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Exodus 7-12
English Standard Version
Exodus 7-12
English Standard Version
Moses and Aaron Before Pharaoh
7 And the Lord said to Moses, “See, I have made you like (A)God to Pharaoh, and your brother Aaron shall be your (B)prophet. 2 (C)You shall speak all that I command you, and your brother Aaron shall tell Pharaoh to let the people of Israel go out of his land. 3 But (D)I will harden Pharaoh's heart, and though I (E)multiply my signs and wonders in the land of Egypt, 4 Pharaoh will not listen to you. Then I will lay my hand on Egypt and bring my hosts, my people the children of Israel, out of the land of Egypt by great acts of judgment. 5 The Egyptians (F)shall know that I am the Lord, when I stretch out my hand against Egypt and bring out the people of Israel from among them.” 6 Moses and Aaron did so; they did just as the Lord commanded them. 7 Now Moses was (G)eighty years old, and Aaron eighty-three years old, when they spoke to Pharaoh.
8 Then the Lord said to Moses and Aaron, 9 “When Pharaoh says to you, (H)‘Prove yourselves by working a miracle,’ then you shall say to Aaron, ‘Take your staff and cast it down before Pharaoh, that it may become a serpent.’” 10 So Moses and Aaron went to Pharaoh and did just as the Lord commanded. Aaron cast down his staff before Pharaoh and his servants, and it became a serpent. 11 Then Pharaoh summoned the wise men and the sorcerers, and they, the (I)magicians of Egypt, also (J)did the same by their secret arts. 12 For each man cast down his staff, and they became serpents. But Aaron's staff swallowed up their staffs. 13 Still (K)Pharaoh's heart was hardened, and he would not listen to them, (L)as the Lord had said.
The First Plague: Water Turned to Blood
14 Then the Lord said to Moses, “Pharaoh's heart is hardened; he refuses to let the people go. 15 (M)Go to Pharaoh in the morning, as he is going out to the water. Stand on the bank of the Nile to meet him, and take in your hand (N)the staff that turned into a (O)serpent. 16 And you shall say to him, ‘The (P)Lord, the God of the Hebrews, sent me to you, saying, “Let my people go, (Q)that they may serve me in the wilderness.” But so far, you have not obeyed. 17 Thus says the Lord, “By this (R)you shall know that I am the Lord: behold, with the staff that is in my hand I will strike the water that is in the Nile, and (S)it shall turn into blood. 18 The fish in the Nile shall die, and the Nile will stink, and the Egyptians will (T)grow weary of drinking water from the Nile.”’” 19 And the Lord said to Moses, “Say to Aaron, ‘Take your staff and (U)stretch out your hand over the waters of Egypt, over their rivers, their canals, and their ponds, and all their pools of water, so that they may become blood, and there shall be blood throughout all the land of Egypt, even in vessels of wood and in vessels of stone.’”
20 Moses and Aaron did as the Lord commanded. In the sight of Pharaoh and in the sight of his servants he (V)lifted up the staff and struck the water in the Nile, and all the (W)water in the Nile turned into blood. 21 And the fish in the Nile died, and the Nile stank, so that the Egyptians (X)could not drink water from the Nile. There was blood throughout all the land of Egypt. 22 But (Y)the magicians of Egypt did the same by their secret arts. So (Z)Pharaoh's heart remained hardened, and he would not listen to them, as (AA)the Lord had said. 23 Pharaoh turned and went into his house, and he did not take even this to heart. 24 And all the Egyptians dug along the Nile for water to drink, for they could not drink the water of the Nile.
25 Seven full days passed after the Lord had struck the Nile.
The Second Plague: Frogs
8 [a] Then the Lord said to Moses, “Go in to Pharaoh and say to him, ‘Thus says the Lord, “Let my people go, that (AB)they may serve me. 2 But if you (AC)refuse to let them go, behold, I will plague all your country with (AD)frogs. 3 The Nile shall swarm with frogs that shall come up into your house and into (AE)your bedroom and on your bed and into the houses of your servants and your people,[b] and into your ovens and your kneading bowls. 4 The frogs shall come up on you and on your people and on all your servants.”’” 5 [c] And the Lord said to Moses, “Say to Aaron, (AF)‘Stretch out your hand with your staff over the rivers, over the canals and over the pools, and make frogs come up on the land of Egypt!’” 6 So Aaron stretched out his hand over the waters of Egypt, and (AG)the frogs came up and covered the land of Egypt. 7 But (AH)the magicians did the same by their secret arts and made frogs come up on the land of Egypt.
8 Then Pharaoh called Moses and Aaron and said, (AI)“Plead with the Lord to take away the frogs from me and from my people, and (AJ)I will let the people go to sacrifice to the Lord.” 9 Moses said to Pharaoh, “Be pleased to command me when (AK)I am to plead for you and for your servants and for your people, that the frogs be cut off from you and your houses and be left only in the Nile.” 10 And he said, “Tomorrow.” Moses said, “Be it as you say, so (AL)that you may know that (AM)there is no one like the Lord our God. 11 The frogs shall go away from you and your houses and your servants and your people. They shall be left only in the Nile.” 12 So Moses and Aaron went out from Pharaoh, and Moses cried to the Lord about the frogs, as he had agreed with Pharaoh.[d] 13 And the Lord did according to the word of Moses. The frogs died out in the houses, the courtyards, and the fields. 14 And they gathered them together in heaps, and the land stank. 15 But when Pharaoh saw that there was a (AN)respite, he (AO)hardened his heart and would not listen to them, as the Lord had said.
The Third Plague: Gnats
16 Then the Lord said to Moses, “Say to Aaron, (AP)‘Stretch out your staff and strike the dust of the earth, so that it may become gnats in all the land of Egypt.’” 17 And they did so. Aaron stretched out his hand with his staff and struck the dust of the earth, and (AQ)there were gnats on man and beast. All the dust of the earth became gnats in all the land of Egypt. 18 The (AR)magicians tried by their secret arts to produce gnats, but they could not. So there were gnats on man and beast. 19 Then the magicians said to Pharaoh, “This is (AS)the finger of God.” But Pharaoh's heart was hardened, and he would not listen to them, as the Lord had said.
The Fourth Plague: Flies
20 Then the Lord said to Moses, (AT)“Rise up early in the morning and present yourself to Pharaoh, as he goes out to the water, and say to him, ‘Thus says the Lord, (AU)“Let my people go, that they may serve me. 21 Or else, if you will not let my people go, behold, I will send swarms of flies on you and your servants and your people, and into your houses. And the houses of the Egyptians shall be filled with swarms of flies, and also the ground on which they stand. 22 But on that day (AV)I will set apart the land of Goshen, where my people dwell, so that no swarms of flies shall be there, (AW)that you may know that I am the Lord in the midst of the earth.[e] 23 Thus I will put a division[f] between my people and your people. Tomorrow this sign shall happen.”’” 24 And the Lord did so. (AX)There came great swarms of flies into the house of Pharaoh and into his servants' houses. Throughout all the land of Egypt the land was ruined by the swarms of flies.
