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利未記 5
Chinese Contemporary Bible (Traditional)

5 「如果有人當庭作證，卻不肯把自己所知所見的說出來，就是犯罪，要擔負罪責。 2 如果有人接觸了不潔淨之物，如野獸的屍體、家畜的屍體或爬蟲的屍體，即使無意也已不潔淨，是有罪的。 3 如果有人無意中接觸了別人的不潔之物，當他意識到後，就有罪了。 4 如果有人草率起誓，不論出於善意還是惡意，即使當初沒有察覺，後來才意識到，也是有罪的。 5 如果有人犯了以上任何一種罪，就必須認罪。 6 為了贖過，他必須獻給耶和華一隻母綿羊或母山羊作贖罪祭。祭司要為他贖罪。

7 「他若獻不起羊，就要獻給耶和華兩隻斑鳩或兩隻雛鴿，一隻作贖罪祭，一隻作燔祭。 8 他要把牠們帶到祭司那裡，祭司要先用一隻鳥獻贖罪祭，要扭斷鳥脖子，但不可扯掉頭。 9 要把一些鳥血灑在祭壇邊，剩下的血要倒在壇腳旁。這是贖罪祭。 10 祭司要依照獻燔祭的條例獻上另一隻鳥。這樣，祭司為他贖了罪，他就會得到赦免。

11 「他若獻不起兩隻斑鳩或雛鴿，就要獻一公斤細麵粉作贖罪祭。細麵粉中不可澆油或加乳香，因為這是贖罪祭。 12 他要把細麵粉帶到祭司那裡，祭司要從中取出一把作為象徵放在壇上，與獻給耶和華的火祭一起焚燒。這是贖罪祭。 13 這樣，祭司為他贖了罪，他就會得到赦免。剩下的細麵粉要歸祭司，像獻素祭一樣。」

獻贖過祭的條例

14 耶和華對摩西說： 15 「如果有人無意中違犯了耶和華聖物的條例，為了贖過，他要從羊群中選一隻毫無殘疾的公綿羊獻給耶和華，或按聖所的秤獻上同等價值的銀子。這是贖過祭。 16 他要賠償所造成的損失，並加賠五分之一，要把這些都交給祭司。祭司要為他獻上公綿羊作贖過祭，為他贖罪，他就會得到赦免。

17 「如果有人觸犯耶和華的誡命，即使他不知道，也是有罪的，必須擔當罪責。 18 他要從羊群中選一隻毫無殘疾的公綿羊，或把同等價值的銀子帶到祭司那裡作贖過祭。祭司要為他的無心之過贖罪，他就會得到赦免。 19 這是贖過祭，因為他在耶和華面前確實有罪。」

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Leviticus 5
New English Translation

Additional Sin-Offering Regulations

5 “‘When a person sins[a] in that he hears a public curse against one who fails to testify[b] and he is a witness (he either saw or knew what had happened[c]) and he does not make it known,[d] then he will bear his punishment for iniquity.[e] 2 Or when there is[f] a person who touches anything ceremonially unclean,[g] whether the carcass of an unclean wild animal, or the carcass of an unclean domesticated animal, or the carcass of an unclean creeping thing, even if he did not realize it,[h] he has become unclean and is guilty;[i] 3 or when he touches human uncleanness with regard to anything by which he can become unclean,[j] even if he did not realize it, but he has later come to know it and is guilty; 4 or when a person swears an oath, speaking thoughtlessly[k] with his lips, whether to do evil or to do good, with regard to anything which the individual might speak thoughtlessly in an oath, even if he did not realize it, but he has later come to know it and is guilty with regard to one of these oaths[l]— 5 when an individual becomes guilty with regard to one of these things[m] he must confess how he has sinned,[n] 6 and he must bring his penalty for guilt[o] to the Lord for his sin that he has committed—a female from the flock, whether a female sheep or a female goat, for a sin offering. So the priest will make atonement[p] on his behalf for[q] his sin.

