest political and economic pressure, however, was exerted by Artaxerxes I (465–424 B.C.), who roused himself to hurl all the might of Persia against Greece; other kings would later continue to war against the Greeks.
- Daniel 11:3 A powerful king: Alexander the Great.
- Daniel 11:6 Antiochus II (261–246 B.C.) married Berenice, daughter of Ptolemy II.
- Daniel 11:7 A descendant: Ptolemy III avenged his sister Berenice by conquering Antioch, the capital of Syria.
- Daniel 11:10 Antiochus III the Great attacked Egypt.
- Daniel 11:11 Beneath the fortress of Raphia, on the border between Egypt and Palestine, Antiochus was defeated by Ptolemy IV.
- Daniel 11:12 Ptolemy conquered Palestine and Syria.
- Daniel 11:17 Antiochus made a treaty with Ptolemy and married the latter’s daughter.
- Daniel 11:18 After conquering some coastal cities, Antiochus suffered a great defeat by the Romans at Magnesia in 179 B.C.
- Daniel 11:20 His successor: Heliodorus, sent by Seleucus IV, sacked the Jerusalem temple (see 2 Mac 3:7-13).
- Daniel 11:22 The prince of the covenant was the high priest Onias III, who was deposed by Antiochus IV and then assassinated in 170 B.C.
- Daniel 11:26 Antiochus attacked Egypt and captured Ptolemy VI.
- Daniel 11:31 Abomination that causes desolation: see Dan 9:27; 12:11; this is the characterization of the altar to the pagan god Zeus Olympios set up in 168 B.C. by Antiochus IV Epiphanes, which prefigured a similar abomination that Jesus predicted would be erected (see Mt 24:15; Lk 21:10).
- Daniel 11:37 The god beloved by women is the god Tammuz (see Dan 8:14).
- Daniel 11:39 The reference is to Jupiter Capitolinus, whom Antiochus had come to know in Rome, where he had been taken after his defeat at Magnesia. He built a temple in honor of the god in Antioch.
- Daniel 11:40 The martyrs and sages who resisted will be glorified even in their bodies. This is one of the great passages that, toward the end of the Old Testament, announce the resurrection of the flesh (see Isa 26:19; 2 Mac 7:9-14, 23-26; 12:43-45); the Book of Wisdom had highlighted mainly the immortality of the soul (Wis 2:23-24; 3:1-9).
- Daniel 12:5 The author predicts that the trial will last three and a half years. This approximate time corresponds to the half week of the great prophecy (Dan 9:27); it will subsequently become the symbolic duration of all persecution. The image of the sealed book hints that they will not be understood until the events are fulfilled. In the Book of Revelation (Rev 6) the seals are opened by the Lamb, that is, the risen Jesus, in whom history gets its meaning. Destined to comfort martyrs, the final numbers (vv. 11-12) are possibly witnesses of a hope that is disappointed several times before it is finally fulfilled: the recompense is near.
Daniel 7-12
New International Version
Daniel 7-12
New International Version
Daniel’s Dream of Four Beasts
7 In the first year of Belshazzar(A) king of Babylon, Daniel had a dream, and visions(B) passed through his mind(C) as he was lying in bed.(D) He wrote(E) down the substance of his dream.
2 Daniel said: “In my vision at night I looked, and there before me were the four winds of heaven(F) churning up the great sea. 3 Four great beasts,(G) each different from the others, came up out of the sea.
4 “The first was like a lion,(H) and it had the wings of an eagle.(I) I watched until its wings were torn off and it was lifted from the ground so that it stood on two feet like a human being, and the mind of a human was given to it.
5 “And there before me was a second beast, which looked like a bear. It was raised up on one of its sides, and it had three ribs in its mouth between its teeth. It was told, ‘Get up and eat your fill of flesh!’(J)
6 “After that, I looked, and there before me was another beast, one that looked like a leopard.(K) And on its back it had four wings like those of a bird. This beast had four heads, and it was given authority to rule.