25 Then Pharaoh called Moses and Aaron and said, “Go, sacrifice to your God within the land.” 26 But Moses said, “It would not be right to do so, for the offerings we shall sacrifice to the Lord our God are an (AY)abomination to the Egyptians. If we sacrifice offerings (AZ)abominable to the Egyptians before their eyes, will they not stone us? 27 We must go (BA)three days' journey into the wilderness and sacrifice to the Lord our God (BB)as he tells us.” 28 So Pharaoh said, “I will let you go to sacrifice to the Lord your God in the wilderness; only you must not go very far away. (BC)Plead for me.” 29 Then Moses said, “Behold, I am going out from you and I will plead with the Lord that the swarms of flies may depart from Pharaoh, from his servants, and from his people, tomorrow. Only let not Pharaoh (BD)cheat again by not letting the people go to sacrifice to the Lord.” 30 So Moses went out from Pharaoh and prayed to the Lord. 31 And the Lord did as Moses asked, and removed the swarms of flies from Pharaoh, from his servants, and from his people; not one remained. 32 But Pharaoh (BE)hardened his heart this time also, and did not let the people go.
The Fifth Plague: Egyptian Livestock Die
9 Then the Lord said to Moses, (BF)“Go in to Pharaoh and say to him, ‘Thus says (BG)the Lord, the God of the Hebrews, “Let my people go, that they may serve me. 2 For if you refuse to let them go and still hold them, 3 behold, (BH)the hand of the Lord will fall with a very severe plague upon your livestock that are in the field, the horses, the donkeys, the camels, the herds, and the flocks. 4 (BI)But the Lord will make a distinction between the livestock of Israel and the livestock of Egypt, so that nothing of all that belongs to the people of Israel shall die.”’” 5 And the Lord set a time, saying, “Tomorrow the Lord will do this thing in the land.” 6 And the next day the Lord did this thing. (BJ)All the livestock of the Egyptians died, but not one of the livestock of the people of Israel died. 7 And Pharaoh sent, and behold, not one of the livestock of Israel was dead. But (BK)the heart of Pharaoh was hardened, and he did not let the people go.
The Sixth Plague: Boils
8 And the Lord said to Moses and Aaron, “Take handfuls of soot from the kiln, and let Moses throw them in the air in the sight of Pharaoh. 9 It shall become fine dust over all the land of Egypt, and become (BL)boils breaking out in sores on man and beast throughout all the land of Egypt.” 10 So they took soot from the kiln and stood before Pharaoh. And Moses threw it in the air, and it became boils breaking out in sores on man and beast. 11 And (BM)the magicians could not stand before Moses because of the boils, for the boils came upon the magicians and upon all the Egyptians. 12 (BN)But the Lord hardened the heart of Pharaoh, and he did not listen to them, as (BO)the Lord had spoken to Moses.
The Seventh Plague: Hail
13 Then the Lord said to Moses, (BP)“Rise up early in the morning and present yourself before Pharaoh and say to him, ‘Thus says the Lord, the God of the Hebrews, “Let my people go, that they may serve me. 14 For this time I will send all my plagues on you yourself,[g] and on your servants and your people, so (BQ)that you may know that there is none like me in all the earth. 15 For by now I could have put out my hand and struck you and your people with pestilence, and you would have been cut off from the earth. 16 (BR)But for this purpose I have raised you up, to show you my power, so (BS)that my name may be proclaimed in all the earth. 17 (BT)You are still exalting yourself against my people and will not let them go. 18 Behold, about this time tomorrow I will cause very heavy hail to fall, such as never has been in Egypt from the day it was founded until now. 19 Now therefore send, (BU)get your livestock and all that you have in the field into safe shelter, for every man and beast that is in the field and is not brought home will die when the hail falls on them.”’” 20 Then whoever feared the word of the Lord among the servants of Pharaoh hurried his slaves and his livestock into the houses, 21 but whoever did not pay attention to the word of the Lord left his slaves and his livestock in the field.
22 Then the Lord said to Moses, “Stretch out your hand toward heaven, so that there may be (BV)hail in all the land of Egypt, on man and beast and every plant of the field, in the land of Egypt.” 23 Then Moses stretched out his staff toward heaven, and the (BW)Lord sent thunder and hail, and fire ran down to the earth. And the Lord rained hail upon the land of Egypt. 24 There was hail and fire flashing continually in the midst of the hail, very heavy hail, such as had never been in all the land of Egypt since it became a nation. 25 The hail struck down everything that was in the field in all the land of Egypt, both man and beast. And the hail (BX)struck down every plant of the field and broke every tree of the field. 26 (BY)Only in the land of Goshen, where the people of Israel were, was there no hail.
27 Then Pharaoh sent and called Moses and Aaron and said to them, “This time (BZ)I have sinned; the (CA)Lord is in the right, and I and my people are in the wrong. 28 (CB)Plead with the Lord, for there has been enough of God's thunder and hail. I will let you go, and you shall stay no longer.” 29 Moses said to him, “As soon as I have gone out of the city, (CC)I will stretch out my hands to the Lord. The thunder will cease, and there will be no more hail, so that you may know that (CD)the earth is the Lord's. 30 But as for you and your servants, (CE)I know that you do not yet fear the Lord God.” 31 (The flax and the barley were struck down, for the barley was in the ear and the flax was in bud. 32 But the wheat and the emmer[h] were not struck down, for they are late in coming up.) 33 So Moses went out of the city from Pharaoh and (CF)stretched out his hands to the Lord, and the thunder and the hail ceased, and the rain no longer poured upon the earth. 34 But when Pharaoh saw that the rain and the hail and the thunder had ceased, he sinned yet again and (CG)hardened his heart, (CH)he and his servants. 35 So (CI)the heart of Pharaoh was hardened, and he did not let the people of Israel go, just as the Lord had spoken through Moses.
The Eighth Plague: Locusts
10 Then the Lord said to Moses, “Go in to Pharaoh, for I have hardened his heart and the heart of his servants, that I may show these signs of mine among them, 2 and (CJ)that you may tell in the hearing of your son and of your grandson how I have dealt harshly with the Egyptians and what signs I have done among them, (CK)that you may know that I am the Lord.”
3 So Moses and Aaron went in to Pharaoh and said to him, “Thus says the Lord, the God of the Hebrews, ‘How long will you refuse to (CL)humble yourself before me? Let my people go, that they may serve me. 4 For if you refuse to let my people go, behold, tomorrow I will bring (CM)locusts into your country, 5 and they shall cover the face of the land, so that no one can see the land. And they shall (CN)eat what is left to you after the hail, and they shall eat every tree of yours that grows in the field, 6 and they shall fill (CO)your houses and the houses of all your servants and of all the Egyptians, as neither your fathers nor your grandfathers have seen, from the day they came on earth to this day.’” Then he turned and went out from Pharaoh.
