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O casamento como exemplo

Irmãos, todos vocês entendem a lei de Moisés e, com certeza, sabem que a lei governa a pessoa somente enquanto ela está viva. Por exemplo, uma mulher deve se manter casada com o seu marido enquanto ele viver. Mas, se ele morrer, ela fica livre para casar com quem quiser. Entretanto, se ela casar com outro homem enquanto o marido está vivo, a lei diz que ela é culpada de adultério. Mas, se o marido morrer, ela fica livre da lei do casamento e assim pode se casar de novo e não comete adultério.

Da mesma maneira, meus irmãos, vocês morreram para a lei através do corpo de Jesus Cristo. Agora vocês pertencem àquele que ressuscitou da morte. Nós pertencemos a Cristo, para que possamos ser úteis no serviço de Deus. Porque quando vivíamos de acordo com nossa natureza humana, os nossos desejos pecadores foram despertados pela lei. Eles controlavam nossos corpos e assim nos levavam a morrer espiritualmente. No passado, a lei nos mantinha como prisioneiros. Porém agora estamos livres da lei, pois morremos para ela. Nós não servimos mais a Deus pela maneira antiga, por meio da lei escrita. Agora nós servimos a Deus de maneira nova, por meio do Espírito.

A nossa luta contra o pecado

Não quero com isso dizer que a lei e o pecado sejam a mesma coisa. Não, de maneira nenhuma. Mas a lei era a única maneira de eu vir a saber o que é o pecado. Por exemplo, eu nunca saberia do pecado de desejar o que não me pertence se a lei não dissesse: “Não deseje o que não lhe pertence”(A). Mas, por intermédio do mandamento, o pecado encontrou um jeito de criar em mim toda espécie de cobiça. Mas, sem a lei, o pecado não tem poder. Eu tinha vida sem a lei, antes de conhecer a lei. Mas, quando o mandamento veio, o pecado começou a viver 10 e eu morri espiritualmente. O mandamento era para dar vida, mas me trouxe somente a morte. 11 O pecado encontrou um jeito de me enganar por meio do mandamento. Ele usou o mandamento para me fazer morrer espiritualmente.

12 A lei é santa e o mandamento é santo, reto e bom. 13 Isto quer dizer que aquilo que é bom me conduziu à morte? De maneira nenhuma! O pecado é que usou o que é bom para me conduzir à morte, a fim de que eu pudesse ver como o pecado realmente é. E assim, por meio do mandamento, o pecado se mostrou ainda mais terrível.

O conflito no homem

14 Nós sabemos que a lei é espiritual, mas eu não sou espiritual. O pecado me controla como se eu fosse seu escravo. 15 Eu não entendo aquilo que faço, porque não faço as coisas boas que quero fazer. Ao contrário, faço as coisas más que odeio fazer. 16 Se faço as coisas más que não quero fazer, concordo que a lei é boa. 17 Mas não sou eu que, de fato, faço o mal. É o pecado que vive em mim que o faz. 18 Sim, eu sei que nada de bom vive em mim, isto é, naquela parte de mim que é humana e pecadora. Eu quero fazer o que é bom, mas não faço. 19 Eu não faço as coisas boas que quero fazer. Ao contrário, faço as coisas más que não quero fazer. 20 E, se faço as coisas más que não quero fazer, já não sou eu quem as faz, mas o pecado que vive em mim.

21 Aprendi então esta regra: quando quero fazer o bem, o mal está presente em mim. 22 No meu ser interior, estou de acordo com a lei de Deus. 23 Mas vejo outra lei trabalhando no meu corpo. Ela batalha contra a lei que meu ser interior aprova. Essa outra lei que trabalha no meu corpo é a lei do pecado e ela me faz seu prisioneiro. 24 Que homem tão miserável que sou! Quem poderá me salvar deste corpo que me conduz para a morte? 25 Dou graças a Deus por meio de nosso Senhor Jesus Cristo.

Assim, em minha mente, sou escravo da lei de Deus, mas naquela parte de mim que é humana e pecadora, sou escravo da lei do pecado.

Freed from the Law

Or do you not know, brethren (for I speak to those who know the law), that the law [a]has dominion over a man as long as he lives? For (A)the woman who has a husband is bound by the law to her husband as long as he lives. But if the husband dies, she is released from the law of her husband. So then (B)if, while her husband lives, she marries another man, she will be called an adulteress; but if her husband dies, she is free from that law, so that she is no adulteress, though she has married another man. Therefore, my brethren, you also have become (C)dead to the law through the body of Christ, that you may be married to another—to Him who was raised from the dead, that we should (D)bear fruit to God. For when we were in the flesh, the sinful passions which were aroused by the law (E)were at work in our members (F)to bear fruit to death. But now we have been delivered from the law, having died to what we were held by, so that we should serve (G)in the newness of the Spirit and not in the oldness of the letter.

