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Psalm 18

Royal Thanksgiving for Victory

To the leader. A Psalm of David the servant of the Lord, who addressed the words of this song to the Lord on the day when the Lord delivered him from the hand of all his enemies, and from the hand of Saul. He said:

I love you, O Lord, my strength.
The Lord is my rock, my fortress, and my deliverer,
    my God, my rock in whom I take refuge,
    my shield, and the horn of my salvation, my stronghold.
I call upon the Lord, who is worthy to be praised,
    so I shall be saved from my enemies.

The cords of death encompassed me;
    the torrents of perdition assailed me;
the cords of Sheol entangled me;
    the snares of death confronted me.

In my distress I called upon the Lord;
    to my God I cried for help.
From his temple he heard my voice,
    and my cry to him reached his ears.

Then the earth reeled and rocked;
    the foundations also of the mountains trembled
    and quaked, because he was angry.
Smoke went up from his nostrils,
    and devouring fire from his mouth;
    glowing coals flamed forth from him.
He bowed the heavens, and came down;
    thick darkness was under his feet.
10 He rode on a cherub, and flew;
    he came swiftly upon the wings of the wind.
11 He made darkness his covering around him,
    his canopy thick clouds dark with water.
12 Out of the brightness before him
    there broke through his clouds
    hailstones and coals of fire.
13 The Lord also thundered in the heavens,
    and the Most High uttered his voice.[a]
14 And he sent out his arrows, and scattered them;
    he flashed forth lightnings, and routed them.
15 Then the channels of the sea were seen,
    and the foundations of the world were laid bare
at your rebuke, O Lord,
    at the blast of the breath of your nostrils.

16 He reached down from on high, he took me;
    he drew me out of mighty waters.
17 He delivered me from my strong enemy,
    and from those who hated me;
    for they were too mighty for me.
18 They confronted me in the day of my calamity;
    but the Lord was my support.
19 He brought me out into a broad place;
    he delivered me, because he delighted in me.

20 The Lord rewarded me according to my righteousness;
    according to the cleanness of my hands he recompensed me.
21 For I have kept the ways of the Lord,
    and have not wickedly departed from my God.
22 For all his ordinances were before me,
    and his statutes I did not put away from me.
23 I was blameless before him,
    and I kept myself from guilt.
24 Therefore the Lord has recompensed me according to my righteousness,
    according to the cleanness of my hands in his sight.

25 With the loyal you show yourself loyal;
    with the blameless you show yourself blameless;
26 with the pure you show yourself pure;
    and with the crooked you show yourself perverse.
27 For you deliver a humble people,
    but the haughty eyes you bring down.
28 It is you who light my lamp;
    the Lord, my God, lights up my darkness.
29 By you I can crush a troop,
    and by my God I can leap over a wall.
30 This God—his way is perfect;
    the promise of the Lord proves true;
    he is a shield for all who take refuge in him.

31 For who is God except the Lord?
    And who is a rock besides our God?—
32 the God who girded me with strength,
    and made my way safe.
33 He made my feet like the feet of a deer,
    and set me secure on the heights.
34 He trains my hands for war,
    so that my arms can bend a bow of bronze.
35 You have given me the shield of your salvation,
    and your right hand has supported me;
    your help[b] has made me great.
36 You gave me a wide place for my steps under me,
    and my feet did not slip.
37 I pursued my enemies and overtook them;
    and did not turn back until they were consumed.
38 I struck them down, so that they were not able to rise;
    they fell under my feet.
39 For you girded me with strength for the battle;
    you made my assailants sink under me.
40 You made my enemies turn their backs to me,
    and those who hated me I destroyed.
41 They cried for help, but there was no one to save them;
    they cried to the Lord, but he did not answer them.
42 I beat them fine, like dust before the wind;
    I cast them out like the mire of the streets.

43 You delivered me from strife with the peoples;[c]
    you made me head of the nations;
    people whom I had not known served me.
44 As soon as they heard of me they obeyed me;
    foreigners came cringing to me.
45 Foreigners lost heart,
    and came trembling out of their strongholds.

46 The Lord lives! Blessed be my rock,
    and exalted be the God of my salvation,
47 the God who gave me vengeance
    and subdued peoples under me;
48 who delivered me from my enemies;
    indeed, you exalted me above my adversaries;
    you delivered me from the violent.

