Beginning
1 The ·Lord spoke his word [L word of the Lord that was] to Hosea son of Beeri ·during the time [L in the days] that Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah were kings of Judah and Jeroboam son of Jehoash was king of Israel [C Hosea prophesied about 760–722 bc].
Hosea’s Wife and Children
2 When the Lord began speaking through Hosea, the Lord said to him, “Go, and ·marry [L take for yourself] an ·unfaithful woman [or prostitute; L woman/wife of prostitution/harlotries] and have ·unfaithful children [L children of prostitution/harlotries], because ·the people in this country [L this land] have ·been completely unfaithful to [practiced prostitution/harlotry against] the Lord [C they have been spiritually unfaithful; C Gomer may have been a prostitute or promiscuous woman before the marriage, or only afterward].” 3 So Hosea ·married [L went and took] Gomer daughter of Diblaim, and she ·became pregnant [conceived] and gave birth to Hosea’s son.
4 The Lord said to Hosea, “Name him Jezreel [C Hebrew: “God sows”], because soon I will punish the ·family [L house] of Jehu for the ·people they killed at [L blood of] Jezreel [C Jehu slaughtered the family of king Ahab; 2 Kin. 9:7—10:28]. In ·the future [L that day] I will put an end to the kingdom of [L the house of] Israel 5 and break the ·power of Israel’s army [L bow of Israel] in the Valley of Jezreel.”
6 Gomer ·became pregnant [conceived] again and gave birth to a daughter. The Lord said to Hosea, “Name her Lo-Ruhamah [C Hebrew: “no pity/mercy” or “not loved”], because I will not ·pity [have mercy on; show love to] Israel anymore, nor will I forgive them. 7 But I will show ·pity [mercy; love] to the people of Judah. I will save them, but not by using bows or swords, horses or horsemen, or ·weapons of war [or battle; war]. I, the Lord their God, will save them.”
8 After Gomer had stopped nursing Lo-Ruhamah, she ·became pregnant [conceived] again and gave birth to another son. 9 The Lord said, “Name him Lo-Ammi [C “not my people”], because you are not my people, and I am not your God.
God’s Promise to Israel
10 “But the number of the Israelites will become like the grains of sand of the sea, which no one can measure or count [Gen. 22:17; 32:12]. ·They were called [or Although it was said to them; or In the place where it was said to them], ‘You are not my people,’ but later ·they will be called [it will be said to them] ‘children of the living God.’ 11 The people of Judah and Israel will ·join [come; be gathered] together again and will ·choose [appoint] one leader for themselves. They will come up from the land, because the day of Jezreel [C “God plants/sows,” alluding here to the rebirth of the once desolate nation; see vv. 4–5; 2:22–23] will be truly great.
2 “You are to call your brothers, ‘my people [L Ammi; 1:9],’ and your sisters, ‘you have been shown pity [L Ruhama; 1:6–8].’
God Speaks About Israel
2 “·Plead with [or Rebuke; or Accuse; Bring charges against] your mother [C the nation Israel].
·Plead with [or Rebuke; or Accuse; Bring charges against] her, because she is ·no longer [L not] my wife,
and I am ·no longer [L not] her husband.
Tell her to ·stop acting like a prostitute [or take off her prostitute’s make-up; L set aside her harlotries from her presence/face],
·to stop behaving like an unfaithful wife [L and set aside unfaithfulness from between her breasts].
3 If she refuses, I will strip her naked
and ·leave her bare [expose her] like the day she was born.
I will make her dry like a desert,
like a ·land without water [parched land],
and I will kill her with thirst.
4 I will not ·take pity [have mercy/compassion] on her children,
because they are the children of ·a prostitute [or adultery; harlotry].
5 Their mother has ·acted like a prostitute [been unfaithful; committed adultery];
the one who ·became pregnant with [conceived] them has acted ·disgracefully [shamefully].
She said, ‘I will ·chase [seek; go] after my lovers [C the idol-worshiping nations around Israel],
who give me my ·food [bread] and water,
wool and flax, ·wine [L drinks] and olive oil.’
6 So I will ·block her road [or fence/hedge her in] with thornbushes;
I will ·build a wall around her [wall her in]
so she cannot find her way.
7 She will ·run after [pursue] her lovers,
but she won’t catch them.
She will look for them,
but she won’t find them.
Then she will say, ‘I will go back to my first husband [C God],
because life was better then for me than it is now.’
8 But she does not ·know [acknowledge] that I was the one
who gave her grain, new wine, and oil.
