Historical

In Thessalonica

17 When Paul and his companions had passed through Amphipolis and Apollonia, they came to Thessalonica,^(A) where there was a Jewish synagogue. ² As was his custom, Paul went into the synagogue,^(B) and on three Sabbath^(C) days he reasoned with them from the Scriptures,^{(D) 3} explaining and proving that the Messiah had to suffer^(E) and rise from the dead.^(F) “This Jesus I am proclaiming to you is the Messiah,”^(G) he said. ⁴ Some of the Jews were persuaded and joined Paul and Silas,^(H) as did a large number of God-fearing Greeks and quite a few prominent women.

⁵ But other Jews were jealous; so they rounded up some bad characters from the marketplace, formed a mob and started a riot in the city.^(I) They rushed to Jason’s^(J) house in search of Paul and Silas in order to bring them out to the crowd.^{[a] 6} But when they did not find them, they dragged^(K) Jason and some other believers^(L) before the city officials, shouting: “These men who have caused trouble all over the world^(M) have now come here,^{(N) 7} and Jason has welcomed them into his house. They are all defying Caesar’s decrees, saying that there is another king, one called Jesus.”^{(O) 8} When they heard this, the crowd and the city officials were thrown into turmoil. ⁹ Then they made Jason^(P) and the others post bond and let them go.

In Berea

¹⁰ As soon as it was night, the believers sent Paul and Silas^(Q) away to Berea.^(R) On arriving there, they went to the Jewish synagogue.^{(S) 11} Now the Berean Jews were of more noble character than those in Thessalonica,^(T) for they received the message with great eagerness and examined the Scriptures^(U) every day to see if what Paul said was true.^{(V) 12} As a result, many of them believed, as did also a number of prominent Greek women and many Greek men.^(W)

¹³ But when the Jews in Thessalonica learned that Paul was preaching the word of God at Berea,^(X) some of them went there too, agitating the crowds and stirring them up. ¹⁴ The believers^(Y) immediately sent Paul to the coast, but Silas^(Z) and Timothy^(AA) stayed at Berea. ¹⁵ Those who escorted Paul brought him to Athens^(AB) and then left with instructions for Silas and Timothy to join him as soon as possible.^(AC)

In Athens

¹⁶ While Paul was waiting for them in Athens, he was greatly distressed to see that the city was full of idols. ¹⁷ So he reasoned in the synagogue^(AD) with both Jews and God-fearing Greeks, as well as in the marketplace day by day with those who happened to be there. ¹⁸ A group of Epicurean and Stoic philosophers began to debate with him. Some of them asked, “What is this babbler trying to say?” Others remarked, “He seems to be advocating foreign gods.” They said this because Paul was preaching the good news^(AE) about Jesus and the resurrection.^{(AF) 19} Then they took him and brought him to a meeting of the Areopagus,^(AG) where they said to him, “May we know what this new teaching^(AH) is that you are presenting? ²⁰ You are bringing some strange ideas to our ears, and we would like to know what they mean.” ²¹ (All the Athenians^(AI) and the foreigners who lived there spent their time doing nothing but talking about and listening to the latest ideas.)

²² Paul then stood up in the meeting of the Areopagus^(AJ) and said: “People of Athens! I see that in every way you are very religious.^{(AK) 23} For as I walked around and looked carefully at your objects of worship, I even found an altar with this inscription: to an unknown god. So you are ignorant of the very thing you worship^(AL)—and this is what I am going to proclaim to you.

²⁴ “The God who made the world and everything in it^(AM) is the Lord of heaven and earth^(AN) and does not live in temples built by human hands.^{(AO) 25} And he is not served by human hands, as if he needed anything. Rather, he himself gives everyone life and breath and everything else.^{(AP) 26} From one man he made all the nations, that they should inhabit the whole earth; and he marked out their appointed times in history and the boundaries of their lands.^{(AQ) 27} God did this so that they would seek him and perhaps reach out for him and find him, though he is not far from any one of us.^{(AR) 28} ‘For in him we live and move and have our being.’^[b](AS) As some of your own poets have said, ‘We are his offspring.’^[c]

²⁹ “Therefore since we are God’s offspring, we should not think that the divine being is like gold or silver or stone—an image made by human design and skill.^{(AT) 30} In the past God overlooked^(AU) such ignorance,^(AV) but now he commands all people everywhere to repent.^{(AW) 31} For he has set a day when he will judge^(AX) the world with justice^(AY) by the man he has appointed.^(AZ) He has given proof of this to everyone by raising him from the dead.”^(BA)

³² When they heard about the resurrection of the dead,^(BB) some of them sneered, but others said, “We want to hear you again on this subject.” ³³ At that, Paul left the Council. ³⁴ Some of the people became followers of Paul and believed. Among them was Dionysius, a member of the Areopagus,^(BC) also a woman named Damaris, and a number of others.