49 For this I will extol you, O Lord, among the nations,
    and sing praises to your name.
50 Great triumphs he gives to his king,
    and shows steadfast love to his anointed,
    to David and his descendants forever.

Footnotes

  1. Psalm 18:13 Gk See 2 Sam 22.14: Heb adds hailstones and coals of fire
  2. Psalm 18:35 Or gentleness
  3. Psalm 18:43 Gk Tg: Heb people

David's Song of Victory[a] (A)

18 How I love you, Lord!
    You are my defender.

The Lord is my protector;
    he is my strong fortress.
My God is my protection,
    and with him I am safe.
He protects me like a shield;
    he defends me and keeps me safe.
I call to the Lord,
    and he saves me from my enemies.
Praise the Lord!

The danger of death was all around me;
    the waves of destruction rolled over me.
The danger of death was around me,
    and the grave set its trap for me.
In my trouble I called to the Lord;
    I called to my God for help.
In his temple he heard my voice;
    he listened to my cry for help.

Then the earth trembled and shook;
    the foundations of the mountains rocked and quivered,
    because God was angry.
Smoke poured out of his nostrils,
    a consuming flame and burning coals from his mouth.
He tore the sky open and came down
    with a dark cloud under his feet.
10 He flew swiftly on his winged creature;[b]
    he traveled on the wings of the wind.
11 He covered himself with darkness;
    thick clouds, full of water, surrounded him.
12 Hailstones and flashes of fire
    came from the lightning before him
    and broke through the dark clouds.

13 Then the Lord thundered from the sky;
    and the voice of the Most High was heard.[c]
14 He shot his arrows and scattered his enemies;
    with flashes of lightning he sent them running.
15 The floor of the ocean was laid bare,
    and the foundations of the earth were uncovered,
when you rebuked your enemies, Lord,
    and roared at them in anger.

16 The Lord reached down from above and took hold of me;
    he pulled me out of the deep waters.
17 He rescued me from my powerful enemies
    and from all those who hate me—
    they were too strong for me.
18 When I was in trouble, they attacked me,
    but the Lord protected me.
19 He helped me out of danger;
    he saved me because he was pleased with me.

20 The Lord rewards me because I do what is right;
    he blesses me because I am innocent.
21 I have obeyed the law of the Lord;
    I have not turned away from my God.
22 I have observed all his laws;
    I have not disobeyed his commands.
23 He knows that I am faultless,
    that I have kept myself from doing wrong.
24 And so he rewards me because I do what is right,
    because he knows that I am innocent.

25 O Lord, you are faithful to those who are faithful to you;
    completely good to those who are perfect.
26 You are pure to those who are pure,
    but hostile to those who are wicked.
27 You save those who are humble,
    but you humble those who are proud.

28 O Lord, you give me light;
    you dispel my darkness.
29 You give me strength to attack my enemies
    and power to overcome their defenses.

30 This God—how perfect are his deeds!
    How dependable his words!
He is like a shield
    for all who seek his protection.
31 The Lord alone is God;
    God alone is our defense.
32 He is the God who makes me strong,
    who makes my pathway safe.
33 (B)He makes me sure-footed as a deer;
    he keeps me safe on the mountains.
34 He trains me for battle,
    so that I can use the strongest bow.

35 O Lord, you protect me and save me;
    your care has made me great,
    and your power has kept me safe.
36 You have kept me from being captured,
    and I have never fallen.
37 I pursue my enemies and catch them;
    I do not stop until I destroy them.
38 I strike them down, and they cannot rise;
    they lie defeated before me.
39 You give me strength for the battle
    and victory over my enemies.
40 You make my enemies run from me;
    I destroy those who hate me.
41 They cry for help, but no one saves them;
    they call to the Lord, but he does not answer.
42 I crush them, so that they become like dust
    which the wind blows away.
I trample on them like mud in the streets.

43 You saved me from a rebellious people
    and made me ruler over the nations;
    people I did not know have now become my subjects.
44 Foreigners bow before me;
    when they hear me, they obey.
45 They lose their courage
    and come trembling from their fortresses.

46 The Lord lives! Praise my defender!
    Proclaim the greatness of the God who saves me.
47 He gives me victory over my enemies;
    he subdues the nations under me
48     and saves me from my foes.

O Lord, you give me victory over my enemies
    and protect me from violent people.
49 (C)And so I praise you among the nations;
    I sing praises to you.

