Judges 6:11-24
New English Translation
Gideon Meets Some Visitors
11 The angel of the Lord[a] came and sat down under the oak tree in Ophrah owned by Joash the Abiezrite. He arrived while Joash’s son Gideon[b] was threshing[c] wheat in a winepress[d] so he could hide it from the Midianites.[e] 12 The angel of the Lord appeared and said to him, “The Lord is with you, courageous warrior!” 13 Gideon said to him, “Pardon me,[f] but if the Lord is with us, why has such disaster[g] overtaken us? Where are all his miraculous deeds our ancestors told us about? They said,[h] ‘Did the Lord not bring us up from Egypt?’ But now the Lord has abandoned us and handed us over to Midian.” 14 Then the Lord himself[i] turned to him and said, “You have the strength.[j] Deliver Israel from the power of the Midianites![k] Have I not sent you?” 15 Gideon[l] said to him, “But Lord,[m] how[n] can I deliver Israel? Just look! My clan is the weakest in Manasseh, and I am the youngest in my family.”[o] 16 The Lord said to him, “Ah, but[p] I will be with you! You will strike down the whole Midianite army.”[q] 17 Gideon[r] said to him, “If you really are pleased with me,[s] then give me[t] a sign as proof that it is really you speaking with me. 18 Do not leave this place until I come back[u] with a gift[v] and present it to you.” The Lord said, “I will stay here until you come back.”
19 Gideon went and prepared a young goat,[w] along with unleavened bread made from an ephah of flour. He put the meat in a basket and the broth in a pot. He brought the food[x] to him under the oak tree and presented it to him. 20 God’s angel said to him, “Put the meat and unleavened bread on this rock,[y] and pour out the broth.” Gideon did as instructed.[z] 21 The angel of the Lord touched the meat and the unleavened bread with the tip of his staff.[aa] Fire flared up from the rock and consumed the meat and unleavened bread. The angel of the Lord then disappeared.[ab]
22 When Gideon realized[ac] that it was the angel of the Lord, he[ad] said, “Oh no![ae] Sovereign Lord![af] I have seen the angel of the Lord face-to-face!” 23 The Lord said to him, “You are safe![ag] Do not be afraid. You are not going to die!” 24 Gideon built an altar for the Lord there, and named it “The Lord is on friendly terms with me.”[ah] To this day it is still there in Ophrah of the Abiezrites.
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- Judges 6:11 sn The angel of the Lord is also mentioned in Judg 2:1.
- Judges 6:11 tn Heb “Now Gideon his son….” The Hebrew circumstantial clause (note the pattern vav [ו] + subject + predicate) breaks the narrative sequence and indicates that the angel’s arrival coincided with Gideon’s threshing.
- Judges 6:11 tn Heb “beating out.”
- Judges 6:11 sn Threshing wheat in a winepress. One would normally thresh wheat at the threshing floor outside the city. Animals and a threshing sledge would be employed. Because of the Midianite threat, Gideon was forced to thresh with a stick in a winepress inside the city. For further discussion see O. Borowski, Agriculture in Iron Age Israel, 63.
- Judges 6:11 tn Heb “Midian.”
- Judges 6:13 tn Heb “But my lord.”
- Judges 6:13 tn Heb “all this.”
- Judges 6:13 tn Heb “saying.”
- Judges 6:14 tc The LXX reads “the angel of the Lord” here and in v. 16. The translation follows the MT and adds “himself” to draw attention to the change. sn Some interpreters equate the Lord and the messenger in this story. Since the messenger represents the Lord, perhaps when the Lord is mentioned in vv. 14 and 16 it means so indirectly, while Gideon’s direct encounter is with the angel. Indicators that the Lord and the angel of the Lord are distinct include: 1) the Hebrew text says only “Lord” in vv. 14 and 16; 2) in verse 16 the speaker in the Hebrew text says “I will be with you” referring to the Lord (but see the note at v. 16); 3) Gideon addresses the angel as אֲדֹנִי (ʾadoni, “my lord”) but the Lord as אֲדֹנָי (ʾadonay, “my Lord”); 4) in vv. 22-23 the Lord and Gideon continue to carry on a conversation after the messenger has vanished (v. 21). On the other hand, if the Lord was present, appearing visibly in human form (called a theophany), as implied by “turning” [his head] to Gideon, why would Gideon not be more fearful at the end of the story for having seen God rather than his angel? The story could be pictured as an exchange with the angel followed by calling out to the Lord in prayer. The translation assumes that the angel and the Lord are distinct in the conversation, but the matter is difficult.
- Judges 6:14 tn Heb “Go in this strength of yours.”
- Judges 6:14 tn Heb “the hand of Midian.”
- Judges 6:15 tn Heb “he”; the referent (Gideon) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
- Judges 6:15 tn Note the switch to אֲדֹנָי (ʾadonay, “Lord”). Gideon seems aware that he is speaking to someone other than, and superior to, the messenger, whom he addressed as אֲדֹנִי (ʾadoni, “my lord”) in v. 13.
- Judges 6:15 tn Heb “with what.”
- Judges 6:15 tn Heb “in my father’s house.”
- Judges 6:16 tn Or “certainly.”