In Corinth

18 After this, Paul left Athens^(BD) and went to Corinth.^{(BE) 2} There he met a Jew named Aquila, a native of Pontus, who had recently come from Italy with his wife Priscilla,^(BF) because Claudius^(BG) had ordered all Jews to leave Rome. Paul went to see them, ³ and because he was a tentmaker as they were, he stayed and worked with them.^{(BH) 4} Every Sabbath^(BI) he reasoned in the synagogue,^(BJ) trying to persuade Jews and Greeks.

⁵ When Silas^(BK) and Timothy^(BL) came from Macedonia,^(BM) Paul devoted himself exclusively to preaching, testifying to the Jews that Jesus was the Messiah.^{(BN) 6} But when they opposed Paul and became abusive,^(BO) he shook out his clothes in protest^(BP) and said to them, “Your blood be on your own heads!^(BQ) I am innocent of it.^(BR) From now on I will go to the Gentiles.”^(BS)

⁷ Then Paul left the synagogue and went next door to the house of Titius Justus, a worshiper of God.^{(BT) 8} Crispus,^(BU) the synagogue leader,^(BV) and his entire household^(BW) believed in the Lord; and many of the Corinthians who heard Paul believed and were baptized.

⁹ One night the Lord spoke to Paul in a vision:^(BX) “Do not be afraid;^(BY) keep on speaking, do not be silent. ¹⁰ For I am with you,^(BZ) and no one is going to attack and harm you, because I have many people in this city.” ¹¹ So Paul stayed in Corinth for a year and a half, teaching them the word of God.^(CA)

¹² While Gallio was proconsul^(CB) of Achaia,^(CC) the Jews of Corinth made a united attack on Paul and brought him to the place of judgment. ¹³ “This man,” they charged, “is persuading the people to worship God in ways contrary to the law.”

¹⁴ Just as Paul was about to speak, Gallio said to them, “If you Jews were making a complaint about some misdemeanor or serious crime, it would be reasonable for me to listen to you. ¹⁵ But since it involves questions about words and names and your own law^(CD)—settle the matter yourselves. I will not be a judge of such things.” ¹⁶ So he drove them off. ¹⁷ Then the crowd there turned on Sosthenes^(CE) the synagogue leader^(CF) and beat him in front of the proconsul; and Gallio showed no concern whatever.

Priscilla, Aquila and Apollos

¹⁸ Paul stayed on in Corinth for some time. Then he left the brothers and sisters^(CG) and sailed for Syria,^(CH) accompanied by Priscilla and Aquila.^(CI) Before he sailed, he had his hair cut off at Cenchreae^(CJ) because of a vow he had taken.^{(CK) 19} They arrived at Ephesus,^(CL) where Paul left Priscilla and Aquila. He himself went into the synagogue and reasoned with the Jews. ²⁰ When they asked him to spend more time with them, he declined. ²¹ But as he left, he promised, “I will come back if it is God’s will.”^(CM) Then he set sail from Ephesus. ²² When he landed at Caesarea,^(CN) he went up to Jerusalem and greeted the church and then went down to Antioch.^(CO)

²³ After spending some time in Antioch, Paul set out from there and traveled from place to place throughout the region of Galatia^(CP) and Phrygia,^(CQ) strengthening all the disciples.^(CR)

²⁴ Meanwhile a Jew named Apollos,^(CS) a native of Alexandria, came to Ephesus.^(CT) He was a learned man, with a thorough knowledge of the Scriptures. ²⁵ He had been instructed in the way of the Lord, and he spoke with great fervor^[d](CU) and taught about Jesus accurately, though he knew only the baptism of John.^{(CV) 26} He began to speak boldly in the synagogue. When Priscilla and Aquila^(CW) heard him, they invited him to their home and explained to him the way of God more adequately.

²⁷ When Apollos wanted to go to Achaia,^(CX) the brothers and sisters^(CY) encouraged him and wrote to the disciples there to welcome him. When he arrived, he was a great help to those who by grace had believed. ²⁸ For he vigorously refuted his Jewish opponents in public debate, proving from the Scriptures^(CZ) that Jesus was the Messiah.^(DA)

Paul in Ephesus

19 While Apollos^(DB) was at Corinth,^(DC) Paul took the road through the interior and arrived at Ephesus.^(DD) There he found some disciples ² and asked them, “Did you receive the Holy Spirit^(DE) when^[e] you believed?”

They answered, “No, we have not even heard that there is a Holy Spirit.”

³ So Paul asked, “Then what baptism did you receive?”

“John’s baptism,” they replied.

⁴ Paul said, “John’s baptism^(DF) was a baptism of repentance. He told the people to believe in the one coming after him, that is, in Jesus.”^{(DG) 5} On hearing this, they were baptized in the name of the Lord Jesus.^{(DH) 6} When Paul placed his hands on them,^(DI) the Holy Spirit came on them,^(DJ) and they spoke in tongues^[f](DK) and prophesied. ⁷ There were about twelve men in all.