7 Then Pharaoh's servants said to him, “How long shall this man be a snare to us? Let the men go, that they may serve the Lord their God. Do you not yet understand that Egypt is ruined?” 8 So Moses and Aaron were brought back to Pharaoh. And he said to them, (CP)“Go, serve the Lord your God. But which ones are to go?” 9 Moses said, “We will go with our young and our old. We will go with our sons and daughters and with our flocks and herds, for (CQ)we must hold a feast to the Lord.” 10 But he said to them, “The Lord be with you, if ever I let you and your (CR)little ones go! Look, you have some evil purpose in mind.[i] 11 No! Go, the men among you, and serve the Lord, for that is what you are asking.” And they were driven out from Pharaoh's presence.
12 Then the Lord said to Moses, (CS)“Stretch out your hand over the land of Egypt for the locusts, so that they may come upon the land of Egypt and (CT)eat every plant in the land, all that the hail has left.” 13 So Moses stretched out his staff over the land of Egypt, and the Lord brought an east wind upon the land all that day and all that night. When it was morning, the east wind had brought the locusts. 14 (CU)The locusts came up over all the land of Egypt and settled on the whole country of Egypt, (CV)such a dense swarm of locusts as had never been before, nor ever will be again. 15 They covered the face of the whole land, so that the land was darkened, and (CW)they ate all the plants in the land and all the fruit of the trees that the hail had left. Not a green thing remained, neither tree nor plant of the field, through all the land of Egypt. 16 Then Pharaoh hastily called Moses and Aaron and said, (CX)“I have sinned against the Lord your God, and against you. 17 Now therefore, forgive my sin, please, only this once, and (CY)plead with the Lord your God only to remove this death from me.” 18 So (CZ)he went out from Pharaoh and pleaded with the Lord. 19 And the Lord turned the wind into a very strong west wind, which lifted the locusts and drove them (DA)into the Red Sea. Not a single locust was left in all the country of Egypt. 20 But the Lord (DB)hardened Pharaoh's heart, and he did not let the people of Israel go.
The Ninth Plague: Darkness
21 Then the Lord said to Moses, (DC)“Stretch out your hand toward heaven, that there may be (DD)darkness over the land of Egypt, a darkness to be felt.” 22 So Moses stretched out his hand toward heaven, and there was pitch darkness in all the land of Egypt three days. 23 They did not see one another, nor did anyone rise from his place for three days, but (DE)all the people of Israel had light where they lived. 24 Then Pharaoh called Moses and said, (DF)“Go, serve the Lord; (DG)your little ones also may go with you; only let your flocks and your herds remain behind.” 25 But Moses said, “You must also let us have sacrifices and burnt offerings, that we may sacrifice to the Lord our God. 26 Our livestock also must go with us; not a hoof shall be left behind, for we must take of them to serve the Lord our God, and we do not know with what we must serve the Lord until we arrive there.” 27 But the Lord (DH)hardened Pharaoh's heart, and he would not let them go. 28 Then Pharaoh said to him, “Get away from me; take care never to see my face again, for on the day you see my face you shall die.” 29 Moses said, “As you say! (DI)I will not see your face again.”
A Final Plague Threatened
11 The Lord said to Moses, “Yet (DJ)one plague more I will bring upon Pharaoh and upon Egypt. Afterward he will let you go from here. (DK)When he lets you go, he will drive you away completely. 2 Speak now in the hearing of the people, that (DL)they ask, every man of his neighbor and every woman of her neighbor, for silver and gold jewelry.” 3 (DM)And the Lord gave the people favor in the sight of the Egyptians. Moreover, the man Moses was very great in the land of Egypt, in the sight of Pharaoh's servants and in the sight of the people.
4 So Moses said, “Thus says the Lord: (DN)‘About midnight I will go out in the midst of Egypt, 5 and every firstborn in the land of Egypt shall die, from the firstborn of Pharaoh who sits on his throne, even to the firstborn of the slave girl who is (DO)behind the handmill, and all the firstborn of the cattle. 6 (DP)There shall be a great cry throughout all the land of Egypt, such as there has never been, nor ever will be again. 7 But not a dog shall growl (DQ)against any of the people of Israel, either man or beast, that you may know that the Lord (DR)makes a distinction between Egypt and Israel.’ 8 And (DS)all these your servants shall come down to me and bow down to me, saying, ‘Get out, you and all the people who follow you.’ And after that I will go out.” And he went out from Pharaoh in hot anger. 9 Then the Lord said to Moses, (DT)“Pharaoh will not listen to you, that (DU)my wonders may be multiplied in the land of Egypt.”
10 Moses and Aaron did all these wonders before Pharaoh, and the Lord (DV)hardened Pharaoh's heart, and he did not let the people of Israel go out of his land.
The Passover
12 The Lord said to Moses and Aaron in the land of Egypt, 2 (DW)“This month shall be for you the beginning of months. It shall be the first month of the year for you. 3 Tell all the congregation of Israel that on the tenth day of this month every man shall take a lamb (DX)according to their fathers' houses, a lamb for a household. 4 And if the household is too small for a lamb, then he and his nearest neighbor shall take according to the number of persons; according to what each can eat you shall make your count for the lamb. 5 Your lamb shall be (DY)without blemish, a male a year old. You may take it from the sheep or from the goats, 6 and you shall keep it until the (DZ)fourteenth day of this month, when the whole assembly of the congregation of Israel shall kill their lambs at twilight.[j]
7 “Then they shall take some of the blood and put it on the (EA)two doorposts and the lintel of the houses in which they eat it. 8 They shall eat the flesh that night, roasted on the fire; with (EB)unleavened bread and bitter herbs they shall eat it. 9 Do not eat any of it raw or boiled in water, but (EC)roasted, its head with its legs and its inner parts. 10 And (ED)you shall let none of it remain until the morning; anything that remains until the morning you shall burn. 11 In this manner you shall eat it: with (EE)your belt fastened, your sandals on your feet, and your staff in your hand. And you shall eat it in haste. (EF)It is the Lord's Passover. 12 For (EG)I will pass through the land of Egypt that night, and I will strike all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, both man and beast; and on (EH)all the gods of Egypt I will execute judgments: (EI)I am the Lord. 13 (EJ)The blood shall be a sign for you, on the houses where you are. And when I see the blood, I will pass over you, and no plague will befall you to destroy you, when I strike the land of Egypt.
14 “This day shall be (EK)for you a memorial day, and you shall keep it as a feast to the Lord; throughout your generations, as a (EL)statute forever, you shall keep it as a feast. 15 (EM)Seven days you shall eat unleavened bread. On the first day you shall remove leaven out of your houses, for if anyone eats what is leavened, from the first day until the seventh day, (EN)that person shall be cut off from Israel. 16 On the first day you shall hold a (EO)holy assembly, and on the seventh day a holy assembly. No work shall be done on those days. But what everyone needs to eat, that alone may be prepared by you. 17 And you shall observe the Feast of Unleavened Bread, for (EP)on this very day I brought your (EQ)hosts out of the land of Egypt. Therefore you shall observe this day, throughout your generations, as a statute forever. 18 (ER)In the first month, from the fourteenth day of the month at evening, you shall eat unleavened bread until the twenty-first day of the month at evening. 19 (ES)For seven days no leaven is to be found in your houses. If anyone eats what is leavened, (ET)that person will be cut off from the congregation of Israel, (EU)whether he is a sojourner or a native of the land. 20 You shall eat nothing leavened; in all your dwelling places you shall eat unleavened bread.”
