◀ All Reading Plans / Revised Common Lectionary (Complementary) / Psalm 80 (Israel the vine); Isaiah 5:1-7 (The unfaithful vineyard); Galatians 5:16-26 (The fruits of the Spirit) (New English Translation)

Prev Day

May 3, 2021

Next Day

Use the calendar to view readings from this devotional.

May 2021
Su	Mo	Tu	We	Th	Fr	Sa
						1
2	3	4	5	6	7	8
9	10	11	12	13	14	15
16	17	18	19	20	21	22
23	24	25	26	27	28	29
30	31

Return to today's reading

Revised Common Lectionary (Complementary)

Daily Bible readings that follow the church liturgical year, with thematically matched Old and New Testament readings.

Duration: 1245 days

Psalm 80

Psalm 80^[a]

For the music director, according to the shushan-eduth style;^[b] a psalm of Asaph.

80 O Shepherd of Israel, pay attention,
you who lead Joseph like a flock of sheep.
You who sit enthroned above the cherubim,^[c] reveal your splendor.^[d]
²In the sight of Ephraim, Benjamin, and Manasseh reveal^[e] your power.
Come and deliver us.^[f]
³O God, restore us.
Smile on us.^[g] Then we will be delivered.^[h]
⁴O Lord God of Heaven’s Armies,^[i]
how long will you remain angry at your people while they pray to you?^[j]
⁵You have given them tears as food;^[k]
you have made them drink tears by the measure.^[l]
⁶You have made our neighbors dislike us,^[m]
and our enemies insult us.
⁷O God of Heaven’s Armies,^[n] restore us.
Smile on us.^[o] Then we will be delivered.^[p]
⁸You uprooted a vine^[q] from Egypt;
you drove out nations and transplanted it.
⁹You cleared the ground for it;^[r]
it took root,^[s]
and filled the land.
¹⁰The mountains were covered by its shadow,
the highest cedars^[t] by its branches.
¹¹Its branches reached the Mediterranean Sea,^[u]
and its shoots the Euphrates River.^[v]
¹²Why did you break down its walls,^[w]
so that all who pass by pluck its fruit?^[x]
¹³The wild boars of the forest ruin it;^[y]
the insects^[z] of the field feed on it.
¹⁴O God of Heaven’s Armies,^[aa] come back.
Look down from heaven and take notice.
Take care of this vine,
¹⁵the root^[ab] your right hand planted,
the shoot you made to grow.^[ac]
¹⁶It is burned^[ad] and cut down.
May those who did this die because you are displeased with them.^[ae]
¹⁷May you give support to the one you have chosen,^[af]
to the one whom you raised up for yourself.^[ag]
¹⁸Then we will not turn away from you.
Revive us and we will pray to you.^[ah]
¹⁹O Lord God of Heaven’s Armies,^[ai] restore us.
Smile on us.^[aj] Then we will be delivered.^[ak]