7 “‘If he cannot afford an animal from the flock,[r] he must bring his penalty for guilt for his sin that he has committed,[s] two turtledoves or two young pigeons,[t] to the Lord, one for a sin offering and one for a burnt offering. 8 He must bring them to the priest and present first the one that is for a sin offering. The priest[u] must pinch[v] its head at the nape of its neck, but must not sever the head from the body.[w] 9 Then he must sprinkle[x] some of the blood of the sin offering on the wall of the altar, and the remainder of the blood[y] must be squeezed out at the base of the altar—it is a sin offering. 10 The second bird[z] he must make a burnt offering according to the standard regulation.[aa] So the priest will make atonement[ab] on behalf of this person for[ac] his sin which he has committed, and he will be forgiven.[ad]

11 “‘If he cannot afford[ae] two turtledoves or two young pigeons,[af] he must bring as his offering for his sin which he has committed[ag] a tenth of an ephah[ah] of choice wheat flour[ai] for a sin offering. He must not place olive oil on it, and he must not put frankincense on it, because it is a sin offering. 12 He must bring it to the priest, and the priest must scoop out from it a handful as its memorial portion[aj] and offer it up in smoke on the altar on top of the other gifts of the Lord—it is a sin offering. 13 So the priest will make atonement[ak] on his behalf for his sin which he has committed by doing one of these things,[al] and he will be forgiven.[am] The remainder of the offering[an] will belong to the priest like the grain offering.’”[ao]

Guilt-Offering Regulations: Known Trespass

14 Then the Lord spoke to Moses:[ap] 15 “When a person commits a trespass[aq] and sins by straying unintentionally[ar] from the regulations about the Lord’s holy things,[as] then he must bring his penalty for guilt[at] to the Lord, a flawless ram from the flock, convertible into silver shekels according to the standard of the sanctuary shekel,[au] for a guilt offering.[av] 16 And whatever holy thing he violated[aw] he must restore and must add one-fifth to it and give it to the priest. So the priest will make atonement[ax] on his behalf with the guilt-offering ram and he will be forgiven.[ay]

Unknown trespass

17 “If a person sins and violates any of the Lord’s commandments that must not be violated[az] (although he did not know it at the time,[ba] but later realizes he is guilty), then he will bear his punishment for iniquity[bb] 18 and must bring a flawless ram from the flock, convertible into silver shekels,[bc] for a guilt offering to the priest. So the priest will make atonement[bd] on his behalf for his error that he committed[be] (although he himself had not known it) and he will be forgiven.[bf] 19 It is a guilt offering; he was surely guilty before the Lord.”