I ·gave her much [lavished on her] silver and gold,
but ·she [L they; C the nation] used it for Baal.
9 “So I will come back and take away my grain ·at harvest time [L in its time]
and my new wine ·when it is ready [L in its season/appointed time].
I will take back my wool and ·linen [flax]
that covered her nakedness.
10 So I will ·show her nakedness [uncover her lewdness/shamelessness] to her lovers,
and no one will ·save [rescue] her from ·me [L my hand].
11 I will put an end to all her ·celebrations [merrymaking]:
her yearly festivals, her New Moon festivals, and her Sabbaths.
I will stop all of her ·special [appointed] feasts.
12 I will destroy her vines and fig trees,
which she said were her pay from her lovers.
I will turn them into a ·forest [overgrown thicket],
and ·wild animals [beasts of the field] will eat them.
13 I will punish her for all the ·times [days; C pagan feast days]
she burned incense to the Baals [C the local gods of the Canaanites worshiped by the Israelites].
She ·put on her [adorned herself with] ·rings [or earrings] and jewelry
and went ·chasing after [out to] her lovers,
but she forgot me!”
says the Lord.
14 “So I am going to ·attract [allure; woo] her;
I will lead her into the ·desert [wilderness; C as in the Exodus, when God rescued Israel from slavery and cared for her; Ex. 12–17]
and speak tenderly to her.
15 There I will give her back her vineyards,
and I will make the Valley of ·Trouble [L Achor; C see Josh. 7:1–26] a door of hope.
There she will ·respond [or sing] as ·when she was young [L in the days of her youth],
as when she came out of Egypt.”
16 The Lord says, “In the future she[a] will call me ‘my husband’;
no longer will she[b] call me ‘my baal [C “baal” can mean “husband,” “master,” or “Baal” (the Canaanite god); in this wordplay, Israel has replaced one husband (the Lord) with another (Baal)].’
17 I will ·never let her say [remove from her lips] the names of Baal again;
people won’t ·use [utter; invoke; or remember] their names anymore.
18 At that time I will make an ·agreement [covenant; treaty] for them
with the ·wild animals [L beasts of the field], the ·birds [L birds of the sky/heavens], and the ·crawling things [T creeping things of the ground].
I will ·smash [shatter; abolish] from the land
the bow and the sword and ·the weapons of war [or war; battle],
so my people will ·live [L lie down] in safety.
19 And I will ·make you my promised bride [L betroth you to me] forever.
I will ·be good and fair [L betroth you in righteousness and justice];
I will show you my ·love [loyalty; unfailing love; lovingkindness] and mercy.
20 I will ·be true to you as my promised bride [L betroth you in faithfulness],
and you will ·know [or acknowledge me as] the Lord.
21 “At that time I will ·speak to you [answer; respond],” says the Lord.
“I will ·speak to [answer; respond to] the ·skies [or heavens],
and they will ·give rain to [L answer; respond to] the earth.
22 The earth will ·produce [L answer/respond with] grain, new wine, and oil;
·much will grow because my people are called [L and they will answer/respond to] Jezreel [C “God plants”; 1:4, 11].
23 I will plant ·my people [L her for myself] in the land,
and I will show pity to the one I had called ‘·not shown pity [L Lo-Ruhamah; 1:6–7].’
I will say, ‘You are my people’
to those I had called ‘·not my people [L Lo-Ammi; 1:9].’
And they will say to me, ‘You are our God.’”
Hosea Redeems His Wife
3 The Lord said to me again, “Go, show your love to a woman [C probably Gomer (1:3), who has since deserted him] ·loved by [or who loves] someone else, who ·has been unfaithful to you [is committing adultery]. In the same way the Lord loves the ·people [L sons; T children] of Israel, even though they ·worship [turn to] other gods and love to eat the raisin cakes [C food eaten at pagan temples].”
2 So I bought her for six ·ounces of silver [shekels] and ·ten bushels [L a homer and a lethek; C a homer was 5–6 bushels; a lethek was about half that] of barley. 3 Then I told her, “You must ·wait for [or live with] me for many days. You must not be a prostitute, and you must not have sexual relations with any other man. I will act the same way toward you.”
4 In the same way the ·people [L sons; T children] of Israel will live many days without a king or ·leader [prince], without sacrifices or holy stone pillars [C used in pagan worship; 2 Kin. 3:2; 10:26–28; 17:10], and without ·the holy vest [ephod; Ex. 28:6–14; Judg. 8:27] or ·an idol [household idols; L teraphim; Gen. 31:19]. 5 After this, the people of Israel will return and ·follow [seek] the Lord their God and ·the king from David’s family [L David their king; C an heir from David’s line]. In the last days they will ·turn in fear [come in reverence/awe] to the Lord, and he will bless them.