7 “After that, in my vision(L) at night I looked, and there before me was a fourth beast—terrifying and frightening and very powerful. It had large iron(M) teeth; it crushed and devoured its victims and trampled(N) underfoot whatever was left.(O) It was different from all the former beasts, and it had ten horns.(P)
8 “While I was thinking about the horns, there before me was another horn, a little(Q) one, which came up among them; and three of the first horns were uprooted before it. This horn had eyes like the eyes of a human being(R) and a mouth that spoke boastfully.(S)
9 “As I looked,
“thrones were set in place,
and the Ancient of Days(T) took his seat.(U)
His clothing was as white as snow;(V)
the hair of his head was white like wool.(W)
His throne was flaming with fire,
and its wheels(X) were all ablaze.
10 A river of fire(Y) was flowing,
coming out from before him.(Z)
Thousands upon thousands attended him;
ten thousand times ten thousand stood before him.
The court was seated,
and the books(AA) were opened.
11 “Then I continued to watch because of the boastful words the horn was speaking.(AB) I kept looking until the beast was slain and its body destroyed and thrown into the blazing fire.(AC) 12 (The other beasts had been stripped of their authority, but were allowed to live for a period of time.)
13 “In my vision at night I looked, and there before me was one like a son of man,[a](AD) coming(AE) with the clouds of heaven.(AF) He approached the Ancient of Days and was led into his presence. 14 He was given authority,(AG) glory and sovereign power; all nations and peoples of every language worshiped him.(AH) His dominion is an everlasting dominion that will not pass away, and his kingdom(AI) is one that will never be destroyed.(AJ)
The Interpretation of the Dream
15 “I, Daniel, was troubled in spirit, and the visions that passed through my mind disturbed me.(AK) 16 I approached one of those standing there and asked him the meaning of all this.
“So he told me and gave me the interpretation(AL) of these things: 17 ‘The four great beasts are four kings that will rise from the earth. 18 But the holy people(AM) of the Most High will receive the kingdom(AN) and will possess it forever—yes, for ever and ever.’(AO)
19 “Then I wanted to know the meaning of the fourth beast, which was different from all the others and most terrifying, with its iron teeth and bronze claws—the beast that crushed and devoured its victims and trampled underfoot whatever was left. 20 I also wanted to know about the ten horns(AP) on its head and about the other horn that came up, before which three of them fell—the horn that looked more imposing than the others and that had eyes and a mouth that spoke boastfully.(AQ) 21 As I watched, this horn was waging war against the holy people and defeating them,(AR) 22 until the Ancient of Days came and pronounced judgment in favor of the holy people of the Most High, and the time came when they possessed the kingdom.(AS)
23 “He gave me this explanation: ‘The fourth beast is a fourth kingdom that will appear on earth. It will be different from all the other kingdoms and will devour the whole earth, trampling it down and crushing it.(AT) 24 The ten horns(AU) are ten kings who will come from this kingdom. After them another king will arise, different from the earlier ones; he will subdue three kings. 25 He will speak against the Most High(AV) and oppress his holy people(AW) and try to change the set times(AX) and the laws. The holy people will be delivered into his hands for a time, times and half a time.[b](AY)
26 “‘But the court will sit, and his power will be taken away and completely destroyed(AZ) forever. 27 Then the sovereignty, power and greatness of all the kingdoms(BA) under heaven will be handed over to the holy people(BB) of the Most High.(BC) His kingdom will be an everlasting(BD) kingdom, and all rulers will worship(BE) and obey him.’
28 “This is the end of the matter. I, Daniel, was deeply troubled(BF) by my thoughts,(BG) and my face turned pale,(BH) but I kept the matter to myself.”
Daniel’s Vision of a Ram and a Goat
8 In the third year of King Belshazzar’s(BI) reign, I, Daniel, had a vision,(BJ) after the one that had already appeared to me. 2 In my vision I saw myself in the citadel of Susa(BK) in the province of Elam;(BL) in the vision I was beside the Ulai Canal. 3 I looked up,(BM) and there before me was a ram(BN) with two horns, standing beside the canal, and the horns were long. One of the horns was longer than the other but grew up later. 4 I watched the ram as it charged toward the west and the north and the south. No animal could stand against it, and none could rescue from its power.(BO) It did as it pleased(BP) and became great.
