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Deus e o seu povo

O que eu digo é verdade. Sou de Cristo e não minto; pois a minha consciência, que é controlada pelo Espírito Santo, também me afirma que não estou mentindo. Sinto uma grande tristeza e uma dor sem fim no coração por causa do meu povo, que é minha raça e meu sangue. Para o bem desse povo, eu mesmo poderia desejar receber a maldição de Deus e ficar separado de Cristo. Eles são o povo escolhido por Deus; ele os tornou seus filhos e repartiu a sua glória com eles. Deus fez suas alianças com eles e lhes deu a lei, a verdadeira maneira de adorar e as promessas. Eles são descendentes dos patriarcas; e, como ser humano, Cristo pertence à raça deles. Que Cristo, que é o Deus que governa todos, seja louvado para sempre! Amém!

Eu não estou dizendo que a promessa de Deus tenha falhado. De fato, nem todos os israelitas fazem parte do povo de Deus. Nem todos os descendentes de Abraão são filhos de Deus. Pois Deus disse a Abraão: “Por meio de Isaque é que você terá os descendentes que eu lhe prometi.” Isso quer dizer que os que são considerados como os verdadeiros descendentes de Abraão são aqueles que nasceram como resultado da promessa de Deus, e não os que nasceram de modo natural. Pois, quando fez a promessa, Deus disse a Abraão o seguinte: “No tempo certo eu voltarei, e Sara, sua mulher, terá um filho.”

10 E mais ainda: os dois filhos de Rebeca tinham o mesmo pai, o nosso antepassado Isaque. 11-12 Mas, para que a escolha de um deles fosse completamente de acordo com o plano de Deus, o próprio Deus disse a Rebeca: “O mais velho será dominado pelo mais moço.” Disse isso antes de eles nascerem e antes de fazerem qualquer coisa, boa ou má. Assim ficou confirmado que é de acordo com o seu plano que Deus escolhe aqueles que ele quer chamar, sem levar em conta o que eles tenham feito. 13 Como dizem as Escrituras Sagradas: “Eu escolhi Jacó, mas rejeitei Esaú.”

14 O que vamos dizer, então? Que Deus é injusto? De modo nenhum! 15 Pois ele disse a Moisés: “Terei misericórdia de quem eu quiser; terei pena de quem eu desejar.” 16 Portanto, tudo isso depende não do que as pessoas querem ou fazem, mas somente da misericórdia de Deus. 17 Porque, como está escrito nas Escrituras Sagradas, Deus disse a Faraó: “Foi para isto mesmo que eu pus você como rei, para mostrar o meu poder e fazer com que o meu nome seja conhecido no mundo inteiro.” 18 Portanto, Deus tem misericórdia de quem ele quer e endurece o coração de quem ele quer.

A ira e a misericórdia de Deus

19 Algum de vocês vai me dizer: “Se é assim, como é que Deus pode encontrar culpa nas pessoas? Quem pode ir contra a vontade de Deus?” 20 Mas quem é você, meu amigo, para discutir com Deus? Será que um pote de barro pode perguntar a quem o fez: “Por que você me fez assim?” 21 Pois o homem que faz o pote tem o direito de usar o barro como quer. Do mesmo barro ele pode fazer dois potes: um pote para uso especial e outro para uso comum.

22 E foi isso o que Deus fez. Ele quis mostrar a sua ira e tornar bem-conhecido o seu poder. Assim suportou com muita paciência os que mereciam o castigo e que iam ser destruídos. 23 Ele quis também mostrar como é grande a sua glória, que ele derramou sobre nós, que somos aqueles de quem ele teve pena e a quem ele já havia preparado para receberem a sua glória. 24 Pois nós somos aqueles que Deus chamou, não somente os que são judeus, mas também os não judeus. 25 Isso é o que ele diz no Livro de Oseias:

“Aqueles que não eram meu povo
    eu chamarei de ‘meu Povo’.
A nação que eu não amava
    chamarei de ‘minha Amada’.
26 E no mesmo lugar onde foi dito:
    ‘Vocês não são o meu povo’,
ali eles serão chamados de
    ‘os filhos do Deus vivo’.”

27 E Isaías disse a respeito de Israel:

“Mesmo que o povo de Israel
    seja tão numeroso
como os grãos de areia da praia do mar,
somente alguns deles serão salvos.
28 Pois o Senhor julgará logo e de uma vez
    o mundo inteiro.”