Footnotes

  1. Leviticus 5:1 tn Heb “And a person when he sins.” Most English versions translate this as the protasis of a conditional clause: “if a person sins” (NASB, NIV).sn The same expression occurs in Lev 4:2 where it introduces sins done “by straying unintentionally from any of the commandments of the Lord which must not be done” (see the notes there). Lev 5:1-13 is an additional section of sin offering regulations directed at violations other than those referred to by this expression in Lev 4:2 (see esp. 5:1-6), and expanding on the offering regulations for the common person in Lev 4:27-35 with concessions to the poor common person (5:7-13).
  2. Leviticus 5:1 tn The words “against one who fails to testify” are not in the Hebrew text, but have been supplied to make sense of the remark about the “curse” (“imprecation” or “oath”; cf. ASV “adjuration”; NIV “public charge”) for the modern reader. For the interpretation of this verse reflected in the present translation see J. Milgrom, Leviticus (AB), 1:292-97.
  3. Leviticus 5:1 tn The words “what had happened” are not in the Hebrew text, but are implied.
  4. Leviticus 5:1 tn Heb “and hears a voice of curse, and he is a witness or he saw or he knew, if he does not declare.”
  5. Leviticus 5:1 tn Heb “and he shall bear his iniquity.” The rendering “bear the punishment (for the iniquity)” reflects the use of the word “iniquity” to refer to the punishment for iniquity (cf. NRSV, NLT “subject to punishment”). It is sometimes referred to as the consequential use of the term (cf. Lev 5:17; 7:18; 10:17; etc.).
  6. Leviticus 5:2 tc The insertion of the words “when there is” is a reflection of the few Hebrew mss, Smr, and LXX that have כִּי (ki, “when, if”; cf. vv. 3 and esp. 4) rather than the MT’s אֲשֶׁר (ʾasher, “who”). Many English versions render this as a conditional clause (“if”).
  7. Leviticus 5:2 tn The word “ceremonially” has been supplied in the translation to clarify that the uncleanness involved is ritual or ceremonial in nature.
  8. Leviticus 5:2 tn Heb “and it is hidden from him,” meaning that the person who contracted the ceremonial uncleanness was not aware at the time what had happened, but later found out that he had become ceremonially unclean. This same phrase occurs again in both vv. 3 and 4.
  9. Leviticus 5:2 sn Lev 5:2-3 are parallel laws of uncleanness (contracted from animals and people, respectively), and both seem to assume that the contraction of uncleanness was originally unknown to the person (vv. 2 and 3) but became known to him or her at a later time (v. 3; i.e., “has come to know” in v. 3 is to be assumed for v. 2 as well). Uncleanness itself did not make a person “guilty” unless he or she failed to handle it according to the normal purification regulations (see, e.g., “wash his clothes and bathe with water, and he will be unclean till evening,” Lev 15:5 NIV; cf. Lev 11:39-40; 15:5-12, 16-24; Num 19, etc.). The problem here in Lev 5:2-3 is that, because the person had not been aware of his or her uncleanness, he or she had incurred guilt for not carrying out these regular procedures, and it would now be too late for that. Thus, the unclean person needs to bring a sin offering to atone for the contamination caused by his or her neglect of the purity regulations.
  10. Leviticus 5:3 tn Heb “or if he touches uncleanness of mankind to any of his uncleanness which he becomes unclean in it.”
  11. Leviticus 5:4 tn Heb “to speak thoughtlessly”; cf. NAB “rashly utters an oath.”
  12. Leviticus 5:4 tn Heb “and is guilty to one from these,” probably referring here to any of “these” things about which one might swear a thoughtless oath (J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 45), with the word “oath” supplied in the translation for clarity. Another possibility is that “to one from these” is a dittography from v. 5 (cf. the note on v. 5a), and that v. 4 ends with “and is guilty” like vv. 2 and 3 (J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:300).
  13. Leviticus 5:5 tn Heb “and it shall happen when he becomes guilty to one from these,” referring to any of “these” possible transgressions in Lev 5:1-4. The Cairo Geniza Hb ms, the LXX, and the Latin Vulgate omit this clause, possibly due to homoioteleuton because of the repetition of “to one from these” from the end of v. 4 in v. 5a (cf. the note on v. 4b).sn What all the transgressions in Lev 5:1-4 have in common is that the time is past for handling the original situation properly (i.e., testifying in court, following purity regulations, or fulfilling an oath), so now the person has become guilty and needs to follow corrective sacrificial procedures.
  14. Leviticus 5:5 tn Heb “which he sinned on it”; cf. ASV “confess that wherein he hath sinned”; NCV “must tell how he sinned.”
  15. Leviticus 5:6 tn In this context the word for “guilt” (אָשָׁם, ʾasham) refers to the “penalty” for incurring guilt, the so-called consequential אָשָׁם (J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:303; cf. the note on Lev 5:1).