- Judges 6:16 tn Heb “You will strike down Midian as one man.” The idiom “as one man” emphasizes the collective unity of a group (see Judg 20:8, 11). Here it may carry the force, “as if they were just one man.”
- Judges 6:17 tn Heb “he”; the referent (Gideon) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
- Judges 6:17 tn Heb “If I have found favor in your eyes.”
- Judges 6:17 tn Heb “perform for me.”
- Judges 6:18 tn The Hebrew text adds “to you,” but this has not been included in the translation for stylistic reasons.
- Judges 6:18 tn Heb “and I will bring out my gift.” The precise nuance of the Hebrew word מִנְחָה (minkhah, “gift”) is uncertain in this context. It may refer to a gift offered as a sign of goodwill or submission. In some cases it is used of a gift offered to appease someone whom the offerer has offended. The word can also carry a sacrificial connotation.
- Judges 6:19 tn Heb “a kid from among the goats.”
- Judges 6:19 tn The words “the food” are not in the Hebrew text (an implied direct object). They are supplied in the translation for clarification and for stylistic reasons.
- Judges 6:20 tn Heb “Take the meat…and put [it] on this rock.”
- Judges 6:20 tn Heb “and he did so.”
- Judges 6:21 tn Heb “extended the tip of the staff which was in his hand and touched the meat and unleavened bread.”
- Judges 6:21 tn Heb “went from his eyes.”
- Judges 6:22 tn Heb “saw.”
- Judges 6:22 tn Heb “Gideon.” The proper name has been replaced by the pronoun (“he”) in the translation for stylistic reasons.
- Judges 6:22 tn Or “Ah!”
- Judges 6:22 tn The Hebrew text reads אֲדֹנַי יְהוִה (ʾadonay yehvih, “Lord [the same title used in v. 15], Lord”).
- Judges 6:23 tn Heb “Peace to you.” For a similar use of this idiom to introduce a reassuring word, see Gen 43:23.
- Judges 6:24 tn Heb “The Lord is peace.” Gideon’s name for the altar plays on the Lord’s reassuring words to him, “Peace to you.”
Judges 6:11-24
Expanded Bible
The Angel of the Lord Visits Gideon
11 The angel of the Lord [C angelic spokesperson for God, sometimes identified with the Lord himself; 2:1; Gen. 16:7; Ex. 14:19; 23:20] came and sat down under the oak tree at Ophrah that belonged to Joash, ·one of the Abiezrite people [L the Abiezrite]. Gideon, Joash’s son, was ·separating some wheat from the chaff [threshing/L beating out wheat] in a winepress to keep the wheat from the Midianites [C in a pit hidden from sight]. 12 The angel of the Lord appeared to Gideon and said, “The Lord is with you, ·mighty [courageous] warrior!”
13 Then Gideon said, “·Sir [My lord], if the Lord is with us, why ·are we having so much trouble [L has all this happened to us]? Where are the ·miracles [wonderful deeds] our ancestors told us about? They said, “Didn’t the Lord bring us up out of Egypt? But now the Lord has ·left [abandoned] us and has ·handed us over to the Midianites [L given us into the hand of Midian].”
14 The Lord turned to Gideon and said, “Go with your strength and ·save [rescue; T deliver] Israel from the ·Midianites [L hand of Midian]. ·I am the one who is sending you. [L Am I not sending you?]”
15 But Gideon answered, “Lord, how can I ·save [rescue; T deliver] Israel? My ·family group [clan] is the weakest in Manasseh, and I am the ·least important [or youngest] member of my family.”
16 The Lord answered him, “I will be with you. ·It will seem as if the Midianites you are fighting are only one man [or You will strike down the whole Midian army; L You will strike/defeat Midian as one man].”
17 Then Gideon said to the Lord, “If ·you are pleased with me [L I have found favor in your eyes], give me ·proof [a sign] that it is really you talking with me. 18 Please ·wait here [L do not leave] until I come back to you. Let me bring my offering and set it in front of you.”
And the Lord said, “I will ·wait [stay] until you return.”
19 So Gideon went in and ·cooked [prepared] a young goat, and with ·twenty quarts [L an ephah] of flour, made ·bread without yeast [unleavened bread]. Then he put the meat into a basket and the broth into a pot. He brought them out and ·gave [presented; offered] them to ·the angel [L him] under the oak tree.
20 The angel of God [6:11] said to Gideon, “Put the meat and the ·bread without yeast [unleavened bread] on that rock over there. Then pour the broth on them.” And Gideon did as he was told. 21 The angel of the Lord touched the meat and the bread with the end of ·the stick that was in his hand [L his staff]. Then fire jumped up from the rock and completely burned up the meat and the bread! And the angel of the Lord disappeared! 22 Then Gideon ·understood [realized; saw] he had been talking to the angel of the Lord. So Gideon cried out, “[Oh no; Alas; L Aha] ·Lord God [Sovereign Lord]! I have seen the angel of the Lord face to face!”
23 But the Lord said to Gideon, “·Calm down [L Peace to you]! Don’t be afraid! You will not die!”
24 So Gideon built an altar there to the Lord and named it The Lord Is Peace. ·It still [L To this day it] stands at Ophrah, ·where the Abiezrites live [L of the Abiezrite].
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