21 Then Moses called all the elders of Israel and said to them, “Go and select lambs for yourselves (EV)according to your clans, and kill the Passover lamb. 22 Take a bunch of (EW)hyssop and (EX)dip it in the blood that is in the basin, and touch (EY)the lintel and the two doorposts with the blood that is in the basin. (EZ)None of you shall go out of the door of his house until the morning. 23 (FA)For the Lord will pass through to strike the Egyptians, and when he sees the blood on (FB)the lintel and on the two doorposts, the Lord will pass over the door and (FC)will not allow the destroyer to enter your houses to strike you. 24 You shall observe this rite as a statute for you and for your sons forever. 25 And when you come to the land that the Lord will give you, (FD)as he has promised, you shall keep this service. 26 And (FE)when your children say to you, ‘What do you mean by this service?’ 27 you shall say, (FF)‘It is the sacrifice of the Lord's Passover, for he passed over the houses of the people of Israel in Egypt, when he struck the Egyptians but spared our houses.’” And the people (FG)bowed their heads and worshiped.
28 Then the people of Israel went and did so; as the Lord had commanded Moses and Aaron, so they did.
The Tenth Plague: Death of the Firstborn
29 (FH)At midnight the (FI)Lord struck down all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, (FJ)from the firstborn of Pharaoh who sat on his throne to the firstborn of the captive who was in the dungeon, and all the firstborn of the livestock. 30 And Pharaoh rose up in the night, he and all his servants and all the Egyptians. And there was (FK)a great cry in Egypt, for there was not a house where someone was not dead. 31 Then he summoned Moses and Aaron by night and said, “Up, go out from among my people, (FL)both you and the people of Israel; and go, serve the Lord, as you have said. 32 (FM)Take your flocks and your herds, as you have said, and be gone, and bless me also!”
The Exodus
33 (FN)The Egyptians were urgent with the people to send them out of the land in haste. For they said, “We shall all be dead.” 34 So the people took their dough before it was leavened, their kneading bowls being bound up in their cloaks on their shoulders. 35 The people of Israel had also done as Moses told them, for they had (FO)asked the Egyptians for silver and gold jewelry and for clothing. 36 (FP)And the Lord had given the people favor in the sight of the Egyptians, so that (FQ)they let them have what they asked. Thus they plundered the Egyptians.
37 And the (FR)people of Israel journeyed from (FS)Rameses to Succoth, (FT)about six hundred thousand men on foot, besides women and children. 38 A (FU)mixed multitude also went up with them, and very much livestock, both flocks and herds. 39 And they baked unleavened cakes of the dough that they had brought out of Egypt, for it was not leavened, because (FV)they were thrust out of Egypt and (FW)could not wait, nor had they prepared any provisions for themselves.
40 The time that the people of Israel lived in Egypt was 430 years. 41 At the end of (FX)430 years, on that very day, all the hosts of the Lord went out from the land of Egypt. 42 It was a night of watching by the Lord, to bring them out of the land of Egypt; so this same night is a (FY)night of watching kept to the Lord by all the people of Israel throughout their generations.
Institution of the Passover
43 And the Lord said to Moses and Aaron, “This is the statute of the Passover: no foreigner shall eat of it, 44 but every slave[k] that is (FZ)bought for money may eat of it after you have circumcised him. 45 (GA)No foreigner or hired worker may eat of it. 46 It shall be eaten in one house; you shall not take any of the flesh outside the house, and (GB)you shall not break any of its bones. 47 (GC)All the congregation of Israel shall keep it. 48 (GD)If a stranger shall sojourn with you and would keep the Passover to the Lord, let all his males be circumcised. Then he may come near and keep it; he (GE)shall be as a native of the land. But no uncircumcised person shall eat of it. 49 There shall be (GF)one law for the native and for the (GG)stranger who sojourns among you.”
50 All the people of Israel did just as the Lord commanded Moses and Aaron. 51 And on that very day the (GH)Lord brought the people of Israel out of the land of Egypt by their (GI)hosts.
Footnotes
- Exodus 8:1 Ch 7:26 in Hebrew
- Exodus 8:3 Or among your people
- Exodus 8:5 Ch 8:1 in Hebrew
- Exodus 8:12 Or which he had brought upon Pharaoh
- Exodus 8:22 Or that I the Lord am in the land
- Exodus 8:23 Septuagint, Vulgate; Hebrew set redemption
- Exodus 9:14 Hebrew on your heart
- Exodus 9:32 A type of wheat
- Exodus 10:10 Hebrew before your face
- Exodus 12:6 Hebrew between the two evenings
- Exodus 12:44 Or servant; the Hebrew term ‘ebed designates a range of social and economic roles (see Preface)
Exodus 7-12
New International Version
Exodus 7-12
New International Version
7 Then the Lord said to Moses, “See, I have made you like God(A) to Pharaoh, and your brother Aaron will be your prophet.(B) 2 You are to say everything I command you, and your brother Aaron is to tell Pharaoh to let the Israelites go out of his country. 3 But I will harden Pharaoh’s heart,(C) and though I multiply my signs and wonders(D) in Egypt, 4 he will not listen(E) to you. Then I will lay my hand on Egypt and with mighty acts of judgment(F) I will bring out my divisions,(G) my people the Israelites. 5 And the Egyptians will know that I am the Lord(H) when I stretch out my hand(I) against Egypt and bring the Israelites out of it.”
6 Moses and Aaron did just as the Lord commanded(J) them. 7 Moses was eighty years old(K) and Aaron eighty-three when they spoke to Pharaoh.
Aaron’s Staff Becomes a Snake
8 The Lord said to Moses and Aaron, 9 “When Pharaoh says to you, ‘Perform a miracle,(L)’ then say to Aaron, ‘Take your staff and throw it down before Pharaoh,’ and it will become a snake.”(M)
10 So Moses and Aaron went to Pharaoh and did just as the Lord commanded. Aaron threw his staff down in front of Pharaoh and his officials, and it became a snake. 11 Pharaoh then summoned wise men and sorcerers,(N) and the Egyptian magicians(O) also did the same things by their secret arts:(P) 12 Each one threw down his staff and it became a snake. But Aaron’s staff swallowed up their staffs. 13 Yet Pharaoh’s heart(Q) became hard and he would not listen(R) to them, just as the Lord had said.