  16. Leviticus 5:6 sn The focus of sin offering “atonement” was purging impurities from the tabernacle (see the note on Lev 1:4).
  17. Leviticus 5:6 tn See the note on 4:26 regarding the use of מִן (min).
  18. Leviticus 5:7 tn Heb “and if his hand does not reach enough of a flock animal” (see the note on v. 11 below). The term translated “animal from the flock” (שֶׂה, seh) is often translated “lamb” (e.g., KJV, NASB, NIV, NCV) or “sheep” (e.g., NRSV, TEV, NLT), but it clearly includes either a sheep or a goat here (cf. v. 6), referring to the smaller pasture animals as opposed to the larger ones (i.e., cattle; cf. 4:3). Some English versions use the more generic “animal” (e.g., NAB, CEV).
  19. Leviticus 5:7 tn Heb “and he shall bring his guilt which he sinned,” which is an abbreviated form of Lev 5:6, “and he shall bring his [penalty for] guilt to the Lord for his sin which he committed.” The words “for his sin” have been left out in v. 7, and “to the Lord” has been moved so that it follows the mention of the birds.
  20. Leviticus 5:7 tn See the note on Lev 1:14 above.
  21. Leviticus 5:8 tn Heb “he.” The subject (“he”) refers to the priest here, not the offerer who presented the birds to the priest (cf. v. 8a).
  22. Leviticus 5:8 sn The action seems to involve both a twisting action, breaking the neck of the bird and severing its vertebrae, as well as pinching or nipping the skin, but in this case not severing the head from the main body (note the rest of this verse).
  23. Leviticus 5:8 tn Heb “he shall not divide [it]” (see J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:305).
  24. Leviticus 5:9 tn The Hebrew verb וְהִזָּה (vehizzah, Hiphil of נָזָה, nazah) does indeed mean “sprinkle” or “splatter” (cf. Lev 4:6, 17). Contrast “splash” in Lev 1:5, etc. (זָרָק, zaraq).
  25. Leviticus 5:9 tn Heb “the remainder in the blood.” The preposition ב (bet, “in”) is used here to mean “some among” a whole collection of something.
  26. Leviticus 5:10 tn The word “bird” is not in the Hebrew text, but is supplied in the translation for clarity.
  27. Leviticus 5:10 sn The term “[standard] regulation” (מִשְׁפָּט, mishpat) here refers to the set of regulations for burnt offering birds in Lev 1:14-17.
  28. Leviticus 5:10 sn The focus of sin offering “atonement” was purging impurities from the tabernacle (see the note on Lev 1:4).
  29. Leviticus 5:10 tn See the note on 4:26 with regard to מִן, min.
  30. Leviticus 5:10 tn Heb “there shall be forgiveness to him” or “it shall be forgiven to him” (KJV similar).
  31. Leviticus 5:11 tn Heb “and if his hand does not reach [or is not sufficient] to”; cf. NASB “if his means are insufficient for.” The expression is the same as that in Lev 5:7 above except for the verb: נָשַׂג (nasag, “to collect, to reach, to be sufficient”) is used here, but נָגַע (nagah, “to touch, to reach”) is used in v. 7. Smr has the former in both v. 7 and 11.
  32. Leviticus 5:11 tn See the note on Lev 1:14 above (cf. also 5:7).
  33. Leviticus 5:11 tn Heb “and he shall bring his offering which he sinned.” Like the similar expression in v. 7 above (see the note there), this is an abbreviated form of Lev 5:6, “and he shall bring his [penalty for] guilt to the Lord for his sin which he committed.” Here the words “to the Lord for his sin” have been left out, and “his [penalty for] guilt” has been changed to “his offering.”
  34. Leviticus 5:11 sn A tenth of an ephah would be about 2.3 liters, one day’s ration for a single person (J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:306). English versions handle the amount somewhat differently, cf. NCV “about two quarts”; TEV “one kilogramme”; CEV “two pounds.”
  35. Leviticus 5:11 tn See the note on Lev 2:1 above.
  36. Leviticus 5:12 sn The “memorial portion” (אַזְכָּרָה, ʾazkarah) was the part of the grain offering that was burnt on the altar (Lev 2:2), as opposed to the remainder, which was normally consumed by the priests (Lev 2:3; see the full regulations in Lev 6:14-23 [6:7-16 HT]). It was probably intended to call to mind (i.e., memorialize) before the Lord the reason for the presentation of the particular offering (see the remarks in R. E. Averbeck, NIDOTTE 1:335-39).
  37. Leviticus 5:13 sn The focus of sin offering “atonement” was purging impurities from the tabernacle (see the note on Lev 1:4).
  38. Leviticus 5:13 tn Heb “from one from these,” referring to the four kinds of violations of the law delineated in Lev 5:1-4 (see the note on Lev 5:5 above and cf. Lev 4:27).
  39. Leviticus 5:13 tn Heb “there shall be forgiveness to him” or “it shall be forgiven to him” (KJV similar).
  40. Leviticus 5:13 tn Heb “and it”; the referent (the remaining portion of the offering) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