5 As I was thinking about this, suddenly a goat with a prominent horn between its eyes came from the west, crossing the whole earth without touching the ground. 6 It came toward the two-horned ram I had seen standing beside the canal and charged at it in great rage. 7 I saw it attack the ram furiously, striking the ram and shattering its two horns. The ram was powerless to stand against it; the goat knocked it to the ground and trampled on it,(BQ) and none could rescue the ram from its power.(BR) 8 The goat became very great, but at the height of its power the large horn was broken off,(BS) and in its place four prominent horns grew up toward the four winds of heaven.(BT)
9 Out of one of them came another horn, which started small(BU) but grew in power to the south and to the east and toward the Beautiful Land.(BV) 10 It grew until it reached(BW) the host of the heavens, and it threw some of the starry host down to the earth(BX) and trampled(BY) on them. 11 It set itself up to be as great as the commander(BZ) of the army of the Lord;(CA) it took away the daily sacrifice(CB) from the Lord, and his sanctuary was thrown down.(CC) 12 Because of rebellion, the Lord’s people[c] and the daily sacrifice were given over to it. It prospered in everything it did, and truth was thrown to the ground.(CD)
13 Then I heard a holy one(CE) speaking, and another holy one said to him, “How long will it take for the vision to be fulfilled(CF)—the vision concerning the daily sacrifice, the rebellion that causes desolation, the surrender of the sanctuary and the trampling underfoot(CG) of the Lord’s people?”
14 He said to me, “It will take 2,300 evenings and mornings; then the sanctuary will be reconsecrated.”(CH)
The Interpretation of the Vision
15 While I, Daniel, was watching the vision(CI) and trying to understand it, there before me stood one who looked like a man.(CJ) 16 And I heard a man’s voice from the Ulai(CK) calling, “Gabriel,(CL) tell this man the meaning of the vision.”(CM)
17 As he came near the place where I was standing, I was terrified and fell prostrate.(CN) “Son of man,”[d] he said to me, “understand that the vision concerns the time of the end.”(CO)
18 While he was speaking to me, I was in a deep sleep, with my face to the ground.(CP) Then he touched me and raised me to my feet.(CQ)
19 He said: “I am going to tell you what will happen later in the time of wrath,(CR) because the vision concerns the appointed time(CS) of the end.[e](CT) 20 The two-horned ram that you saw represents the kings of Media and Persia.(CU) 21 The shaggy goat is the king of Greece,(CV) and the large horn between its eyes is the first king.(CW) 22 The four horns that replaced the one that was broken off represent four kingdoms that will emerge from his nation but will not have the same power.
23 “In the latter part of their reign, when rebels have become completely wicked, a fierce-looking king, a master of intrigue, will arise. 24 He will become very strong, but not by his own power. He will cause astounding devastation and will succeed in whatever he does. He will destroy those who are mighty, the holy people.(CX) 25 He will cause deceit(CY) to prosper, and he will consider himself superior. When they feel secure, he will destroy many and take his stand against the Prince of princes.(CZ) Yet he will be destroyed, but not by human power.(DA)
26 “The vision of the evenings and mornings that has been given you is true,(DB) but seal(DC) up the vision, for it concerns the distant future.”(DD)
27 I, Daniel, was worn out. I lay exhausted(DE) for several days. Then I got up and went about the king’s business.(DF) I was appalled(DG) by the vision; it was beyond understanding.
Daniel’s Prayer
9 In the first year of Darius(DH) son of Xerxes[f](DI) (a Mede by descent), who was made ruler over the Babylonian[g] kingdom— 2 in the first year of his reign, I, Daniel, understood from the Scriptures, according to the word of the Lord given to Jeremiah the prophet, that the desolation of Jerusalem would last seventy(DJ) years. 3 So I turned to the Lord God and pleaded with him in prayer and petition, in fasting,(DK) and in sackcloth and ashes.(DL)
4 I prayed to the Lord my God and confessed:(DM)
“Lord, the great and awesome God,(DN) who keeps his covenant of love(DO) with those who love him and keep his commandments, 5 we have sinned(DP) and done wrong.(DQ) We have been wicked and have rebelled; we have turned away(DR) from your commands and laws.(DS) 6 We have not listened(DT) to your servants the prophets,(DU) who spoke in your name to our kings, our princes and our ancestors,(DV) and to all the people of the land.
