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26 For this reason God gave them over to dishonorable passions. For their women exchanged the natural sexual relations for unnatural ones,[a] 27 and likewise the men also abandoned natural relations with women[b] and were inflamed in their passions[c] for one another. Men[d] committed shameless acts with men and received in themselves the due penalty for their error.

28 And just as they did not see fit to acknowledge God,[e] God gave them over to a depraved mind, to do what should not be done.[f] 29 They are filled[g] with every kind of unrighteousness, wickedness, covetousness, malice. They are rife with[h] envy, murder, strife, deceit, hostility. They are gossips, 30 slanderers, haters of God, insolent, arrogant, boastful, contrivers of all sorts of evil, disobedient to parents, 31 senseless, covenant-breakers,[i] heartless, ruthless. 32 Although they fully know[j] God’s righteous decree that those who practice such things deserve to die,[k] they not only do them but also approve of those who practice them.[l]

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Footnotes

  1. Romans 1:26 tn Grk “for their females exchanged the natural function for that which is contrary to nature.” The term χρῆσις (chrēsis) has the force of “sexual relations” here (L&N 23.65).
  2. Romans 1:27 tn Grk “likewise so also the males abandoning the natural function of the female.”
  3. Romans 1:27 tn Grk “burned with intense desire” (L&N 25.16).
  4. Romans 1:27 tn Grk “another, men committing…and receiving,” continuing the description of their deeds. Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation.
  5. Romans 1:28 tn Grk “and just as they did not approve to have God in knowledge.”
  6. Romans 1:28 tn Grk “the things that are improper.”
  7. Romans 1:29 tn Grk “being filled” or “having been filled,” referring to those described in v. 28. Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation.
  8. Romans 1:29 tn Grk “malice, full of,” continuing the description. Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation.
  9. Romans 1:31 tn Or “promise-breakers.”
  10. Romans 1:32 tn Grk “who, knowing…, not only do them but also approve…” Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation.
  11. Romans 1:32 tn Grk “are worthy of death.”
  12. Romans 1:32 sn “Vice lists” like vv. 28-32 can be found elsewhere in the NT in Matt 15:19; Gal 5:19-21; 1 Tim 1:9-10; and 1 Pet 4:3. An example from the intertestamental period can be found in Wis 14:25-26.