⁸ Paul entered the synagogue^(DL) and spoke boldly there for three months, arguing persuasively about the kingdom of God.^{(DM) 9} But some of them^(DN) became obstinate; they refused to believe and publicly maligned the Way.^(DO) So Paul left them. He took the disciples^(DP) with him and had discussions daily in the lecture hall of Tyrannus. ¹⁰ This went on for two years,^(DQ) so that all the Jews and Greeks who lived in the province of Asia^(DR) heard the word of the Lord.^(DS)

¹¹ God did extraordinary miracles^(DT) through Paul, ¹² so that even handkerchiefs and aprons that had touched him were taken to the sick, and their illnesses were cured^(DU) and the evil spirits left them.

¹³ Some Jews who went around driving out evil spirits^(DV) tried to invoke the name of the Lord Jesus over those who were demon-possessed. They would say, “In the name of the Jesus^(DW) whom Paul preaches, I command you to come out.” ¹⁴ Seven sons of Sceva, a Jewish chief priest, were doing this. ¹⁵ One day the evil spirit answered them, “Jesus I know, and Paul I know about, but who are you?” ¹⁶ Then the man who had the evil spirit jumped on them and overpowered them all. He gave them such a beating that they ran out of the house naked and bleeding.

¹⁷ When this became known to the Jews and Greeks living in Ephesus,^(DX) they were all seized with fear,^(DY) and the name of the Lord Jesus was held in high honor. ¹⁸ Many of those who believed now came and openly confessed what they had done. ¹⁹ A number who had practiced sorcery brought their scrolls together and burned them publicly. When they calculated the value of the scrolls, the total came to fifty thousand drachmas.^{[g] 20} In this way the word of the Lord^(DZ) spread widely and grew in power.^(EA)

²¹ After all this had happened, Paul decided^[h] to go to Jerusalem,^(EB) passing through Macedonia^(EC) and Achaia.^(ED) “After I have been there,” he said, “I must visit Rome also.”^{(EE) 22} He sent two of his helpers,^(EF) Timothy^(EG) and Erastus,^(EH) to Macedonia, while he stayed in the province of Asia^(EI) a little longer.

The Riot in Ephesus

²³ About that time there arose a great disturbance about the Way.^{(EJ) 24} A silversmith named Demetrius, who made silver shrines of Artemis, brought in a lot of business for the craftsmen there. ²⁵ He called them together, along with the workers in related trades, and said: “You know, my friends, that we receive a good income from this business.^{(EK) 26} And you see and hear how this fellow Paul has convinced and led astray large numbers of people here in Ephesus^(EL) and in practically the whole province of Asia.^(EM) He says that gods made by human hands are no gods at all.^{(EN) 27} There is danger not only that our trade will lose its good name, but also that the temple of the great goddess Artemis will be discredited; and the goddess herself, who is worshiped throughout the province of Asia and the world, will be robbed of her divine majesty.”

²⁸ When they heard this, they were furious and began shouting: “Great is Artemis of the Ephesians!”^{(EO) 29} Soon the whole city was in an uproar. The people seized Gaius^(EP) and Aristarchus,^(EQ) Paul’s traveling companions from Macedonia,^(ER) and all of them rushed into the theater together. ³⁰ Paul wanted to appear before the crowd, but the disciples^(ES) would not let him. ³¹ Even some of the officials of the province, friends of Paul, sent him a message begging him not to venture into the theater.

³² The assembly was in confusion: Some were shouting one thing, some another.^(ET) Most of the people did not even know why they were there. ³³ The Jews in the crowd pushed Alexander to the front, and they shouted instructions to him. He motioned^(EU) for silence in order to make a defense before the people. ³⁴ But when they realized he was a Jew, they all shouted in unison for about two hours: “Great is Artemis of the Ephesians!”^(EV)

³⁵ The city clerk quieted the crowd and said: “Fellow Ephesians,^(EW) doesn’t all the world know that the city of Ephesus is the guardian of the temple of the great Artemis and of her image, which fell from heaven? ³⁶ Therefore, since these facts are undeniable, you ought to calm down and not do anything rash. ³⁷ You have brought these men here, though they have neither robbed temples^(EX) nor blasphemed our goddess. ³⁸ If, then, Demetrius and his fellow craftsmen^(EY) have a grievance against anybody, the courts are open and there are proconsuls.^(EZ) They can press charges. ³⁹ If there is anything further you want to bring up, it must be settled in a legal assembly. ⁴⁰ As it is, we are in danger of being charged with rioting because of what happened today. In that case we would not be able to account for this commotion, since there is no reason for it.” ⁴¹ After he had said this, he dismissed the assembly.