7 “Lord, you are righteous,(DW) but this day we are covered with shame(DX)—the people of Judah and the inhabitants of Jerusalem and all Israel, both near and far, in all the countries where you have scattered(DY) us because of our unfaithfulness(DZ) to you.(EA) 8 We and our kings, our princes and our ancestors are covered with shame, Lord, because we have sinned against you.(EB) 9 The Lord our God is merciful and forgiving,(EC) even though we have rebelled against him;(ED) 10 we have not obeyed the Lord our God or kept the laws he gave us through his servants the prophets.(EE) 11 All Israel has transgressed(EF) your law(EG) and turned away, refusing to obey you.
“Therefore the curses(EH) and sworn judgments(EI) written in the Law of Moses, the servant of God, have been poured out on us, because we have sinned(EJ) against you. 12 You have fulfilled(EK) the words spoken against us and against our rulers by bringing on us great disaster.(EL) Under the whole heaven nothing has ever been done like(EM) what has been done to Jerusalem.(EN) 13 Just as it is written in the Law of Moses, all this disaster has come on us, yet we have not sought the favor of the Lord(EO) our God by turning from our sins and giving attention to your truth.(EP) 14 The Lord did not hesitate to bring the disaster(EQ) on us, for the Lord our God is righteous in everything he does;(ER) yet we have not obeyed him.(ES)
15 “Now, Lord our God, who brought your people out of Egypt with a mighty hand(ET) and who made for yourself a name(EU) that endures to this day, we have sinned, we have done wrong. 16 Lord, in keeping with all your righteous acts,(EV) turn away(EW) your anger and your wrath(EX) from Jerusalem,(EY) your city, your holy hill.(EZ) Our sins and the iniquities of our ancestors have made Jerusalem and your people an object of scorn(FA) to all those around us.
17 “Now, our God, hear the prayers and petitions of your servant. For your sake, Lord, look with favor(FB) on your desolate sanctuary. 18 Give ear,(FC) our God, and hear;(FD) open your eyes and see(FE) the desolation of the city that bears your Name.(FF) We do not make requests of you because we are righteous, but because of your great mercy.(FG) 19 Lord, listen! Lord, forgive!(FH) Lord, hear and act! For your sake,(FI) my God, do not delay, because your city and your people bear your Name.”
The Seventy “Sevens”
20 While I was speaking and praying, confessing(FJ) my sin and the sin of my people Israel and making my request to the Lord my God for his holy hill(FK)— 21 while I was still in prayer, Gabriel,(FL) the man I had seen in the earlier vision, came to me in swift flight about the time of the evening sacrifice.(FM) 22 He instructed me and said to me, “Daniel, I have now come to give you insight and understanding.(FN) 23 As soon as you began to pray,(FO) a word went out, which I have come to tell you, for you are highly esteemed.(FP) Therefore, consider the word and understand the vision:(FQ)
24 “Seventy ‘sevens’[h] are decreed for your people and your holy city(FR) to finish[i] transgression, to put an end to sin, to atone(FS) for wickedness, to bring in everlasting righteousness,(FT) to seal up vision and prophecy and to anoint the Most Holy Place.[j]
25 “Know and understand this: From the time the word goes out to restore and rebuild(FU) Jerusalem until the Anointed One,[k](FV) the ruler,(FW) comes, there will be seven ‘sevens,’ and sixty-two ‘sevens.’ It will be rebuilt with streets and a trench, but in times of trouble.(FX) 26 After the sixty-two ‘sevens,’ the Anointed One will be put to death(FY) and will have nothing.[l] The people of the ruler who will come will destroy the city and the sanctuary. The end will come like a flood:(FZ) War will continue until the end, and desolations(GA) have been decreed.(GB) 27 He will confirm a covenant with many for one ‘seven.’[m] In the middle of the ‘seven’[n] he will put an end to sacrifice and offering. And at the temple[o] he will set up an abomination that causes desolation, until the end that is decreed(GC) is poured out on him.[p]”[q]
Daniel’s Vision of a Man
10 In the third year of Cyrus(GD) king of Persia, a revelation was given to Daniel (who was called Belteshazzar).(GE) Its message was true(GF) and it concerned a great war.[r] The understanding of the message came to him in a vision.
2 At that time I, Daniel, mourned(GG) for three weeks. 3 I ate no choice food; no meat or wine touched my lips;(GH) and I used no lotions at all until the three weeks were over.