Footnotes

Psalm 80:1 sn Psalm 80. The psalmist laments Israel’s demise and asks the Lord to show favor toward his people, as he did in earlier times.
Psalm 80:1 tn The Hebrew expression shushan-eduth means “lily of the testimony.” It may refer to a particular music style or to a tune title. See the superscription to Ps 60.
Psalm 80:1 sn Cherubim are winged angels. As depicted in the OT, they possess both human and animal (lion, ox, and eagle) characteristics (see Ezek 1:10; 10:14, 21; 41:18). They are pictured as winged creatures (Exod 25:20; 37:9; 1 Kgs 6:24-27; Ezek 10:8, 19) and serve as the very throne of God when the ark of the covenant is in view (Ps 99:1; see Num 7:89; 1 Sam 4:4; 2 Sam 6:2; 2 Kgs 19:15). The picture of the Lord seated on the cherubim suggests they might be used by him as a vehicle, a function they carry out in Ezek 1:22-28 (the “living creatures” mentioned here are identified as cherubim in Ezek 10:20). In Ps 18:10 the image of a cherub serves to personify the wind.
Psalm 80:1 tn Heb “shine forth.”sn Reveal your splendor. The psalmist may allude to Deut 33:2, where God “shines forth” from Sinai and comes to superintend Moses’ blessing of the tribes.
Psalm 80:2 tn Heb “stir up”; “arouse.”
Psalm 80:2 tn Heb “come for our deliverance.”
Psalm 80:3 tn The idiom “cause your face to shine” probably refers to a smile (see Eccl 8:1), which in turn suggests favor and blessing (see Num 6:25; Pss 4:6; 31:16; 44:3; 67:1; 89:15; Dan 9:17).
Psalm 80:3 tn Heb “cause your face to shine in order that we may be delivered.” After the imperative, the cohortative with prefixed vav (ו) indicates purpose/result.
Psalm 80:4 tn Heb “Lord, God, hosts.” One expects the construct form אֱלֹהֵי (ʾelohe) before צְבָאוֹת (ts^evaʾot; “hosts”; see Ps 89:9), but יְהוָה אֱלֹהִים (yehvah ʾelohim) precedes צְבָאוֹת (ts^evaʾot) in Pss 59:5 and 84:8 as well. In this context the term “hosts” has been rendered “Heaven’s Armies.”
Psalm 80:4 tn Heb “How long will you remain angry during the prayer of your people.” Some take the preposition ב (bet) in an adversative sense here (“at/against the prayer of your people”), but the temporal sense is preferable. The psalmist expects persistent prayer to pacify God.
Psalm 80:5 tn Heb “you have fed them the food of tears.”
Psalm 80:5 tn Heb “[by] the third part [of a measure].” The Hebrew term שָׁלִישׁ (shalish, “third part [of a measure]”) occurs only here and in Isa 40:12.
Psalm 80:6 tn Heb “you have made us an object of contention to our neighbors.”
Psalm 80:7 tn Heb “O God, hosts.” One expects the construct form אֱלֹהֵי before צְבָאוֹת (ts^evaʾot, “hosts”; see Ps 89:9), but יְהוָה אֱלֹהִים (yehvah ʾelohim) precedes צְבָאוֹת (ts^evaʾot) in Pss 59:5 and 84:8 as well. See also v. 4 for a similar construction.
Psalm 80:7 tn The idiom “cause your face to shine” probably refers to a smile (see Eccl 8:1), which in turn suggests favor and blessing (see Num 6:25; Pss 4:6; 31:16; 44:3; 67:1; 89:15; Dan 9:17).
Psalm 80:7 tn Heb “cause your face to shine in order that we may be delivered.” After the imperative, the cohortative with prefixed vav (ו) indicates purpose/result.
Psalm 80:8 sn The vine is here a metaphor for Israel (see Ezek 17:6-10; Hos 10:1).
Psalm 80:9 tn Heb “you cleared away before it.”