50 God gives great victories to his king;
    he shows constant love to the one he has chosen,
    to David and his descendants forever.

Footnotes

  1. Psalm 18:1 HEBREW TITLE: The words that David, the Lord's servant, sang to the Lord on the day the Lord saved him from Saul and all his other enemies.
  2. Psalm 18:10 See Word List.
  3. Psalm 18:13 One ancient translation (and see 2 S 22.14) was heard; Hebrew was heard hailstones and flashes of fire.

Psalm 18[a]

Thanksgiving for God’s Help

For the director.[b] Of David, the servant of the Lord. He sang to the Lord the words of this song after the Lord had rescued him from the clutches of all his enemies and from the hand of Saul. He said:

I love you, O Lord, my strength,
    Lord, my rock,[c] my fortress, my deliverer.
My God is my rock in whom I take refuge,
    my shield and the horn of my salvation,
    my stronghold.
I call upon the Lord, who is worthy of all praise;
    and I am saved from my enemies.
The cords of death encompassed me,
    and the torrents of destruction assailed me.
The cords of the netherworld ensnared me,
    and the snares of death[d] rose up before me.
In my anguish I cried out to the Lord
    and called to my God for help.
From his temple[e] he heard my voice,
    and my cry to him reached his ears.
[f]The earth swayed and rocked;
    the foundations of the mountains shook,
    rocking because of his blazing anger.
Smoke poured forth from his nostrils,
    while a scorching fire blazed out of his mouth
    and kindled coals into flame.
10 He parted the heavens and came down;
    dark clouds lay under his feet.
11 He rode upon a cherub,[g]
    soaring swiftly on the wings of the wind.
12 He used the darkness as his covering,
    and dense thunderclouds as his canopy.
13 From the radiance before him thick clouds emerged,
    spewing hail and flashes of fire.
14 The Lord thundered from the heavens,
    and the Most High let his voice be heard.
15 He shot his arrows[h] and scattered them,
    hurled his lightning bolts and routed them.
16 Then the depths of the sea were exposed,
    and the earth’s foundations were laid bare,
at the rebuke of the Lord,[i]
    at the blast of wind from his nostrils.
17 He reached down from on high and snatched me up;
    he drew me out of the watery depths.[j]
18 He delivered me from my powerful enemy,
    and from my foes, who were too strong for me.
19 They assailed me in the day of my misfortune,
    but the Lord came forward to uphold me.
20 He led me forth into the open field;
    he set me free because he was pleased with me.
21 The Lord has dealt with me according to my righteousness;[k]
    because my hands were pure, he has rewarded me.
22 For I have kept the ways of the Lord[l]
    and refused to turn away from my God.
23 His laws are clearly known to me,
    and I have not failed to observe his decrees.
24 I was blameless in his sight,
    and I kept myself free of sin.
25 Therefore, the Lord has rewarded me according to my righteousness,
    because of the cleanness of my hands in his eyes.
26 To the loyal, you show yourself to be loyal;
    to the blameless, you show yourself to be blameless;
27 to the pure, you show yourself to be pure;
    but to the perverse,[m] you show yourself to be shrewd.
28 For you save the humble,
    but you bring down the haughty.
29 You, O Lord, are light for my lamp;[n]
    O my God, you make my darkness turn to light.
30 With your help I can storm a rampart;
    with my God to aid me, I can scale any wall.
31 The way of God is blameless,
    and the Lord’s promise proves true;
he is a shield to all
    who flee to him for safety.
32 Indeed, who is God except the Lord?
    Who is the Rock besides our God?
33 It is God who clothes me with strength
    and makes my way blameless.
34 He gives me the swift feet of a deer
    and places me securely on the heights.
35 He trains my hands for war
    and my arms to bend a bow of bronze.[o]
36 You have given me the shield of your salvation;
    your right hand sustains me,
    and your goodness makes me great.
37 You broadened the path beneath me
    so that my feet have never stumbled.
38 I went after my enemies and overtook them;
    I did not turn back until they were defeated.
39 When I knocked them down, they were unable to rise;
    they fell down at my feet.
40 You clothed me with strength for the battle
    and cast down my adversaries beneath me.
41 You made my enemies retreat before me,
    so that I could scatter those who hated me.
42 They called for help, but there was no one to deliver them;
    they called to the Lord, but no answer came.
43 I crushed them like fine dust before the wind;
    I trod on them like mud in the streets.
44 You delivered me from a people in rebellion,
    and you placed me in charge of the nations;
    people I did not know have become my subjects.
45 As soon as they heard me, they obeyed;
    foreigners groveled before me.
46 Then they became disheartened
    and came forth trembling from their strongholds.
47 The Lord lives! Blessed[p] be my Rock!
    Exalted be God, my Savior!
48 O God, you obtained vindication for me,
    subjected nations under me,
49     and freed me from my enemies.
You exalted me over my adversaries
    and delivered me from the violent.
50 For this, O Lord, I will praise you among the nations
    and sing praise to your name.[q]
51 You have bestowed great victories on your king,
    and you have shown kindness to your anointed,[r]
    to David and his descendants forever.