4 On the twenty-fourth day of the first month, as I was standing on the bank(GI) of the great river, the Tigris,(GJ) 5 I looked up(GK) and there before me was a man dressed in linen,(GL) with a belt of fine gold(GM) from Uphaz around his waist. 6 His body was like topaz,(GN) his face like lightning,(GO) his eyes like flaming torches,(GP) his arms and legs like the gleam of burnished bronze,(GQ) and his voice(GR) like the sound of a multitude.
7 I, Daniel, was the only one who saw the vision; those who were with me did not see it,(GS) but such terror overwhelmed them that they fled and hid themselves. 8 So I was left alone,(GT) gazing at this great vision; I had no strength left,(GU) my face turned deathly pale(GV) and I was helpless.(GW) 9 Then I heard him speaking, and as I listened to him, I fell into a deep sleep, my face to the ground.(GX)
10 A hand touched me(GY) and set me trembling on my hands and knees.(GZ) 11 He said, “Daniel, you who are highly esteemed,(HA) consider carefully the words I am about to speak to you, and stand up,(HB) for I have now been sent to you.” And when he said this to me, I stood up trembling.
12 Then he continued, “Do not be afraid,(HC) Daniel. Since the first day that you set your mind to gain understanding and to humble(HD) yourself before your God, your words(HE) were heard, and I have come in response to them.(HF) 13 But the prince(HG) of the Persian kingdom resisted me twenty-one days. Then Michael,(HH) one of the chief princes, came to help me, because I was detained there with the king of Persia. 14 Now I have come to explain(HI) to you what will happen to your people in the future,(HJ) for the vision concerns a time yet to come.(HK)”
15 While he was saying this to me, I bowed with my face toward the ground and was speechless.(HL) 16 Then one who looked like a man[s] touched my lips, and I opened my mouth and began to speak.(HM) I said to the one standing before me, “I am overcome with anguish(HN) because of the vision, my lord, and I feel very weak. 17 How can I, your servant, talk with you, my lord? My strength is gone and I can hardly breathe.”(HO)
18 Again the one who looked like a man touched(HP) me and gave me strength.(HQ) 19 “Do not be afraid, you who are highly esteemed,”(HR) he said. “Peace!(HS) Be strong now; be strong.”(HT)
When he spoke to me, I was strengthened and said, “Speak, my lord, since you have given me strength.”(HU)
20 So he said, “Do you know why I have come to you? Soon I will return to fight against the prince of Persia, and when I go, the prince of Greece(HV) will come; 21 but first I will tell you what is written in the Book of Truth.(HW) (No one supports me against them except Michael,(HX) your prince. 11 1 And in the first year of Darius(HY) the Mede, I took my stand to support and protect him.)
The Kings of the South and the North
2 “Now then, I tell you the truth:(HZ) Three more kings will arise in Persia, and then a fourth, who will be far richer than all the others. When he has gained power by his wealth, he will stir up everyone against the kingdom of Greece.(IA) 3 Then a mighty king will arise, who will rule with great power and do as he pleases.(IB) 4 After he has arisen, his empire will be broken up and parceled out toward the four winds of heaven.(IC) It will not go to his descendants, nor will it have the power he exercised, because his empire will be uprooted(ID) and given to others.
5 “The king of the South will become strong, but one of his commanders will become even stronger than he and will rule his own kingdom with great power. 6 After some years, they will become allies. The daughter of the king of the South will go to the king of the North to make an alliance, but she will not retain her power, and he and his power[t] will not last. In those days she will be betrayed, together with her royal escort and her father[u] and the one who supported her.
7 “One from her family line will arise to take her place. He will attack the forces of the king of the North(IE) and enter his fortress; he will fight against them and be victorious. 8 He will also seize their gods,(IF) their metal images and their valuable articles of silver and gold and carry them off to Egypt.(IG) For some years he will leave the king of the North alone. 9 Then the king of the North will invade the realm of the king of the South but will retreat to his own country. 10 His sons will prepare for war and assemble a great army, which will sweep on like an irresistible flood(IH) and carry the battle as far as his fortress.
11 “Then the king of the South will march out in a rage and fight against the king of the North, who will raise a large army, but it will be defeated.(II) 12 When the army is carried off, the king of the South will be filled with pride and will slaughter many thousands, yet he will not remain triumphant. 13 For the king of the North will muster another army, larger than the first; and after several years, he will advance with a huge army fully equipped.