Sin’s Advantage in the Law

What shall we say then? Is the law sin? Certainly not! On the contrary, (H)I would not have known sin except through the law. For I would not have known covetousness unless the law had said, (I)“You shall not covet.” But (J)sin, taking opportunity by the commandment, produced in me all manner of evil desire. For (K)apart from the law sin was dead. I was alive once without the law, but when the commandment came, sin revived and I died. 10 And the commandment, (L)which was to bring life, I found to bring death. 11 For sin, taking occasion by the commandment, deceived me, and by it killed me. 12 Therefore (M)the law is holy, and the commandment holy and just and good.

Law Cannot Save from Sin

13 Has then what is good become death to me? Certainly not! But sin, that it might appear sin, was producing death in me through what is good, so that sin through the commandment might become exceedingly sinful. 14 For we know that the law is spiritual, but I am carnal, (N)sold under sin. 15 For what I am doing, I do not understand. (O)For what I will to do, that I do not practice; but what I hate, that I do. 16 If, then, I do what I will not to do, I agree with the law that it is good. 17 But now, it is no longer I who do it, but sin that dwells in me. 18 For I know that (P)in me (that is, in my flesh) nothing good dwells; for to will is present with me, but how to perform what is good I do not find. 19 For the good that I will to do, I do not do; but the evil I will not to do, that I practice. 20 Now if I do what I will not to do, it is no longer I who do it, but sin that dwells in me.

21 I find then a law, that evil is present with me, the one who wills to do good. 22 For I (Q)delight in the law of God according to (R)the inward man. 23 But (S)I see another law in (T)my members, warring against the law of my mind, and bringing me into captivity to the law of sin which is in my members. 24 O wretched man that I am! Who will deliver me (U)from this body of death? 25 (V)I thank God—through Jesus Christ our Lord!

So then, with the mind I myself serve the law of God, but with the flesh the law of sin.

Footnotes

  1. Romans 7:1 rules

The Believer’s Relationship to the Law

Or do you not know, brothers and sisters[a] (for I am speaking to those who know the law), that the law is lord over a person[b] as long as he lives? For a married woman is bound by law to her husband as long as he lives, but if her[c] husband dies, she is released from the law of the marriage.[d] So then,[e] if she is joined to another man while her husband is alive, she will be called an adulteress. But if her[f] husband dies, she is free from that law, and if she is joined to another man, she is not an adulteress. So, my brothers and sisters,[g] you also died to the law through the body of Christ, so that you could be joined to another, to the one who was raised from the dead, to bear fruit to God.[h] For when we were in the flesh,[i] the sinful desires,[j] aroused by the law, were active in the members of our body[k] to bear fruit for death. But now we have been released from the law, because we have died[l] to what controlled us, so that we may serve in the new life of the Spirit and not under the old written code.[m]

What shall we say then? Is the law sin? Absolutely not! Certainly, I[n] would not have known sin except through the law. For indeed I would not have known what it means to desire something belonging to someone else[o] if the law had not said, “Do not covet.”[p] But sin, seizing the opportunity through the commandment, produced in me all kinds of wrong desires.[q] For apart from the law, sin is dead. And I was once alive apart from the law, but with the coming of the commandment sin became alive 10 and I died. So[r] I found that the very commandment that was intended to bring life brought death![s] 11 For sin, seizing the opportunity through the commandment, deceived me and through it I died.[t] 12 So then, the law is holy, and the commandment is holy, righteous, and good.

13 Did that which is good, then, become death to me? Absolutely not! But sin, so that it would be shown to be sin, produced death in me through what is good, so that through the commandment sin would become utterly sinful. 14 For we know that the law is spiritual—but I am unspiritual, sold into slavery to sin.[u] 15 For I don’t understand what I am doing. For I do not do what I want—instead, I do what I hate.[v] 16 But if I do what I don’t want, I agree that the law is good.[w] 17 But now it is no longer me doing it, but sin that lives in me. 18 For I know that nothing good lives in me, that is, in my flesh. For I want to do the good, but I cannot do it.[x] 19 For I do not do the good I want, but I do the very evil I do not want! 20 Now if I do what I do not want, it is no longer me doing it but sin that lives in me.

21 So, I find the law that when I want to do good, evil is present with me. 22 For I delight in the law of God in my inner being. 23 But I see a different law in my members waging war against the law of my mind and making me captive to the law of sin that is in my members. 24 Wretched man that I am! Who will rescue me from this body of death? 25 Thanks be[y] to God through Jesus Christ our Lord! So then,[z] I myself serve the law of God with my mind, but[aa] with my flesh I serve[ab] the law of sin.