Psalm 80:9 tn Heb “and it took root [with] its roots.”
Psalm 80:10 tn Heb “cedars of God.” The divine name אֵל (ʾel, “God”) is here used in an idiomatic manner to indicate the superlative.
Psalm 80:11 tn Heb “to [the] sea.” The “sea” refers here to the Mediterranean Sea.
Psalm 80:11 tn Heb “to [the] river.” The “river” is the Euphrates River in Mesopotamia. Israel expanded both to the west and to the east.
Psalm 80:12 sn The protective walls of the metaphorical vineyard are in view here (see Isa 5:5).
Psalm 80:12 tn Heb “pluck it.”
Psalm 80:13 tn The Hebrew verb כִּרְסֵם (kirsem, “to eat away; to ruin”) occurs only here in the OT.
Psalm 80:13 tn The precise referent of the Hebrew word translated “insects,” which occurs only here and in Ps 50:11, is uncertain. Aramaic, Arabic, and Akkadian cognates refer to insects, such as locusts or crickets.
Psalm 80:14 tn Heb “O God, hosts.” One expects the construct form אֱלֹהֵי before צְבָאוֹת (ts^evaʾot, “hosts”; see Ps 89:9), but יְהוָה אֱלֹהִים (yehvah ʾelohim) precedes צְבָאוֹת (ts^evaʾot) in Pss 59:5 and 84:8 as well. See also vv. 4, 7 for a similar construction.
Psalm 80:15 tn The form וְכַנָּה (v^ekhannah, “and a root”) is understood as וְכַנָּהּ (v^ekhannah), taking the ה (he) at the end as the third feminine singular pronominal suffix הּ (he with mappiq is hard “h”) rather than as the noun ending (see HALOT 483 s.v. III כֵּן). Elsewhere the noun refers to a pedestal or base, most often for the wash basin between the tabernacle and the altar. Translations here vary as “root” (NIV), “shoot” (NASB), “stock” (ASV, ESV, RSV), or the contextually driven “vineyard” (KJV).
Psalm 80:15 tn Heb “and upon a son you strengthened for yourself.” In this context, where the extended metaphor of the vine dominates, בֵּן (ben, “son”) probably refers to the shoots that grow from the vine. Cf. Gen 49:22.
Psalm 80:16 tn Heb “burned with fire.”
Psalm 80:16 tn Heb “because of the rebuke of your face they perish.”
Psalm 80:17 tn Heb “may your hand be upon the man of your right hand.” The referent of the otherwise unattested phrase “man of your right hand,” is unclear. It may refer to the nation collectively as a man. (See the note on the word “yourself” in v. 17b.)
Psalm 80:17 tn Heb “upon the son of man you strengthened for yourself.” In its only other use in the Book of Psalms, the phrase “son of man” refers to the human race in general (see Ps 8:4). Here the phrase may refer to the nation collectively as a man. Note the use of the statement “you strengthened for yourself” both here and in v. 15, where the “son” (i.e., the branch of the vine) refers to Israel.
Psalm 80:18 tn Heb “and in your name we will call.”
Psalm 80:19 tn Heb “O Lord, God, hosts.” One expects the construct form אֱלֹהֵי before צְבָאוֹת (ts^evaʾot, “hosts”; see Ps 89:9), but יְהוָה אֱלֹהִים (yehvah ʾelohim) precedes צְבָאוֹת (ts^evaʾot) in Pss 59:5 and 84:8 as well. See also vv. 4, 7, 14 for a similar construction.
Psalm 80:19 tn The idiom “cause your face to shine” probably refers to a smile (see Eccl 8:1), which in turn suggests favor and blessing (see Num 6:25; Pss 4:6; 31:16; 44:3; 67:1; 89:15; Dan 9:17).
Psalm 80:19 tn Heb “cause your face to shine in order that we may be delivered.” After the imperative, the cohortative with prefixed vav (ו) indicates purpose/result.