The Lord’s Word Against Israel
4 ·People [L Sons; T Children] of Israel, ·listen to the Lord’s message [hear the word of the Lord].
The Lord has a ·charge [case; lawsuit; or dispute] to bring
against you who live in the land:
“·The people are not true, not loyal to God [L There is no truth/faithfulness, there is no mercy/lovingkindness],
nor do those who live in the land even know him [there is no knowledge of God in the land].
2 [L There is only] Cursing, lying, ·killing [murder], stealing and adultery are everywhere.
·One murder follows another [L They break out and blood touches blood].
3 Because of this the land ·dries up [or mourns],
and all its ·people [inhabitants] ·are dying [languish; waste away].
Even the ·wild animals [L beasts of the field] and the birds of the air
and the fish of the sea are ·dying [gathered; taken/swept away].
God’s Case Against the Priests
4 “·No one should [Let no one] ·accuse [bring a charge]
or ·blame [contend against] another person.
·Don’t blame the people, you priests,
when they quarrel with you [or For my case is against you, the priests].
5 You will ·be ruined [stumble] in the day,
and your prophets will ·be ruined [stumble] with you in the night.
I will also destroy your mother [C Israel].
6 My people ·will be [or are being] destroyed,
because they ·have no [lack] knowledge.
You have ·refused to learn [rejected knowledge; or failed to acknowledge me],
so I will ·refuse to let you be [reject you as] priests to me.
You have forgotten the ·teachings [law; C Hebrew: Torah] of your God,
so I will forget your children.
7 The more priests ·there are [increase],
the more they sin against me.
·I will take away their honor
and give them shame
[or They have exchanged the glory of God
for the shamefulness (of idols); Rom. 1:23].
8 Since the priests ·live off [L eat; feed on] the ·sin offerings [or sin] of the people,
they ·want the people to sin more and more [relish/long for their iniquity].
9 ·The priests are as wrong as the people [L And it will be: like people, like priest],
and I will punish them both for ·what they have done [their ways].
I will repay them for the ·wrong [L acts; deeds] they have done.
10 “They will eat
but not have enough;
they will ·have sexual relations with the prostitutes [or behave like prostitutes],
but they will not ·have children [or gain anything; L multiply; increase],
because they have ·left [deserted; abandoned] the Lord
to give themselves to 11 ·prostitution [immorality],
to old and new wine,
which take away ·their ability to understand [L the heart].
God’s Case Against the People
12 “My people ask wooden idols for ·advice [counsel];
they ask ·those sticks of wood [or divining rods/staffs] to advise them!
·Like prostitutes, they have chased after other gods [L A spirit/wind of prostitution leads/blows them astray]
·and have left [committing adultery against; being unfaithful to] their own God.
13 They make sacrifices on the tops of the mountains [C places of pagan worship].
They burn offerings on the hills,
under oaks, poplars, and ·other trees [terebinths],
because their shade is ·nice [pleasant].
So your daughters become prostitutes [C cultic prostitutes in pagan temples],
and your daughters-in-law are guilty of adultery.
14 “But I will not punish your daughters
for becoming prostitutes,
nor your daughters-in-law
for their sins of adultery.
I will not punish them,
because the men ·have sexual relations [go off] with prostitutes
and offer sacrifices with the ·temple [cult; shrine] prostitutes.
A ·foolish people [people without knowledge/discernment] will be ·ruined [destroyed].
15 “Israel, you ·act like a prostitute [or commit adultery],
but do not let Judah be guilty toward the Lord.
Don’t go to Gilgal [C a city where false worship was taking place]
or go up to Beth Aven [C “house of wickedness,” a derogatory name for Bethel, “house of God”].
Don’t ·make promises [swear],
saying, ‘As surely as the Lord lives…’
16 The people of Israel are stubborn
like a stubborn ·young cow [heifer].
·Now the Lord will [or Should the Lord now…?] feed them
like lambs in ·the open country [a broad meadow].
17 ·The Israelites [L Ephraim; C the leading tribe of the northern kingdom of Israel] ·have chosen to worship [L is joined to] idols,
so leave ·them [L him] alone.
18 When they finish their drinking,
they ·completely [or constantly] ·give themselves to being prostitutes [engage in prostitution; or go off with prostitutes];
·they [or their rulers; L their shields] love these ·disgraceful [shameful] ways.
19 They will be ·swept away as if by [wrapped up in] a whirlwind,
and their sacrifices will bring them only shame.