14 “In those times many will rise against the king of the South. Those who are violent among your own people will rebel in fulfillment of the vision, but without success. 15 Then the king of the North will come and build up siege ramps(IJ) and will capture a fortified city. The forces of the South will be powerless to resist; even their best troops will not have the strength to stand. 16 The invader will do as he pleases;(IK) no one will be able to stand against him.(IL) He will establish himself in the Beautiful Land and will have the power to destroy it.(IM) 17 He will determine to come with the might of his entire kingdom and will make an alliance with the king of the South. And he will give him a daughter in marriage in order to overthrow the kingdom, but his plans[v] will not succeed(IN) or help him. 18 Then he will turn his attention to the coastlands(IO) and will take many of them, but a commander will put an end to his insolence and will turn his insolence back on him.(IP) 19 After this, he will turn back toward the fortresses of his own country but will stumble and fall,(IQ) to be seen no more.(IR)
20 “His successor will send out a tax collector to maintain the royal splendor.(IS) In a few years, however, he will be destroyed, yet not in anger or in battle.
21 “He will be succeeded by a contemptible(IT) person who has not been given the honor of royalty.(IU) He will invade the kingdom when its people feel secure, and he will seize it through intrigue. 22 Then an overwhelming army will be swept away(IV) before him; both it and a prince of the covenant will be destroyed.(IW) 23 After coming to an agreement with him, he will act deceitfully,(IX) and with only a few people he will rise to power. 24 When the richest provinces feel secure, he will invade them and will achieve what neither his fathers nor his forefathers did. He will distribute plunder, loot and wealth among his followers.(IY) He will plot the overthrow of fortresses—but only for a time.
25 “With a large army he will stir up his strength and courage against the king of the South. The king of the South will wage war with a large and very powerful army, but he will not be able to stand because of the plots devised against him. 26 Those who eat from the king’s provisions will try to destroy him; his army will be swept away, and many will fall in battle. 27 The two kings, with their hearts bent on evil,(IZ) will sit at the same table and lie(JA) to each other, but to no avail, because an end will still come at the appointed time.(JB) 28 The king of the North will return to his own country with great wealth, but his heart will be set against the holy covenant. He will take action against it and then return to his own country.
29 “At the appointed time he will invade the South again, but this time the outcome will be different from what it was before. 30 Ships of the western coastlands(JC) will oppose him, and he will lose heart.(JD) Then he will turn back and vent his fury(JE) against the holy covenant. He will return and show favor to those who forsake the holy covenant.
31 “His armed forces will rise up to desecrate the temple fortress and will abolish the daily sacrifice.(JF) Then they will set up the abomination that causes desolation.(JG) 32 With flattery he will corrupt those who have violated the covenant, but the people who know their God will firmly resist(JH) him.
33 “Those who are wise will instruct(JI) many, though for a time they will fall by the sword or be burned or captured or plundered.(JJ) 34 When they fall, they will receive a little help, and many who are not sincere(JK) will join them. 35 Some of the wise will stumble, so that they may be refined,(JL) purified and made spotless until the time of the end, for it will still come at the appointed time.
The King Who Exalts Himself
36 “The king will do as he pleases. He will exalt and magnify himself(JM) above every god and will say unheard-of things(JN) against the God of gods.(JO) He will be successful until the time of wrath(JP) is completed, for what has been determined must take place.(JQ) 37 He will show no regard for the gods of his ancestors or for the one desired by women, nor will he regard any god, but will exalt himself above them all. 38 Instead of them, he will honor a god of fortresses; a god unknown to his ancestors he will honor with gold and silver, with precious stones and costly gifts. 39 He will attack the mightiest fortresses with the help of a foreign god and will greatly honor those who acknowledge him. He will make them rulers over many people and will distribute the land at a price.[w]
40 “At the time of the end the king of the South(JR) will engage him in battle, and the king of the North will storm(JS) out against him with chariots and cavalry and a great fleet of ships. He will invade many countries and sweep through them like a flood.(JT) 41 He will also invade the Beautiful Land.(JU) Many countries will fall, but Edom,(JV) Moab(JW) and the leaders of Ammon will be delivered from his hand. 42 He will extend his power over many countries; Egypt will not escape. 43 He will gain control of the treasures of gold and silver and all the riches of Egypt,(JX) with the Libyans(JY) and Cushites[x] in submission. 44 But reports from the east and the north will alarm him, and he will set out in a great rage to destroy and annihilate many. 45 He will pitch his royal tents between the seas at[y] the beautiful holy mountain.(JZ) Yet he will come to his end, and no one will help him.