The Plague of Blood
14 Then the Lord said to Moses, “Pharaoh’s heart is unyielding;(S) he refuses to let the people go. 15 Go to Pharaoh in the morning as he goes out to the river.(T) Confront him on the bank of the Nile,(U) and take in your hand the staff that was changed into a snake. 16 Then say to him, ‘The Lord, the God of the Hebrews, has sent me to say to you: Let my people go, so that they may worship(V) me in the wilderness. But until now you have not listened.(W) 17 This is what the Lord says: By this you will know that I am the Lord:(X) With the staff that is in my hand I will strike the water of the Nile, and it will be changed into blood.(Y) 18 The fish in the Nile will die, and the river will stink;(Z) the Egyptians will not be able to drink its water.’”(AA)
19 The Lord said to Moses, “Tell Aaron, ‘Take your staff(AB) and stretch out your hand(AC) over the waters of Egypt—over the streams and canals, over the ponds and all the reservoirs—and they will turn to blood.’ Blood will be everywhere in Egypt, even in vessels[a] of wood and stone.”
20 Moses and Aaron did just as the Lord had commanded.(AD) He raised his staff in the presence of Pharaoh and his officials and struck the water of the Nile,(AE) and all the water was changed into blood.(AF) 21 The fish in the Nile died, and the river smelled so bad that the Egyptians could not drink its water. Blood was everywhere in Egypt.
22 But the Egyptian magicians(AG) did the same things by their secret arts,(AH) and Pharaoh’s heart(AI) became hard; he would not listen to Moses and Aaron, just as the Lord had said. 23 Instead, he turned and went into his palace, and did not take even this to heart. 24 And all the Egyptians dug along the Nile to get drinking water(AJ), because they could not drink the water of the river.
The Plague of Frogs
25 Seven days passed after the Lord struck the Nile. 8 1 [b]Then the Lord said to Moses, “Go to Pharaoh and say to him, ‘This is what the Lord says: Let my people go, so that they may worship(AK) me. 2 If you refuse to let them go, I will send a plague of frogs(AL) on your whole country. 3 The Nile will teem with frogs. They will come up into your palace and your bedroom and onto your bed, into the houses of your officials and on your people,(AM) and into your ovens and kneading troughs.(AN) 4 The frogs will come up on you and your people and all your officials.’”
5 Then the Lord said to Moses, “Tell Aaron, ‘Stretch out your hand with your staff(AO) over the streams and canals and ponds, and make frogs(AP) come up on the land of Egypt.’”
6 So Aaron stretched out his hand over the waters of Egypt, and the frogs(AQ) came up and covered the land. 7 But the magicians did the same things by their secret arts;(AR) they also made frogs come up on the land of Egypt.
8 Pharaoh summoned Moses and Aaron and said, “Pray(AS) to the Lord to take the frogs away from me and my people, and I will let your people go to offer sacrifices(AT) to the Lord.”
9 Moses said to Pharaoh, “I leave to you the honor of setting the time(AU) for me to pray for you and your officials and your people that you and your houses may be rid of the frogs, except for those that remain in the Nile.”
10 “Tomorrow,” Pharaoh said.
Moses replied, “It will be as you say, so that you may know there is no one like the Lord our God.(AV) 11 The frogs will leave you and your houses, your officials and your people; they will remain only in the Nile.”
12 After Moses and Aaron left Pharaoh, Moses cried out to the Lord about the frogs he had brought on Pharaoh. 13 And the Lord did what Moses asked.(AW) The frogs died in the houses, in the courtyards and in the fields. 14 They were piled into heaps, and the land reeked of them. 15 But when Pharaoh saw that there was relief,(AX) he hardened his heart(AY) and would not listen to Moses and Aaron, just as the Lord had said.
The Plague of Gnats
16 Then the Lord said to Moses, “Tell Aaron, ‘Stretch out your staff(AZ) and strike the dust of the ground,’ and throughout the land of Egypt the dust will become gnats.” 17 They did this, and when Aaron stretched out his hand with the staff and struck the dust of the ground, gnats(BA) came on people and animals. All the dust throughout the land of Egypt became gnats. 18 But when the magicians(BB) tried to produce gnats by their secret arts,(BC) they could not.
Since the gnats were on people and animals everywhere, 19 the magicians said to Pharaoh, “This is the finger(BD) of God.” But Pharaoh’s heart(BE) was hard and he would not listen,(BF) just as the Lord had said.
The Plague of Flies
20 Then the Lord said to Moses, “Get up early in the morning(BG) and confront Pharaoh as he goes to the river and say to him, ‘This is what the Lord says: Let my people go, so that they may worship(BH) me. 21 If you do not let my people go, I will send swarms of flies on you and your officials, on your people and into your houses. The houses of the Egyptians will be full of flies; even the ground will be covered with them.
22 “‘But on that day I will deal differently with the land of Goshen,(BI) where my people live;(BJ) no swarms of flies will be there, so that you will know(BK) that I, the Lord, am in this land. 23 I will make a distinction[c] between my people and your people.(BL) This sign will occur tomorrow.’”
24 And the Lord did this. Dense swarms of flies poured into Pharaoh’s palace and into the houses of his officials; throughout Egypt the land was ruined by the flies.(BM)
25 Then Pharaoh summoned(BN) Moses and Aaron and said, “Go, sacrifice to your God here in the land.”
26 But Moses said, “That would not be right. The sacrifices we offer the Lord our God would be detestable to the Egyptians.(BO) And if we offer sacrifices that are detestable in their eyes, will they not stone us? 27 We must take a three-day journey(BP) into the wilderness to offer sacrifices(BQ) to the Lord our God, as he commands us.”
28 Pharaoh said, “I will let you go to offer sacrifices to the Lord your God in the wilderness, but you must not go very far. Now pray(BR) for me.”
29 Moses answered, “As soon as I leave you, I will pray to the Lord, and tomorrow the flies will leave Pharaoh and his officials and his people. Only let Pharaoh be sure that he does not act deceitfully(BS) again by not letting the people go to offer sacrifices to the Lord.”
30 Then Moses left Pharaoh and prayed to the Lord,(BT) 31 and the Lord did what Moses asked. The flies left Pharaoh and his officials and his people; not a fly remained. 32 But this time also Pharaoh hardened his heart(BU) and would not let the people go.
The Plague on Livestock
9 Then the Lord said to Moses, “Go to Pharaoh and say to him, ‘This is what the Lord, the God of the Hebrews, says: “Let my people go, so that they may worship(BV) me.” 2 If you refuse to let them go and continue to hold them back, 3 the hand(BW) of the Lord will bring a terrible plague(BX) on your livestock in the field—on your horses, donkeys and camels and on your cattle, sheep and goats. 4 But the Lord will make a distinction between the livestock of Israel and that of Egypt,(BY) so that no animal belonging to the Israelites will die.’”