Footnotes

  1. Psalm 18:1 This song of David occurs also in 2 Sam 22 with minor variations. It is composed of an introduction (vv. 1-4), a conclusion (vv. 47-51), and three major divisions: (1) the Lord’s deliverance of David from mortal enemies (vv. 5-20); (2) the moral grounds for the Lord’s help (vv. 21-30); and (3) the Lord’s help recounted (vv. 31-46).
    Already emerging in this splendid psalm, which is both a song of thanksgiving and a song of victory, is the image of the King-Messiah, Jesus, born of the house of David and beloved Son of the Father; he will conquer the forces of evil. This poem is a festal song expressing wonder and thanksgiving and glorifying God.
    To the extent that we can allow ourselves to be identified with Christ and become kings in him (see Ps 2), we can use this psalm to praise God the Father for the wonders that Paul celebrates in the hymn of the Letter to the Ephesians (1:3-15).
  2. Psalm 18:1 For the director: these words are thought to be a musical or liturgical notation.
  3. Psalm 18:3 Rock: a common symbol for God indicating his strength as a refuge or as a deliverer (see Pss 19:15; 31:3f; 42:10; 62:3, 8; 71:3; 73:26; 78:35; 89:27; 92:16; 94:22; 95:1; 144:1; Deut 32:15; Isa 17:10). See Jesus’ use of the word in Mt 16:18. Horn: a symbol of strength (see Deut 33:17; Jer 48:25); it often had Messianic overtones (see Ps 132:17; Ezek 29:21).
  4. Psalm 18:6 Cords of the netherworld . . . snares of death: the psalmist had been in the grip of death and a prisoner of the grave (see Ps 116:3; Job 36:8).
  5. Psalm 18:7 Temple: God’s heavenly dwelling where he is enthroned (see Pss 11:4; 113:5; Isa 6:1; 40:22).
  6. Psalm 18:8 In these powerful images the ancients sang of the presence and glory of God in creation and in events (see Pss 68:9f; 97:2-5; Ex 19:15-18; Jdg 5:4f; Job 36:29f; Isa 30:27f; Hab 3:3-15). The description gives a presentiment of the struggle at the end of time in which God triumphs.
  7. Psalm 18:11 Cherub: a winged being, represented at the entrance of Mesopotamian temples. Two cherubim stood on the Ark of the Covenant (see Ex 25:18; 1 Ki 6:23-28). God was regarded as enthroned on them (see Pss 80:2; 99:1) and riding upon the storm clouds (see Ps 104:3) or upon the cherubim.
  8. Psalm 18:15 Arrows: shafts of lightning (see Pss 77:18; 144:6; Hab 3:11).
  9. Psalm 18:16 The psalmist may be referring to the wondrous deed God accomplished at the Red Sea during the Exodus (see Ex 14:15-22).
  10. Psalm 18:17 Watery depths: symbols of great danger (see Pss 32:6; 40:3; 42:8; 66:12; 69:3, 15; 88:18; 130:1; Job 22:11; Isa 30:28; Jon 2:5f).
  11. Psalm 18:21 Righteousness: see note on Ps 1:5.
  12. Psalm 18:22 Ways of the Lord: see note on Ps 25:10.
  13. Psalm 18:27 God treats people the way they treat him and others. The perverse: those who stray from the straight way of the Lord. Show yourself to be shrewd: the Lord counters the evil acts of the wicked, one after the other.
  14. Psalm 18:29 Light for my lamp: a figure of life and happiness (see 1 Ki 11:36). Light: see note on Ps 27:1.
  15. Psalm 18:35 Bow of bronze: a bow difficult to bend that would shoot arrows with greater force.
  16. Psalm 18:47 Blessed: i.e., adored, praised, and thanked.
  17. Psalm 18:50 This text is cited by Paul (Rom 15:9) as a prediction of the conversion of the Gentiles. Name: see note on Ps 5:12.
  18. Psalm 18:51 You have shown kindness to your anointed: the Lord is mindful of his covenant with his anointed king and never ceases bestowing blessings upon him. This is even more true of the King and Anointed par excellence, Jesus Christ. Kindness: see note on Ps 6:5.