God’s Word Against the Leaders
5 “·Listen [Hear this], you priests.
Pay attention, ·people [L house] of Israel.
Listen, ·royal family [L house of the king],
because you will all be judged.
You have been like a ·trap [snare] at Mizpah
and like a net spread out at Mount Tabor [C hunting places in Israel].
2 ·You have done many evil things [L The rebels are deep into slaughter; or You have dug a deep pit at Shittim/Acacia],
so I will ·punish [discipline] you all.
3 I know all about Ephraim [C Israel; 4:17];
what Israel has done is not hidden from me.
Now Ephraim acts like a prostitute,
and Israel has ·made itself unclean [L defiled himself].
4 “·They will not give up their deeds
and [or Their deeds won’t let them] return to their God.
·They are determined to be unfaithful to me [L For a spirit of prostitution is within them];
they do not know the Lord.
5 Israel’s ·pride [arrogance] testifies against them.
·The people of Israel [L Israel and Ephraim; 4:17] will stumble because of their ·sin [iniquity],
and ·the people of Judah [L Judah] will stumble with them.
6 They will come to ·worship [L seek] the Lord,
bringing their flocks and herds,
but they will not be able to find him,
because he has ·left [withdrawn from] them.
7 They have ·not been true to [been unfaithful to; dealt treacherously with] the Lord;
they ·are children who do not belong to him [or bear illegitimate/alien children].
So ·their false worship [L a new moon; C a festival]
will ·destroy [L devour] them and their ·land [wealth; portion].
8 “Blow the ·horn [trumpet; ram’s horn] in Gibeah
and the trumpet in Ramah [C used to sound a warning or call to battle].
·Give the warning [Sound the alarm; Raise the battle cry] at Beth Aven [4:15],
·and be first into battle [or lead on; or we are with you], ·people of Benjamin [L Benjamin].
9 ·Israel [L Ephraim; 4:17] will be ·ruined [laid waste; desolate]
on the day of ·punishment [rebuke; reckoning].
To the tribes of Israel
I ·tell the truth [L make known what is certain].
10 The ·leaders [princes] of Judah are like those
who ·steal other people’s land [L move boundary markers; C a serious crime in the ancient world; Deut. 19:14; 27:17; Prov. 15:25].
I will pour my ·punishment over [wrath on] them
like ·a flood of water [L water].
11 ·Israel [L Ephraim; 4:17] is ·beaten down [oppressed] and crushed by the ·punishment [judgment],
because it ·decided [was determined] to follow ·idols [or worthless things; or human precepts].
12 I am like a moth to ·Israel [L Ephraim; 4:17],
like ·a rot [wood rot; decay] to the ·people [L house] of Judah.
13 “When ·Israel [L Ephraim; 4:17] saw its illness
and Judah saw its ·wounds [or sores],
·Israel [L Ephraim] went to Assyria for help
and sent to the great ·king of Assyria [L king].
But he cannot heal you
or cure your wounds.
14 I will be like a lion to ·Israel [L Ephraim; 4:17],
like a young lion to ·Judah [L the house of Judah].
·I will attack them
and tear them to pieces [L I, even I, will tear them and go away].
I will drag them off,
and no one will be able to ·save [rescue] them.
15 Then I will go back to my ·place [lair; dwelling place]
until they ·suffer for [or admit] their guilt and ·turn back to me [L seek my face].
In their ·trouble [distress; affliction] they will look for me.”
The People Are Not Faithful
6 “Come, let’s ·go back [return] to the Lord.
He has ·hurt us [torn us to pieces], but he will heal us.
He has wounded us, but he will ·bandage [bind up] our wounds.
2 ·In [After] two days he will ·put new life in [revive; restore] us;
on the third day he will raise us up [C in a short time]
so that we may live in his presence 3 and know him.
Let’s ·try [press on] to ·learn about [know] the Lord;
he will come to us as surely as the dawn comes.
He will come to us ·like rain [or as sure as the winter rains come],
like the ·spring [latter] rain that waters the ·ground [earth].”
4 The Lord says, “·Israel [L Ephraim; 4:17], what should I do with you?
Judah, what should I do with you?
Your faithfulness is like a morning mist,
like the dew that goes away early in the day.
5 I have ·warned you [L cut you into pieces; hewn you] by my prophets
that I will kill you with ·my words [L the words of my mouth].
My ·justice [judgment] comes out like ·bright light [or the morning dawn].
6 I ·want [desire; delight in] ·faithful love [mercy; lovingkindness]
·more than I want animal sacrifices [L and not sacrifice].