5 The Lord set a time and said, “Tomorrow the Lord will do this in the land.” 6 And the next day the Lord did it: All the livestock(BZ) of the Egyptians died,(CA) but not one animal belonging to the Israelites died. 7 Pharaoh investigated and found that not even one of the animals of the Israelites had died. Yet his heart(CB) was unyielding and he would not let the people go.(CC)
The Plague of Boils
8 Then the Lord said to Moses and Aaron, “Take handfuls of soot from a furnace and have Moses toss it into the air in the presence of Pharaoh. 9 It will become fine dust over the whole land of Egypt, and festering boils(CD) will break out on people and animals throughout the land.”
10 So they took soot from a furnace and stood before Pharaoh. Moses tossed it into the air, and festering boils broke out on people and animals. 11 The magicians(CE) could not stand before Moses because of the boils that were on them and on all the Egyptians. 12 But the Lord hardened Pharaoh’s heart(CF) and he would not listen(CG) to Moses and Aaron, just as the Lord had said to Moses.
The Plague of Hail
13 Then the Lord said to Moses, “Get up early in the morning, confront Pharaoh and say to him, ‘This is what the Lord, the God of the Hebrews, says: Let my people go, so that they may worship(CH) me, 14 or this time I will send the full force of my plagues against you and against your officials and your people, so you may know(CI) that there is no one like(CJ) me in all the earth. 15 For by now I could have stretched out my hand and struck you and your people(CK) with a plague that would have wiped you off the earth. 16 But I have raised you up[d] for this very purpose,(CL) that I might show you my power(CM) and that my name might be proclaimed in all the earth. 17 You still set yourself against my people and will not let them go. 18 Therefore, at this time tomorrow I will send the worst hailstorm(CN) that has ever fallen on Egypt, from the day it was founded till now.(CO) 19 Give an order now to bring your livestock and everything you have in the field to a place of shelter, because the hail will fall on every person and animal that has not been brought in and is still out in the field, and they will die.’”
20 Those officials of Pharaoh who feared(CP) the word of the Lord hurried to bring their slaves and their livestock inside. 21 But those who ignored(CQ) the word of the Lord left their slaves and livestock in the field.
22 Then the Lord said to Moses, “Stretch out your hand toward the sky so that hail will fall all over Egypt—on people and animals and on everything growing in the fields of Egypt.” 23 When Moses stretched out his staff toward the sky, the Lord sent thunder(CR) and hail,(CS) and lightning flashed down to the ground. So the Lord rained hail on the land of Egypt; 24 hail fell and lightning flashed back and forth. It was the worst storm in all the land of Egypt since it had become a nation.(CT) 25 Throughout Egypt hail struck everything in the fields—both people and animals; it beat down everything growing in the fields and stripped every tree.(CU) 26 The only place it did not hail was the land of Goshen,(CV) where the Israelites were.(CW)
27 Then Pharaoh summoned Moses and Aaron. “This time I have sinned,”(CX) he said to them. “The Lord is in the right,(CY) and I and my people are in the wrong. 28 Pray(CZ) to the Lord, for we have had enough thunder and hail. I will let you go;(DA) you don’t have to stay any longer.”
29 Moses replied, “When I have gone out of the city, I will spread out my hands(DB) in prayer to the Lord. The thunder will stop and there will be no more hail, so you may know that the earth(DC) is the Lord’s. 30 But I know that you and your officials still do not fear(DD) the Lord God.”
31 (The flax and barley(DE) were destroyed, since the barley had headed and the flax was in bloom. 32 The wheat and spelt,(DF) however, were not destroyed, because they ripen later.)
33 Then Moses left Pharaoh and went out of the city. He spread out his hands toward the Lord; the thunder and hail stopped, and the rain no longer poured down on the land. 34 When Pharaoh saw that the rain and hail and thunder had stopped, he sinned again: He and his officials hardened their hearts. 35 So Pharaoh’s heart(DG) was hard and he would not let the Israelites go, just as the Lord had said through Moses.
The Plague of Locusts
10 Then the Lord said to Moses, “Go to Pharaoh, for I have hardened his heart(DH) and the hearts of his officials so that I may perform these signs(DI) of mine among them 2 that you may tell your children(DJ) and grandchildren how I dealt harshly(DK) with the Egyptians and how I performed my signs among them, and that you may know that I am the Lord.”(DL)
3 So Moses and Aaron went to Pharaoh and said to him, “This is what the Lord, the God of the Hebrews, says: ‘How long will you refuse to humble(DM) yourself before me? Let my people go, so that they may worship me. 4 If you refuse(DN) to let them go, I will bring locusts(DO) into your country tomorrow. 5 They will cover the face of the ground so that it cannot be seen. They will devour what little you have left(DP) after the hail, including every tree that is growing in your fields.(DQ) 6 They will fill your houses(DR) and those of all your officials and all the Egyptians—something neither your parents nor your ancestors have ever seen from the day they settled in this land till now.’”(DS) Then Moses turned and left Pharaoh.
7 Pharaoh’s officials said to him, “How long will this man be a snare(DT) to us? Let the people go, so that they may worship the Lord their God. Do you not yet realize that Egypt is ruined?”(DU)
8 Then Moses and Aaron were brought back to Pharaoh. “Go, worship(DV) the Lord your God,” he said. “But tell me who will be going.”
9 Moses answered, “We will go with our young and our old, with our sons and our daughters, and with our flocks and herds, because we are to celebrate a festival(DW) to the Lord.”
10 Pharaoh said, “The Lord be with you—if I let you go, along with your women and children! Clearly you are bent on evil.[e] 11 No! Have only the men go and worship the Lord, since that’s what you have been asking for.” Then Moses and Aaron were driven out of Pharaoh’s presence.
12 And the Lord said to Moses, “Stretch out your hand(DX) over Egypt so that locusts swarm over the land and devour everything growing in the fields, everything left by the hail.”
13 So Moses stretched out his staff(DY) over Egypt, and the Lord made an east wind blow across the land all that day and all that night. By morning the wind had brought the locusts;(DZ) 14 they invaded all Egypt and settled down in every area of the country in great numbers. Never before had there been such a plague of locusts,(EA) nor will there ever be again. 15 They covered all the ground until it was black. They devoured(EB) all that was left after the hail—everything growing in the fields and the fruit on the trees. Nothing green remained on tree or plant in all the land of Egypt.
16 Pharaoh quickly summoned(EC) Moses and Aaron and said, “I have sinned(ED) against the Lord your God and against you. 17 Now forgive(EE) my sin once more and pray(EF) to the Lord your God to take this deadly plague away from me.”
18 Moses then left Pharaoh and prayed to the Lord.(EG) 19 And the Lord changed the wind to a very strong west wind, which caught up the locusts and carried them into the Red Sea.[f] Not a locust was left anywhere in Egypt. 20 But the Lord hardened Pharaoh’s heart,(EH) and he would not let the Israelites go.