  41. Leviticus 5:13 tn Heb “and it shall be to the priest like the grain offering,” referring to the rest of the grain that was not offered on the altar (cf. the regulations in Lev 2:3, 10).
  42. Leviticus 5:14 sn The quotation introduced here extends from Lev 5:14 through 5:19, encompassing the first main section of guilt offering regulations. Compare the notes on Lev 1:1; 4:1; and 6:1 [5:20 HT].
  43. Leviticus 5:15 tn Heb “trespasses a trespass” (verb and direct object from the same Hebrew root, מַעַל, maʿal); cf. NIV “commits a violation.” The word refers to some kind of overstepping of the boundary between that which is common (i.e., available for common use by common people) and that which is holy (i.e., to be used only for holy purposes because it has been consecrated to the Lord, see further below). See the note on Lev 10:10.
  44. Leviticus 5:15 tn See Lev 4:2 above for a note on “straying.”
  45. Leviticus 5:15 sn Heb “from the holy things of the Lord.” The Hebrew expression here has the same structure as Lev 4:2, “from any of the commandments of the Lord.” The latter introduces the sin offering regulations and the former the guilt offering regulations. The sin offering deals with violations of “any of the commandments,” whereas the guilt offering focuses specifically on violations of regulations regarding “holy things” (i.e., things that have been consecrated to the Lord; see the full discussion in J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:320-27).
  46. Leviticus 5:15 tn Here the word for “guilt” (אָשָׁם, ʾasham) refers to the “penalty” for incurring guilt, the so-called consequential use of אָשָׁם (ʾasham; see J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:303).
  47. Leviticus 5:15 tn Heb “in your valuation, silver of shekels, in the shekel of the sanctuary.” The translation offered here suggests that, instead of a ram, the guilt offering could be presented in the form of money (see, e.g., NRSV; J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:326-27). Others still maintain the view that it refers to the value of the ram that was offered (see, e.g., NIV “of the proper value in silver, according to the sanctuary shekel”; also NAB, NLT; J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 72-73, 81). sn The sanctuary shekel was about 10 grams (= ca. two-fifths of an ounce; J. E. Shepherd, NIDOTTE 4:237-38).
  48. Leviticus 5:15 tn The word for “guilt offering” (sometimes translated “reparation offering”) is the same as “guilt” earlier in the verse (rendered there “[penalty for] guilt”). One can tell which is intended only by the context.sn The primary purpose of the guilt offering was to “atone” (see the note on Lev 1:4 above) for “trespassing” on the Lord’s “holy things” (see later in this verse) or the property of others in the community (Lev 6:1-7 [5:20-26 HT]; 19:20-22; Num 5:5-10). It was closely associated with reconsecration of the Lord’s sacred things or his sacred people (see, e.g., Lev 14:12-18; Num 6:11b-12). Moreover, there was usually an associated reparation made for the trespass, including restitution of that which was violated plus one-fifth of its value as a fine (Lev 5:16; 6:5 [5:24 HT]). See R. E. Averbeck, NIDOTTE 1:557-66.
  49. Leviticus 5:16 tn Heb “and which he sinned from the holy thing.”
  50. Leviticus 5:16 sn Regarding “make atonement” see the note on Lev 1:4.
  51. Leviticus 5:16 tn Heb “there shall be forgiveness to him” or “it shall be forgiven to him” (KJV similar).
  52. Leviticus 5:17 tn Heb “and does one from all of the commandments of the Lord that must not be done.”
  53. Leviticus 5:17 tn The words “at the time” are not in the Hebrew text, but are implied.
  54. Leviticus 5:17 tn Heb “and he did not know, and he shall be guilty and he shall bear his iniquity” (for the rendering “bear his punishment [for iniquity]”) see the note on Lev 5:1.) This portion of v. 17 is especially difficult. The translation offered here suggests (as in many other English versions) that the offender did not originally know that he had violated the Lord’s commandments, but then came to know it and dealt with it accordingly (cf. the corresponding sin offering section in Lev 5:1-4). Another possibility is that it refers to a situation where a person suspects that he violated something although he does not recollect it. Thus, he brings a guilt offering for his suspected violation (J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:331-34, 361-63). See also R. E. Averbeck, NIDOTTE 1:561-62.
  55. Leviticus 5:18 tn The statement here is condensed. See the full expression in 5:15 and the note there.
  56. Leviticus 5:18 sn Regarding “make atonement” see the note on Lev 1:4.
  57. Leviticus 5:18 tn Heb “on his straying which he strayed.” See the note on Lev 4:2.
  58. Leviticus 5:18 tn Heb “there shall be forgiveness to him” or “it shall be forgiven to him” (KJV and NASB both similar).
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Levítico 5
Nueva Biblia de las Américas