Footnotes

  1. Romans 7:1 tn Grk “brothers.” See note on the phrase “brothers and sisters” in 1:13.
  2. Romans 7:1 sn Here person refers to a human being.
  3. Romans 7:2 tn Grk “the,” with the article used as a possessive pronoun (ExSyn 215).
  4. Romans 7:2 tn Grk “husband.”sn Paul’s example of the married woman and the law of the marriage illustrates that death frees a person from obligation to the law. Thus, in spiritual terms, a person who has died to what controlled us (v. 6) has been released from the law to serve God in the new life produced by the Spirit.
  5. Romans 7:3 tn There is a double connective here that cannot be easily preserved in English: “consequently therefore,” emphasizing the conclusion of what he has been arguing.
  6. Romans 7:3 tn Grk “the,” with the article used as a possessive pronoun (ExSyn 215).
  7. Romans 7:4 tn Grk “brothers.” See note on the phrase “brothers and sisters” in 1:13.
  8. Romans 7:4 tn Grk “that we might bear fruit to God.”
  9. Romans 7:5 tn That is, before we were in Christ.
  10. Romans 7:5 tn Or “sinful passions.”
  11. Romans 7:5 tn Grk “our members”; the words “of our body” have been supplied to clarify the meaning.
  12. Romans 7:6 tn Grk “having died.” The participle ἀποθανόντες (apothanontes) has been translated as a causal adverbial participle.
  13. Romans 7:6 tn Grk “in the newness of the Spirit and not in the oldness of the letter.”
  14. Romans 7:7 sn Romans 7:7-25. There has been an enormous debate over the significance of the first person singular pronouns (“I”) in this passage and how to understand their referent. Did Paul intend (1) a reference to himself and other Christians too; (2) a reference to his own pre-Christian experience as a Jew, struggling with the law and sin (and thus addressing his fellow countrymen as Jews); or (3) a reference to himself as a child of Adam, reflecting the experience of Adam that is shared by both Jews and Gentiles alike (i.e., all people everywhere)? Good arguments can be assembled for each of these views, and each has problems dealing with specific statements in the passage. The classic argument against an autobiographical interpretation was made by W. G. Kümmel, Römer 7 und die Bekehrung des Paulus. A good case for seeing at least an autobiographical element in the chapter has been made by G. Theissen, Psychologische Aspekte paulinischer Theologie [FRLANT], 181-268. One major point that seems to favor some sort of an autobiographical reading of these verses is the lack of any mention of the Holy Spirit for empowerment in the struggle described in Rom 7:7-25. The Spirit is mentioned beginning in 8:1 as the solution to the problem of the struggle with sin (8:4-6, 9).
  15. Romans 7:7 tn Grk “I would not have known covetousness.”
  16. Romans 7:7 sn A quotation from Exod 20:17 and Deut 5:21.
  17. Romans 7:8 tn Or “covetousness.”
  18. Romans 7:10 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “So” to indicate the result of the statement in the previous verse. Greek style often begins sentences or clauses with “and,” but English style generally does not.
  19. Romans 7:10 tn Grk “and there was found in/for me the commandment which was for life—this was for death.”
  20. Romans 7:11 tn Or “and through it killed me.”
  21. Romans 7:14 tn Grk “under sin.”
  22. Romans 7:15 tn Grk “but what I hate, this I do.”
  23. Romans 7:16 tn Grk “I agree with the law that it is good.”
  24. Romans 7:18 tn Grk “For to wish is present in/with me, but not to do it.”
  25. Romans 7:25 tc ‡ Most mss (א* A 1739 1881 M sy) read “I give thanks to God” rather than “Now thanks be to God” (א1 [B] Ψ 33 81 104 365 1506), the reading of NA28. The reading with the verb (εὐχαριστῶ τῷ θεῷ, eucharistō tō theō) possibly arose from a transcriptional error in which several letters were doubled (TCGNT 455). The conjunction δέ (de, “now”) is included in some mss as well (א1 Ψ 33 81 104 365 1506), but it should probably not be considered original. The ms support for the omission of δέ is both excellent and widespread (א* A B D 1739 1881 M lat sy), and its addition can be explained as an insertion to smooth out the transition between v. 24 and 25.
  26. Romans 7:25 tn There is a double connective here that cannot be easily preserved in English: “consequently therefore,” emphasizing the conclusion of what he has been arguing.
  27. Romans 7:25 tn Greek emphasizes the contrast between these two clauses more than can be easily expressed in English.
  28. Romans 7:25 tn The words “I serve” have been repeated here for clarity.