The Plague of Darkness
21 Then the Lord said to Moses, “Stretch out your hand toward the sky so that darkness(EI) spreads over Egypt—darkness that can be felt.” 22 So Moses stretched out his hand toward the sky, and total darkness(EJ) covered all Egypt for three days. 23 No one could see anyone else or move about for three days. Yet all the Israelites had light in the places where they lived.(EK)
24 Then Pharaoh summoned Moses and said, “Go,(EL) worship the Lord. Even your women and children(EM) may go with you; only leave your flocks and herds behind.”(EN)
25 But Moses said, “You must allow us to have sacrifices and burnt offerings(EO) to present to the Lord our God. 26 Our livestock too must go with us; not a hoof is to be left behind. We have to use some of them in worshiping the Lord our God, and until we get there we will not know what we are to use to worship the Lord.”
27 But the Lord hardened Pharaoh’s heart,(EP) and he was not willing to let them go. 28 Pharaoh said to Moses, “Get out of my sight! Make sure you do not appear before me again! The day you see my face you will die.”
29 “Just as you say,” Moses replied. “I will never appear(EQ) before you again.”
The Plague on the Firstborn
11 Now the Lord had said to Moses, “I will bring one more plague on Pharaoh and on Egypt. After that, he will let you go(ER) from here, and when he does, he will drive you out completely.(ES) 2 Tell the people that men and women alike are to ask their neighbors for articles of silver and gold.”(ET) 3 (The Lord made the Egyptians favorably disposed(EU) toward the people, and Moses himself was highly regarded(EV) in Egypt by Pharaoh’s officials and by the people.)
4 So Moses said, “This is what the Lord says: ‘About midnight(EW) I will go throughout Egypt.(EX) 5 Every firstborn(EY) son in Egypt will die, from the firstborn son of Pharaoh, who sits on the throne, to the firstborn son of the female slave, who is at her hand mill,(EZ) and all the firstborn of the cattle as well. 6 There will be loud wailing(FA) throughout Egypt—worse than there has ever been or ever will be again. 7 But among the Israelites not a dog will bark at any person or animal.’ Then you will know that the Lord makes a distinction(FB) between Egypt and Israel. 8 All these officials of yours will come to me, bowing down before me and saying, ‘Go,(FC) you and all the people who follow you!’ After that I will leave.”(FD) Then Moses, hot with anger, left Pharaoh.
9 The Lord had said to Moses, “Pharaoh will refuse to listen(FE) to you—so that my wonders(FF) may be multiplied in Egypt.” 10 Moses and Aaron performed all these wonders before Pharaoh, but the Lord hardened Pharaoh’s heart,(FG) and he would not let the Israelites go out of his country.
The Passover and the Festival of Unleavened Bread(FH)
12 The Lord said to Moses and Aaron in Egypt, 2 “This month is to be for you the first month,(FI) the first month of your year. 3 Tell the whole community of Israel that on the tenth day of this month each man is to take a lamb[g](FJ) for his family, one for each household.(FK) 4 If any household is too small for a whole lamb, they must share one with their nearest neighbor, having taken into account the number of people there are. You are to determine the amount of lamb needed in accordance with what each person will eat. 5 The animals you choose must be year-old males without defect,(FL) and you may take them from the sheep or the goats. 6 Take care of them until the fourteenth day of the month,(FM) when all the members of the community of Israel must slaughter them at twilight.(FN) 7 Then they are to take some of the blood(FO) and put it on the sides and tops of the doorframes of the houses where they eat the lambs. 8 That same night(FP) they are to eat the meat roasted(FQ) over the fire, along with bitter herbs,(FR) and bread made without yeast.(FS) 9 Do not eat the meat raw or boiled in water, but roast it over a fire—with the head, legs and internal organs.(FT) 10 Do not leave any of it till morning;(FU) if some is left till morning, you must burn it. 11 This is how you are to eat it: with your cloak tucked into your belt, your sandals on your feet and your staff in your hand. Eat it in haste;(FV) it is the Lord’s Passover.(FW)
12 “On that same night I will pass through(FX) Egypt and strike down(FY) every firstborn(FZ) of both people and animals, and I will bring judgment on all the gods(GA) of Egypt. I am the Lord.(GB) 13 The blood will be a sign for you on the houses where you are, and when I see the blood, I will pass over(GC) you. No destructive plague will touch you when I strike Egypt.(GD)
14 “This is a day you are to commemorate;(GE) for the generations to come you shall celebrate it as a festival to the Lord—a lasting ordinance.(GF) 15 For seven days you are to eat bread made without yeast.(GG) On the first day remove the yeast from your houses, for whoever eats anything with yeast in it from the first day through the seventh must be cut off(GH) from Israel. 16 On the first day hold a sacred assembly, and another one on the seventh day. Do no work(GI) at all on these days, except to prepare food for everyone to eat; that is all you may do.
17 “Celebrate the Festival of Unleavened Bread,(GJ) because it was on this very day that I brought your divisions out of Egypt.(GK) Celebrate this day as a lasting ordinance for the generations to come.(GL) 18 In the first month(GM) you are to eat bread made without yeast, from the evening of the fourteenth day until the evening of the twenty-first day. 19 For seven days no yeast is to be found in your houses. And anyone, whether foreigner(GN) or native-born, who eats anything with yeast in it must be cut off(GO) from the community of Israel. 20 Eat nothing made with yeast. Wherever you live,(GP) you must eat unleavened bread.”(GQ)
21 Then Moses summoned all the elders of Israel and said to them, “Go at once and select the animals for your families and slaughter the Passover(GR) lamb. 22 Take a bunch of hyssop,(GS) dip it into the blood in the basin and put some of the blood(GT) on the top and on both sides of the doorframe. None of you shall go out of the door of your house until morning. 23 When the Lord goes through the land to strike(GU) down the Egyptians, he will see the blood(GV) on the top and sides of the doorframe and will pass over(GW) that doorway, and he will not permit the destroyer(GX) to enter your houses and strike you down.
24 “Obey these instructions as a lasting ordinance(GY) for you and your descendants. 25 When you enter the land(GZ) that the Lord will give you as he promised, observe this ceremony. 26 And when your children(HA) ask you, ‘What does this ceremony mean to you?’ 27 then tell them, ‘It is the Passover(HB) sacrifice to the Lord, who passed over the houses of the Israelites in Egypt and spared our homes when he struck down the Egyptians.’”(HC) Then the people bowed down and worshiped.(HD) 28 The Israelites did just what the Lord commanded(HE) Moses and Aaron.
29 At midnight(HF) the Lord(HG) struck down all the firstborn(HH) in Egypt, from the firstborn of Pharaoh, who sat on the throne, to the firstborn of the prisoner, who was in the dungeon, and the firstborn of all the livestock(HI) as well. 30 Pharaoh and all his officials and all the Egyptians got up during the night, and there was loud wailing(HJ) in Egypt, for there was not a house without someone dead.
The Exodus
31 During the night Pharaoh summoned Moses and Aaron and said, “Up! Leave my people, you and the Israelites! Go, worship(HK) the Lord as you have requested. 32 Take your flocks and herds,(HL) as you have said, and go. And also bless(HM) me.”