29 Como o próprio Isaías tinha dito antes:

“Se o Senhor Todo-Poderoso
    não nos tivesse deixado
    alguns descendentes,
seríamos agora
    como a cidade de Sodoma,
estaríamos destruídos
    como Gomorra.”

O povo de Israel e o evangelho

30 O que vamos dizer, então? Vamos dizer isto: os não judeus, que não procuravam ser aceitos por Deus, foram aceitos por meio da fé. 31 Porém o povo de Israel, que procurava uma lei para ser aceito por Deus, não encontrou o que estava procurando. 32 E por que não? Porque eles procuravam alcançar isso por meio das suas ações e não por meio da fé. Eles tropeçaram na “pedra de tropeço”, 33 como dizem as Escrituras Sagradas:

“Vejam! Estou colocando em Sião
    uma pedra em que eles vão tropeçar,
a rocha que vai fazê-los cair.
Mas quem crer nela
    não ficará desiludido.”

上帝的選民

我在基督裡說真話,絕無謊言。我被聖靈感動的良心可以作證, 我心裡極為憂愁,痛苦不止! 為了我的弟兄——我的同胞以色列人,即使我自己被咒詛、與基督隔絕,我也願意! 身為以色列人,他們擁有上帝兒子的名分、上帝的榮耀、諸約、律法、聖殿敬拜和各種應許。 蒙揀選的族長是他們的先祖,基督降世為人也是做以色列人。祂是至大至尊,永遠當受稱頌的上帝。阿們!

當然,這並不表示上帝的話落了空,因為從以色列生的,不一定都是以色列人, 亞伯拉罕的後裔不一定都是亞伯拉罕的兒女,聖經上說:「以撒生的才可算為你的後裔。」 這話的意思是:亞伯拉罕憑血氣所生的兒女並不是上帝的兒女,只有憑應許所生的才算是他的後裔。 因為上帝曾這樣應許他:「明年這時候,我會再來,撒拉必生一個兒子。」

10 後來,利百加和我們的先祖以撒結婚,懷了雙胞胎。 11 在這對孩子還未出生,還沒有顯出誰善誰惡之前,上帝為了顯明自己揀選人並不是按人的行為,而是按祂自己的旨意, 12 便對利百加說:「將來大的要服侍小的。」 13 正如聖經上說:「我愛雅各,厭惡以掃。」

14 這樣看來,我們該怎麼下結論呢?難道上帝不公平嗎?當然不是。 15 祂曾對摩西說:

「我要憐憫誰就憐憫誰,
要恩待誰就恩待誰。」

16 可見這並不在於人的意志和努力,而在於祂的憐憫。 17 聖經記載著上帝對法老說的話:「我使你興起是為了在你身上彰顯我的權能,使我的名傳遍天下。」 18 總之,上帝要憐憫誰,就憐憫誰;要叫誰頑固,就叫誰頑固。

上帝的烈怒和憐憫

19 這樣,你肯定會對我說:「為什麼上帝還指責人呢?誰能抗拒祂的旨意呢?」 20 你這個人啊!你是誰啊?竟敢頂撞上帝!受造之物怎能對造物主說:「你為什麼把我造成這樣?」 21 陶匠難道不可以從一團泥中拿一部分造貴重的器皿,又拿一部分造平凡的器皿嗎?

22 倘若上帝要顯示祂的烈怒和權能,就儘量容忍那些祂預備要毀滅的器皿, 23 以便在那些祂憐憫並預備賜予榮耀的器皿上彰顯祂豐盛的榮耀,這難道不可以嗎? 24 那些蒙憐憫的器皿就是我們這些從猶太人和外族人中被上帝呼召的人。 25 正如上帝在《何西阿書》上說:

「本來不是我子民的,
我要稱他們為『我的子民』;
本來不是我所愛的,
我要稱他們為『我所愛的』。
26 從前我在什麼地方對他們說,
『你們不是我的子民。』
將來也要在那裡對他們說,
『你們是永活上帝的兒女。』」

27 關於以色列人,以賽亞先知曾疾呼:

「以色列人雖多如海沙,
但得救的只是剩餘的人,
28 因為上帝要在世上迅速、
徹底地執行祂的判決。」

29 以賽亞又說:

「若不是萬軍之主給我們存留後裔,
我們早就像所多瑪和蛾摩拉一樣滅亡了。」

以色列人和福音

30 這樣看來,我們該說什麼呢?本來不追求義的外族人卻因信而得到了義。 31 以色列人靠遵行律法追求義,卻徒勞無功。 32 為什麼會這樣呢?因為他們不憑信心,只靠自己的行為去追求義,結果就在那塊「絆腳石」上跌倒了。 33 正如聖經上說:

「看啊!我在錫安放了一塊絆腳石,
一塊使人跌倒的磐石。
但信靠祂的人必不致蒙羞。」

Paul’s Anguish Over Israel

I speak the truth in Christ—I am not lying,(A) my conscience confirms(B) it through the Holy Spirit— I have great sorrow and unceasing anguish in my heart. For I could wish that I myself(C) were cursed(D) and cut off from Christ for the sake of my people,(E) those of my own race,(F) the people of Israel.(G) Theirs is the adoption to sonship;(H) theirs the divine glory,(I) the covenants,(J) the receiving of the law,(K) the temple worship(L) and the promises.(M) Theirs are the patriarchs,(N) and from them is traced the human ancestry of the Messiah,(O) who is God over all,(P) forever praised![a](Q) Amen.

God’s Sovereign Choice

It is not as though God’s word(R) had failed. For not all who are descended from Israel are Israel.(S) Nor because they are his descendants are they all Abraham’s children. On the contrary, “It is through Isaac that your offspring will be reckoned.”[b](T) In other words, it is not the children by physical descent who are God’s children,(U) but it is the children of the promise who are regarded as Abraham’s offspring.(V) For this was how the promise was stated: “At the appointed time I will return, and Sarah will have a son.”[c](W)

10 Not only that, but Rebekah’s children were conceived at the same time by our father Isaac.(X) 11 Yet, before the twins were born or had done anything good or bad(Y)—in order that God’s purpose(Z) in election might stand: 12 not by works but by him who calls—she was told, “The older will serve the younger.”[d](AA) 13 Just as it is written: “Jacob I loved, but Esau I hated.”[e](AB)

14 What then shall we say?(AC) Is God unjust? Not at all!(AD) 15 For he says to Moses,

“I will have mercy on whom I have mercy,
    and I will have compassion on whom I have compassion.”[f](AE)

16 It does not, therefore, depend on human desire or effort, but on God’s mercy.(AF) 17 For Scripture says to Pharaoh: “I raised you up for this very purpose, that I might display my power in you and that my name might be proclaimed in all the earth.”[g](AG) 18 Therefore God has mercy on whom he wants to have mercy, and he hardens whom he wants to harden.(AH)

19 One of you will say to me:(AI) “Then why does God still blame us?(AJ) For who is able to resist his will?”(AK) 20 But who are you, a human being, to talk back to God?(AL) “Shall what is formed say to the one who formed it,(AM) ‘Why did you make me like this?’”[h](AN) 21 Does not the potter have the right to make out of the same lump of clay some pottery for special purposes and some for common use?(AO)

22 What if God, although choosing to show his wrath and make his power known, bore with great patience(AP) the objects of his wrath—prepared for destruction?(AQ) 23 What if he did this to make the riches of his glory(AR) known to the objects of his mercy, whom he prepared in advance for glory(AS) 24 even us, whom he also called,(AT) not only from the Jews but also from the Gentiles?(AU) 25 As he says in Hosea:

“I will call them ‘my people’ who are not my people;
    and I will call her ‘my loved one’ who is not my loved one,”[i](AV)

26 and,

“In the very place where it was said to them,
    ‘You are not my people,’
    there they will be called ‘children of the living God.’”[j](AW)

27 Isaiah cries out concerning Israel:

“Though the number of the Israelites be like the sand by the sea,(AX)
    only the remnant will be saved.(AY)
28 For the Lord will carry out
    his sentence on earth with speed and finality.”[k](AZ)

29 It is just as Isaiah said previously:

“Unless the Lord Almighty(BA)
    had left us descendants,
we would have become like Sodom,
    we would have been like Gomorrah.”[l](BB)

Israel’s Unbelief

30 What then shall we say?(BC) That the Gentiles, who did not pursue righteousness, have obtained it, a righteousness that is by faith;(BD) 31 but the people of Israel, who pursued the law as the way of righteousness,(BE) have not attained their goal.(BF) 32 Why not? Because they pursued it not by faith but as if it were by works. They stumbled over the stumbling stone.(BG) 33 As it is written:

“See, I lay in Zion a stone that causes people to stumble
    and a rock that makes them fall,
    and the one who believes in him will never be put to shame.”[m](BH)

Footnotes

  1. Romans 9:5 Or Messiah, who is over all. God be forever praised! Or Messiah. God who is over all be forever praised!
  2. Romans 9:7 Gen. 21:12
  3. Romans 9:9 Gen. 18:10,14
  4. Romans 9:12 Gen. 25:23
  5. Romans 9:13 Mal. 1:2,3
  6. Romans 9:15 Exodus 33:19
  7. Romans 9:17 Exodus 9:16
  8. Romans 9:20 Isaiah 29:16; 45:9
  9. Romans 9:25 Hosea 2:23
  10. Romans 9:26 Hosea 1:10
  11. Romans 9:28 Isaiah 10:22,23 (see Septuagint)
  12. Romans 9:29 Isaiah 1:9
  13. Romans 9:33 Isaiah 8:14; 28:16

I say the truth in Christ, I lie not, my conscience also bearing me witness in the Holy Ghost,

That I have great heaviness and continual sorrow in my heart.

For I could wish that myself were accursed from Christ for my brethren, my kinsmen according to the flesh:

Who are Israelites; to whom pertaineth the adoption, and the glory, and the covenants, and the giving of the law, and the service of God, and the promises;

Whose are the fathers, and of whom as concerning the flesh Christ came, who is over all, God blessed for ever. Amen.

Not as though the word of God hath taken none effect. For they are not all Israel, which are of Israel:

Neither, because they are the seed of Abraham, are they all children: but, In Isaac shall thy seed be called.

That is, They which are the children of the flesh, these are not the children of God: but the children of the promise are counted for the seed.

For this is the word of promise, At this time will I come, and Sarah shall have a son.

10 And not only this; but when Rebecca also had conceived by one, even by our father Isaac;

11 (For the children being not yet born, neither having done any good or evil, that the purpose of God according to election might stand, not of works, but of him that calleth;)

12 It was said unto her, The elder shall serve the younger.

13 As it is written, Jacob have I loved, but Esau have I hated.

14 What shall we say then? Is there unrighteousness with God? God forbid.

15 For he saith to Moses, I will have mercy on whom I will have mercy, and I will have compassion on whom I will have compassion.

16 So then it is not of him that willeth, nor of him that runneth, but of God that sheweth mercy.

17 For the scripture saith unto Pharaoh, Even for this same purpose have I raised thee up, that I might shew my power in thee, and that my name might be declared throughout all the earth.

18 Therefore hath he mercy on whom he will have mercy, and whom he will he hardeneth.

19 Thou wilt say then unto me, Why doth he yet find fault? For who hath resisted his will?

20 Nay but, O man, who art thou that repliest against God? Shall the thing formed say to him that formed it, Why hast thou made me thus?

21 Hath not the potter power over the clay, of the same lump to make one vessel unto honour, and another unto dishonour?

22 What if God, willing to shew his wrath, and to make his power known, endured with much longsuffering the vessels of wrath fitted to destruction:

23 And that he might make known the riches of his glory on the vessels of mercy, which he had afore prepared unto glory,

24 Even us, whom he hath called, not of the Jews only, but also of the Gentiles?

25 As he saith also in Osee, I will call them my people, which were not my people; and her beloved, which was not beloved.

26 And it shall come to pass, that in the place where it was said unto them, Ye are not my people; there shall they be called the children of the living God.

27 Esaias also crieth concerning Israel, Though the number of the children of Israel be as the sand of the sea, a remnant shall be saved:

28 For he will finish the work, and cut it short in righteousness: because a short work will the Lord make upon the earth.

29 And as Esaias said before, Except the Lord of Sabaoth had left us a seed, we had been as Sodoma, and been made like unto Gomorrha.

30 What shall we say then? That the Gentiles, which followed not after righteousness, have attained to righteousness, even the righteousness which is of faith.

31 But Israel, which followed after the law of righteousness, hath not attained to the law of righteousness.

32 Wherefore? Because they sought it not by faith, but as it were by the works of the law. For they stumbled at that stumblingstone;

33 As it is written, Behold, I lay in Sion a stumblingstone and rock of offence: and whosoever believeth on him shall not be ashamed.