I want ·people to know me [the knowledge of God]
more than I want burnt offerings [Lev. 1:1–17].
7 But they ·have broken [transgressed] the ·agreement [covenant] as ·Adam did [or human beings did; or they did at Adamah; Josh. 3:16];
they have ·been unfaithful to [dealt treacherously with] me.
8 Gilead is a city of ·people who do evil [sinners; evildoers];
·their footprints are bloody [tracked with bloody footprints].
9 The ·priests [L company of priests] are like robbers ·waiting [lying in ambush] to attack people;
they murder people on the road to Shechem [C a city of refuge for someone who committed involuntary manslaughter; Josh. 20:7; 21:21; 1 Chr. 6:67]
and do wicked things.
10 I have seen horrible things in ·Israel [or the temple of Israel; L the house of Israel].
Look at ·Israel’s [L Ephraim’s; 4:17] prostitution;
Israel has become ·unclean [defiled].
11 “Judah, I have ·set [appointed] a harvest time for you
when I will ·make the lives of my people good again [restore the fortunes of my people; or return my people from captivity].
7 When I heal Israel,
Israel’s sin will ·go away [or be revealed/exposed],
and so will Samaria’s evil.
“They ·cheat a lot [practice deceit; commit fraud]!
Thieves ·break into houses [L come in],
and ·robbers [gangs] ·are in the streets [raid/pillage outside].
2 ·It never enters their minds [L They never say in their hearts]
that I remember all their evil deeds.
The bad things they do ·are all around [engulf; surround] them;
they are ·right in front of me [always before my face].
Israel’s Evil Kings
3 “They make the king happy with their wickedness;
their ·rulers [princes] are glad with their lies.
4 But all of them are ·traitors [L adulterers].
They are like an oven heated by a baker.
·While he mixes the dough [L From the kneading of the dough until it is leavened],
he does not need to stir up the fire.
5 The kings get so drunk they get sick ·every day [or on the festival day; L on the day].
The ·rulers [princes] become ·crazy [inflamed] with wine;
they ·make agreements [conspire; L stretch out their hands] with ·those who do not know the true God [mockers; scoffers].
6 Their hearts burn like an oven;
as they plot [C an assassination] against him.
All night long their anger ·is low [smolders],
but when morning comes, it becomes a roaring fire.
7 All ·these people [L of them] are as hot as an oven;
they ·burn up [consume; devour] their rulers.
All their kings fall,
and no one calls on me.
Israel and the Other Nations
8 “·Israel [L Ephraim; 4:17] mixes with other nations;
he is like a ·pancake [cake; flat loaf] ·cooked only on one side [or burned on one side; L not turned].
9 ·Foreign nations [Strangers; Foreigners] have ·eaten up [devoured; sapped] his strength,
but he doesn’t know it.
·Israel is weak and feeble, like an old man [L Grey hair is scattered on him],
but he doesn’t know it.
10 Israel’s ·pride [arrogance] ·will cause their defeat [or testifies against him; L answers in his face];
they will not ·turn back [return] to the Lord their God
or ·look to him for help [L seek him] in all this.
11 Israel has become like a ·pigeon [dove]—
·easy to fool [silly] and ·stupid [senseless].
First they call to Egypt for help.
Then they ·run [turn; go] to Assyria.
12 When they go, I will ·catch them in a net [throw my net over them],
I will bring them down like birds from the sky;
I will ·punish [discipline] them ·countless times for their evil [or when I hear them flocking together; or according to the report given to the congregation].
13 ·How terrible for [L Woe to] them because they ·left [fled/strayed from] me!
They will be destroyed, because they ·turned [rebelled] against me.
I want to ·save [redeem] them,
but they have spoken lies against me.
14 They do not ·call [cry out] to me from their hearts.
They just lie on their beds and ·cry [wail].
They ·come together [assemble themselves; or gash/slash themselves; C a ritual practiced by pagan Canaanite priests (Deut. 14:1; 1 Kin. 18:28; Jer. 16:6)] to ask for grain and new wine,
but they really ·turn away from [rebel against] me.
15 Though I trained them and ·gave them strength [L strengthened their arms],
they have ·made evil plans [plotted evil] against me.
16 They ·did not turn to [or turn, but not to] the Most High God.
They are like a ·loose bow that can’t shoot [faulty bow].
Because ·their leaders brag about their strength [of their indignant/insolent tongue],
they will ·be killed with swords [fall by the sword],
and the people in Egypt
will ·laugh at [ridicule; deride] them.
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