Casos particulares de ofrendas por el pecado

5 ”Si alguien peca al ser llamado a testificar(A), siendo testigo de lo que ha visto o sabe, y no lo declara, será culpable. 2 O si alguien toca cualquier cosa inmunda, ya sea el cadáver de una fiera inmunda, o el cadáver de ganado inmundo, o el cadáver de un reptil inmundo(B), aunque no se dé cuenta de ello y se contamina, será culpable. 3 O si toca inmundicia humana, de cualquier clase que sea la inmundicia con que se contamine, sin darse cuenta, y después llega a saberlo, será culpable. 4 O si alguien, sin pensar, jura con sus labios hacer mal o hacer bien, en cualquier asunto que el hombre hable sin pensar con juramento(C), sin darse cuenta, y luego llega a saberlo, será culpable de cualquiera de estas cosas.

5 ”Cuando alguien llegue a ser culpable de cualquiera de estas cosas, confesará aquello en que ha pecado(D). 6 Traerá también al Señor su ofrenda por la culpa, por el pecado que ha cometido, una hembra del rebaño(E), una cordera o una cabra como ofrenda por el pecado. Entonces el sacerdote le hará expiación por su pecado.

7 ”Pero si no tiene lo suficiente para ofrecer un cordero, entonces traerá al Señor como ofrenda por la culpa de aquello en que ha pecado, dos tórtolas o dos pichones, uno como ofrenda por el pecado y el otro como holocausto(F). 8 Los traerá al sacerdote, el cual ofrecerá primero el que es para ofrenda por el pecado, y le cortará la cabeza por el cuello sin arrancarla(G). 9 Rociará también de la sangre de la ofrenda por el pecado sobre un lado del altar(H), y el resto de la sangre será exprimida al pie del altar(I); es ofrenda por el pecado. 10 Entonces preparará el segundo como holocausto según la ordenanza(J). Así el sacerdote hará expiación por él, por el pecado que ha cometido, y le será perdonado(K).

11 ”Pero si no tiene lo suficiente para dos tórtolas o dos pichones(L), entonces, como ofrenda por el pecado que ha cometido, traerá la décima parte de un efa (2.2 litros) de flor de harina como ofrenda por el pecado; no pondrá aceite ni incienso en ella, pues es ofrenda por el pecado(M). 12 Y la traerá al sacerdote, y el sacerdote tomará de ella un puñado como memorial, y la quemará sobre el altar con las ofrendas encendidas para el Señor. Es una ofrenda por el pecado. 13 Así el sacerdote hará expiación por él, por el pecado que ha cometido en alguna de estas cosas(N), y le será perdonado; el resto será del sacerdote, como en la ofrenda de cereal(O)”».

14 El Señor le dijo a Moisés: 15 «Si alguien comete una falta(P) y peca inadvertidamente en las cosas sagradas del Señor(Q), traerá su ofrenda por la culpa al Señor(R): un carnero sin defecto del rebaño(S), conforme a tu valuación en siclos de plata (un siclo equivale 11.4 gramos), según el siclo del santuario(T), como ofrenda por la culpa. 16 Hará restitución por aquello en que ha pecado en las cosas sagradas, y añadirá a ello la quinta parte(U), y se lo dará al sacerdote. Y el sacerdote hará expiación por él con el carnero de la ofrenda por la culpa, y le será perdonado(V).

17 »Si alguien peca y hace cualquiera de las cosas que el Señor ha mandado que no se hagan, aunque no se dé cuenta, será culpable(W) y llevará su castigo. 18 Entonces traerá al sacerdote un carnero sin defecto del rebaño(X), conforme a tu valuación, como ofrenda por la culpa. Así el sacerdote hará expiación por él por su error mediante el cual ha pecado inadvertidamente(Y), y sin él saberlo, y le será perdonado. 19 Es ofrenda por la culpa; ciertamente era culpable delante del Señor».

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Chinese Contemporary Bible (Traditional) (CCBT)

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New English Translation (NET)

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Nueva Biblia de las Américas (NBLA)

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Nueva Biblia de las Américas™ NBLA™ is made available by The Lockman Foundation