Isaiah 5:1-7

A Love Song Gone Sour

5 I^[a] will sing to my love—
a song to my lover about his vineyard.^[b]
My love had a vineyard
on a fertile hill.^[c]
²He built a hedge around it,^[d] removed its stones,
and planted a vine.
He built a tower in the middle of it,
and constructed a winepress.
He waited for it to produce edible grapes,
but it produced sour ones instead.^[e]
³So now, residents of Jerusalem,
people^[f] of Judah,
you decide between me and my vineyard!
⁴What more can I do for my vineyard
beyond what I have already done?
When I waited for it to produce edible grapes,
why did it produce sour ones instead?
⁵Now I will inform you
what I am about to do to my vineyard:
I will remove its hedge and turn it into pasture,^[g]
I will break its wall and allow animals to graze there.^[h]
⁶I will make it a wasteland;
no one will prune its vines or hoe its ground,^[i]
and thorns and briers will grow there.
I will order the clouds
not to drop any rain on it.
⁷Indeed,^[j] Israel^[k] is the vineyard of the Lord of Heaven’s Armies,
the people^[l] of Judah are the cultivated place in which he took delight.
He waited for justice, but look what he got—disobedience!^[m]
He waited for fairness, but look what he got—cries for help!^[n]

Footnotes

Isaiah 5:1 tn It is uncertain who is speaking here. Possibly the prophet, taking the role of best man, composes a love song for his friend on the occasion of his wedding. If so, יָדִיד (yadid) should be translated “my friend.” The present translation assumes that Israel is singing to the Lord. The word דוֹד (dod, “lover”) used in the second line is frequently used by the woman in the Song of Solomon to describe her lover.
Isaiah 5:1 sn Israel, viewing herself as the Lord’s lover, refers to herself as his vineyard. The metaphor has sexual connotations, for it pictures her capacity to satisfy his appetite and to produce children. See Song 8:12.
Isaiah 5:1 tn Heb “on a horn, a son of oil.” Apparently קֶרֶן (qeren, “horn”) here refers to the horn-shaped peak of a hill (BDB 902 s.v.) or to a mountain spur, i.e., a ridge that extends laterally from a mountain (HALOT 1145 s.v. קֶרֶן; H. Wildberger, Isaiah, 1:180). The expression “son of oil” pictures this hill as one capable of producing olive trees. Isaiah’s choice of קֶרֶן, a rare word for hill, may have been driven by paronomastic concerns, i.e., because קֶרֶן sounds like כֶּרֶם (kerem, “vineyard”).
Isaiah 5:2 tn Or, “dug it up” (so NIV); KJV “fenced it.’ See HALOT 810 s.v. עזק.
Isaiah 5:2 tn Heb “wild grapes,” i.e., sour ones (also in v. 4).sn At this point the love song turns sour as the Lord himself breaks in and completes the story (see vv. 3-6). In the final line of v. 2 the love song presented to the Lord becomes a judgment speech by the Lord.
Isaiah 5:3 tn Heb “men,” but in a generic sense.
Isaiah 5:5 tn Heb “and it will become [a place for] grazing.” בָּעַר (baʿar, “grazing”) is a homonym of the more often used verb “to burn.”
Isaiah 5:5 tn Heb “and it will become a trampled place” (NASB “trampled ground”).
Isaiah 5:6 tn Heb “it will not be pruned or hoed” (so NASB); ASV and NRSV both similar.
Isaiah 5:7 tn Or “For” (KJV, ASV, NASB, NRSV).
Isaiah 5:7 tn Heb “the house of Israel” (so NASB, NIV, NRSV).
Isaiah 5:7 tn Heb “men,” but in a generic sense.
Isaiah 5:7 tn Heb “but, look, disobedience.” The precise meaning of מִשְׂפָּח (mispakh), which occurs only here in the OT, is uncertain. Some have suggested a meaning “bloodshed.” The term is obviously chosen for its wordplay value; it sounds very much like מִשְׁפָּט (mishpat, “justice”). The sound play draws attention to the point being made; the people have not met the Lord’s expectations.
Isaiah 5:7 tn Heb “but, look, a cry for help.” The verb (“he waited”) does double duty in the parallelism. צְעָקָה (ts^eaʿqah) refers to the cries for help made by the oppressed. It sounds very much like צְדָקָה (ts^edaqah, “fairness”). The sound play draws attention to the point being made; the people have not met the Lord’s expectations.

Galatians 5:16-26

¹⁶But I say, live^[a] by the Spirit and you will not carry out the desires of the flesh.^[b] ¹⁷For the flesh has desires that are opposed to the Spirit, and the Spirit has desires^[c] that are opposed to the flesh, for these are in opposition to^[d] each other, so that you cannot do what you want. ¹⁸But if you are led by the Spirit, you are not under the law. ¹⁹Now the works of the flesh^[e] are obvious:^[f] sexual immorality, impurity, depravity, ²⁰idolatry, sorcery,^[g] hostilities,^[h] strife,^[i] jealousy, outbursts of anger, selfish rivalries, dissensions,^[j] factions, ²¹envying,^[k] murder,^[l] drunkenness, carousing,^[m] and similar things. I am warning you, as I had warned you before: Those who practice such things will not inherit the kingdom of God!

²²But the fruit of the Spirit^[n] is love,^[o] joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness,^[p] ²³gentleness, and^[q] self-control. Against such things there is no law. ²⁴Now those who belong to Christ^[r] have crucified the flesh^[s] with its passions^[t] and desires. ²⁵If we live by the Spirit, let us also behave in accordance with^[u] the Spirit. ²⁶Let us not become conceited,^[v] provoking^[w] one another, being jealous^[x] of one another.