The End Times
12 “At that time Michael,(KA) the great prince who protects your people, will arise. There will be a time of distress(KB) such as has not happened from the beginning of nations until then. But at that time your people—everyone whose name is found written in the book(KC)—will be delivered.(KD) 2 Multitudes who sleep in the dust of the earth will awake:(KE) some to everlasting life, others to shame and everlasting contempt.(KF) 3 Those who are wise[z](KG) will shine(KH) like the brightness of the heavens, and those who lead many to righteousness,(KI) like the stars for ever and ever.(KJ) 4 But you, Daniel, roll up and seal(KK) the words of the scroll until the time of the end.(KL) Many will go here and there(KM) to increase knowledge.”
5 Then I, Daniel, looked, and there before me stood two others, one on this bank of the river and one on the opposite bank.(KN) 6 One of them said to the man clothed in linen,(KO) who was above the waters of the river, “How long will it be before these astonishing things are fulfilled?”(KP)
7 The man clothed in linen, who was above the waters of the river, lifted his right hand(KQ) and his left hand toward heaven, and I heard him swear by him who lives forever,(KR) saying, “It will be for a time, times and half a time.[aa](KS) When the power of the holy people(KT) has been finally broken, all these things will be completed.(KU)”
8 I heard, but I did not understand. So I asked, “My lord, what will the outcome of all this be?”
9 He replied, “Go your way, Daniel, because the words are rolled up and sealed(KV) until the time of the end.(KW) 10 Many will be purified, made spotless and refined,(KX) but the wicked will continue to be wicked.(KY) None of the wicked will understand, but those who are wise will understand.(KZ)
11 “From the time that the daily sacrifice(LA) is abolished and the abomination that causes desolation(LB) is set up, there will be 1,290 days.(LC) 12 Blessed is the one who waits(LD) for and reaches the end of the 1,335 days.(LE)
13 “As for you, go your way till the end.(LF) You will rest,(LG) and then at the end of the days you will rise to receive your allotted inheritance.(LH)”
Footnotes
- Daniel 7:13 The Aramaic phrase bar enash means human being. The phrase son of man is retained here because of its use in the New Testament as a title of Jesus, probably based largely on this verse.
- Daniel 7:25 Or for a year, two years and half a year
- Daniel 8:12 Or rebellion, the armies
- Daniel 8:17 The Hebrew phrase ben adam means human being. The phrase son of man is retained as a form of address here because of its possible association with “Son of Man” in the New Testament.
- Daniel 8:19 Or because the end will be at the appointed time
- Daniel 9:1 Hebrew Ahasuerus
- Daniel 9:1 Or Chaldean
- Daniel 9:24 Or ‘weeks’; also in verses 25 and 26
- Daniel 9:24 Or restrain
- Daniel 9:24 Or the most holy One
- Daniel 9:25 Or an anointed one; also in verse 26
- Daniel 9:26 Or death and will have no one; or death, but not for himself
- Daniel 9:27 Or ‘week’
- Daniel 9:27 Or ‘week’
- Daniel 9:27 Septuagint and Theodotion; Hebrew wing
- Daniel 9:27 Or it
- Daniel 9:27 Or And one who causes desolation will come upon the wing of the abominable temple, until the end that is decreed is poured out on the desolated city
- Daniel 10:1 Or true and burdensome
- Daniel 10:16 Most manuscripts of the Masoretic Text; one manuscript of the Masoretic Text, Dead Sea Scrolls and Septuagint Then something that looked like a human hand
- Daniel 11:6 Or offspring
- Daniel 11:6 Or child (see Vulgate and Syriac)
- Daniel 11:17 Or but she
- Daniel 11:39 Or land for a reward
- Daniel 11:43 That is, people from the upper Nile region
- Daniel 11:45 Or the sea and
- Daniel 12:3 Or who impart wisdom
- Daniel 12:7 Or a year, two years and half a year
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