33 The Egyptians urged the people to hurry(HN) and leave(HO) the country. “For otherwise,” they said, “we will all die!”(HP) 34 So the people took their dough before the yeast was added, and carried it on their shoulders in kneading troughs(HQ) wrapped in clothing. 35 The Israelites did as Moses instructed and asked the Egyptians for articles of silver and gold(HR) and for clothing.(HS) 36 The Lord had made the Egyptians favorably disposed(HT) toward the people, and they gave them what they asked for; so they plundered(HU) the Egyptians.
37 The Israelites journeyed from Rameses(HV) to Sukkoth.(HW) There were about six hundred thousand men(HX) on foot, besides women and children. 38 Many other people(HY) went up with them, and also large droves of livestock, both flocks and herds. 39 With the dough the Israelites had brought from Egypt, they baked loaves of unleavened bread. The dough was without yeast because they had been driven out(HZ) of Egypt and did not have time to prepare food for themselves.
40 Now the length of time the Israelite people lived in Egypt[h] was 430 years.(IA) 41 At the end of the 430 years, to the very day, all the Lord’s divisions(IB) left Egypt.(IC) 42 Because the Lord kept vigil that night to bring them out of Egypt, on this night all the Israelites are to keep vigil to honor the Lord for the generations to come.(ID)
Passover Restrictions
43 The Lord said to Moses and Aaron, “These are the regulations for the Passover meal:(IE)
“No foreigner(IF) may eat it. 44 Any slave you have bought may eat it after you have circumcised(IG) him, 45 but a temporary resident or a hired worker(IH) may not eat it.
46 “It must be eaten inside the house; take none of the meat outside the house. Do not break any of the bones.(II) 47 The whole community of Israel must celebrate it.
48 “A foreigner residing among you who wants to celebrate the Lord’s Passover must have all the males in his household circumcised; then he may take part like one born in the land.(IJ) No uncircumcised(IK) male may eat it. 49 The same law applies both to the native-born and to the foreigner(IL) residing among you.”
50 All the Israelites did just what the Lord had commanded(IM) Moses and Aaron. 51 And on that very day the Lord brought the Israelites out of Egypt(IN) by their divisions.(IO)
Footnotes
- Exodus 7:19 Or even on their idols
- Exodus 8:1 In Hebrew texts 8:1-4 is numbered 7:26-29, and 8:5-32 is numbered 8:1-28.
- Exodus 8:23 Septuagint and Vulgate; Hebrew will put a deliverance
- Exodus 9:16 Or have spared you
- Exodus 10:10 Or Be careful, trouble is in store for you!
- Exodus 10:19 Or the Sea of Reeds
- Exodus 12:3 The Hebrew word can mean lamb or kid; also in verse 4.
- Exodus 12:40 Masoretic Text; Samaritan Pentateuch and Septuagint Egypt and Canaan
Psalm 78:43-51
English Standard Version
Psalm 78:43-51
English Standard Version
43 (A)when he performed his (B)signs in Egypt
and his (C)marvels in (D)the fields of Zoan.
44 He (E)turned their rivers to blood,
so that they could not drink of their streams.
45 He sent among them swarms of (F)flies, which devoured them,
and (G)frogs, which destroyed them.
46 He gave their crops to (H)the destroying locust
and the fruit of their labor to the locust.
47 He destroyed their vines with (I)hail
and their sycamores with frost.
48 He gave over their (J)cattle to the hail
and their flocks to thunderbolts.
49 He let loose on them his burning anger,
wrath, indignation, and distress,
a company of (K)destroying angels.
50 He made a path for his anger;
he did not spare them from death,
but gave their lives over to the plague.
51 He struck down every (L)firstborn in Egypt,
the firstfruits of their strength in the tents of (M)Ham.
Psalm 78:43-51
New International Version
Psalm 78:43-51
New International Version
43 the day he displayed his signs(A) in Egypt,
his wonders(B) in the region of Zoan.
44 He turned their river into blood;(C)
they could not drink from their streams.
45 He sent swarms of flies(D) that devoured them,
and frogs(E) that devastated them.
46 He gave their crops to the grasshopper,(F)
their produce to the locust.(G)
47 He destroyed their vines with hail(H)
and their sycamore-figs with sleet.
48 He gave over their cattle to the hail,
their livestock(I) to bolts of lightning.
49 He unleashed against them his hot anger,(J)
his wrath, indignation and hostility—
a band of destroying angels.(K)
50 He prepared a path for his anger;
he did not spare them from death
but gave them over to the plague.
51 He struck down all the firstborn of Egypt,(L)
the firstfruits of manhood in the tents of Ham.(M)
Psalm 105:27-36
English Standard Version
Psalm 105:27-36
English Standard Version
27 (A)They performed his signs among them
and miracles in (B)the land of Ham.
28 He (C)sent darkness, and made the land dark;
they (D)did not rebel[a] against his words.
29 He turned their waters into blood
and (E)caused their fish to die.
30 Their land swarmed with frogs,
even in (F)the chambers of their kings.
31 He spoke, and there came (G)swarms of flies,
(H)and gnats throughout their country.
32 He gave them hail for rain,
and fiery (I)lightning bolts through their land.
33 He struck down their vines and fig trees,
and (J)shattered the trees of their country.
34 He spoke, and the (K)locusts came,
young locusts without number,
35 which devoured all the vegetation in their land
and ate up the fruit of their ground.
36 He (L)struck down all the firstborn in their land,
(M)the firstfruits of all their strength.
Footnotes
- Psalm 105:28 Septuagint, Syriac omit not
Psalm 105:27-36
New International Version
Psalm 105:27-36
New International Version
27 They performed(A) his signs(B) among them,
his wonders(C) in the land of Ham.
28 He sent darkness(D) and made the land dark—
for had they not rebelled against(E) his words?
29 He turned their waters into blood,(F)
causing their fish to die.(G)
30 Their land teemed with frogs,(H)
which went up into the bedrooms of their rulers.
31 He spoke,(I) and there came swarms of flies,(J)
and gnats(K) throughout their country.
32 He turned their rain into hail,(L)
with lightning throughout their land;
33 he struck down their vines(M) and fig trees(N)
and shattered the trees of their country.
34 He spoke,(O) and the locusts came,(P)
grasshoppers(Q) without number;(R)
35 they ate up every green thing in their land,
ate up the produce of their soil.
36 Then he struck down all the firstborn(S) in their land,
the firstfruits of all their manhood.
English Standard Version (ESV) 
The Holy Bible, English Standard Version. ESV® Text Edition: 2016. Copyright © 2001 by Crossway Bibles, a publishing ministry of Good News Publishers.
New International Version (NIV) 
Holy Bible, New International Version®, NIV® Copyright ©1973, 1978, 1984, 2011 by Biblica, Inc.® Used by permission. All rights reserved worldwide.
NIV Reverse Interlinear Bible: English to Hebrew and English to Greek. Copyright © 2019 by Zondervan.