Footnotes

Galatians 5:16 tn Grk “walk” (a common NT idiom for how one conducts one’s life or how one behaves).
Galatians 5:16 tn On the term “flesh” (once in this verse and twice in v. 17) see the note on the same word in Gal 5:13.
Galatians 5:17 tn The words “has desires” do not occur in the Greek text a second time, but are repeated in the translation for clarity.
Galatians 5:17 tn Or “are hostile toward” (L&N 39.1).
Galatians 5:19 tn See the note on the word “flesh” in Gal 5:13.
Galatians 5:19 tn Or “clear,” “evident.”
Galatians 5:20 tn Or “witchcraft.”
Galatians 5:20 tn Or “enmities,” “[acts of] hatred.”
Galatians 5:20 tn Or “discord” (L&N 39.22).
Galatians 5:20 tn Or “discord(s)” (L&N 39.13).
Galatians 5:21 tn This term is plural in Greek (as is “murder” and “carousing”), but for clarity these abstract nouns have been translated as singular.
Galatians 5:21 tc ‡ φόνοι (phonoi, “murders”) is absent in such significant mss as P⁴⁶ א B 33 81 323 945 sa, while the majority of mss (A C D F G Ψ 0122 0278 1175 1241 1505 1739 1881 2464 M lat bo) have the word. Although the pedigree of the mss which lack the term is of the highest degree, homoioteleuton may explain the shorter reading. The preceding word has merely one letter difference, making it quite possible to overlook this term (φθόνοι φόνοι, phthonoi phonoi). At the same time, φθόνου φόνου (phthonou phonou, “envy, murder”) is solidly attested in Rom 1:29, suggesting that scribes were not necessarily prone to dropping “murder” accidentally. A decision is difficult, with a slight preference for phonoi here.
Galatians 5:21 tn Or “revelings,” “orgies” (L&N 88.287).
Galatians 5:22 tn That is, the fruit the Spirit produces.
Galatians 5:22 sn Another way to punctuate this is “love” followed by a colon (love: joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness, and self-control). It is thus possible to read the eight characteristics following “love” as defining love.
Galatians 5:22 tn Or “reliability”; see BDAG 818 s.v. πίστις 1.a.
Galatians 5:23 tn “And” is supplied here as a matter of English style, which normally inserts “and” between the last two elements of a list or series.
Galatians 5:24 tc ‡ Some mss (א A B C P Ψ 0122¹ 0278 33 1175 1241 1739 1881 co) read “Christ Jesus” here, while many significant ones (P⁴⁶ D F G 0122*^,2 1505 2464 latt sy), as well as the Byzantine text, lack “Jesus.” The Byzantine text is especially not prone to omit the name “Jesus”; that it does so here argues for the authenticity of the shorter reading (for similar instances of probably authentic Byzantine shorter readings, see Matt 24:36 and Phil 1:14; cf. also W.-H. J. Wu, “A Systematic Analysis of the Shorter Readings in the Byzantine Text of the Synoptic Gospels” [Ph.D. diss., Dallas Theological Seminary, 2002]). On the strength of the alignment of P⁴⁶ with the Western and Byzantine text-groups, the shorter reading is preferred. NA²⁸ includes the word in brackets, indicating doubts as to its authenticity.
Galatians 5:24 tn See the note on the word “flesh” in Gal 5:13.
Galatians 5:24 tn The Greek term παθήμασιν (pathēmasin, translated “passions”) refers to strong physical desires, especially of a sexual nature (L&N 25.30).
Galatians 5:25 tn Or “let us also follow,” “let us also walk by.”
Galatians 5:26 tn Or “falsely proud.”
Galatians 5:26 tn Or “irritating.” BDAG 871 s.v. προκαλέω has “provoke, challenge τινά someone.”
Galatians 5:26 tn Or “another, envying one another.”

New English Translation (NET)

Prev Day

Top

Next Day

Use the calendar to view readings from this devotional.

Log in to read this devotional and:

Revised Common Lectionary (Complementary)

Psalm 80[a]

For the music director, according to the shushan-eduth style;[b] a psalm of Asaph.

Footnotes

A Love Song Gone Sour

Footnotes

Footnotes

Psalm 80^[a]

For the music director, according to the shushan-eduth style;^[b] a psalm of Asaph.