18 Unto the end. A psalm for David.

The heavens shew forth the glory of God, and the firmament declareth the work of his hands.

Day to day uttereth speech, and night to night sheweth knowledge.

There are no speeches nor languages, where their voices are not heard.

Their sound hath gone forth into all the earth: and their words unto the ends of the world.

He hath set his tabernacle in the sun: and he, as a bridegroom coming out of his bride chamber, Hath rejoiced as a giant to run the way:

His going out is from the end of heaven, And his circuit even to the end thereof: and there is no one that can hide himself from his heat.

The law of the Lord is unspotted, converting souls: the testimony of the Lord is faithful, giving wisdom to little ones.

The justices of the Lord are right, rejoicing hearts: the commandment of the Lord is lightsome, enlightening the eyes.

10 The fear of the Lord is holy, enduring for ever and ever: the judgments of the Lord are true, justified in themselves.

11 More to be desired than gold and many precious stones: and sweeter than honey and the honeycomb.

12 For thy servant keepeth them, and in keeping them there is a great reward.

13 Who can understand sins? from my secret ones cleanse me, O Lord:

14 And from those of others spare thy servant. If they shall have no dominion over me, then shall I be without spot: and I shall be cleansed from the greatest sin.

15 And the words of my mouth shall be such as may please: and the meditation of my heart always in thy sight. O Lord, my helper, and my redeemer.

The Lord Praised for Giving Deliverance.

For the choir director. A Psalm of David the servant of the Lord, [a]who spoke to the Lord the words of this song in the day that the Lord delivered him from the hand of all his enemies and from the hand of Saul. And he said,

18 “I love You, O Lord, (A)my strength.”
The Lord is (B)my [b]rock and (C)my fortress and my (D)deliverer,
My God, my rock, in whom I take refuge;
My (E)shield and the (F)horn of my salvation, my (G)stronghold.
I call upon the Lord, who is (H)worthy to be praised,
And I am (I)saved from my enemies.

The (J)cords of death encompassed me,
And the (K)torrents of [c]ungodliness [d]terrified me.
The (L)cords of [e]Sheol surrounded me;
The snares of death confronted me.
In my (M)distress I called upon the Lord,
And cried to my God for help;
He heard my voice (N)out of His temple,
And my (O)cry for help before Him came into His ears.

Then the (P)earth shook and quaked;
And the (Q)foundations of the mountains were trembling
And were shaken, because He was angry.
Smoke went up [f]out of His nostrils,
And (R)fire from His mouth devoured;
Coals were kindled by it.
He (S)bowed the heavens also, and came down
With thick (T)darkness under His feet.
10 He rode upon a (U)cherub and flew;
And He sped upon the (V)wings of the wind.
11 He made (W)darkness His hiding place, (X)His [g]canopy around Him,
Darkness of waters, thick clouds of the skies.
12 From the (Y)brightness before Him passed His thick clouds,
Hailstones and (Z)coals of fire.
13 The Lord also (AA)thundered in the heavens,
And the Most High uttered His voice,
Hailstones and coals of fire.
14 He (AB)sent out His arrows, and scattered them,
And lightning flashes in abundance, and [h]routed them.
15 Then the (AC)channels of water appeared,
And the foundations of the world were [i]laid bare
At Your (AD)rebuke, O Lord,
At the blast of the (AE)breath of Your nostrils.

16 He (AF)sent from on high, He took me;
He drew me out of (AG)many waters.
17 He (AH)delivered me from my strong enemy,
And from those who hated me, for they were (AI)too mighty for me.
18 They confronted me in (AJ)the day of my calamity,
But (AK)the Lord was my stay.
19 He brought me forth also into a (AL)broad place;
He rescued me, because (AM)He delighted in me.

20 The Lord has (AN)rewarded me according to my righteousness;
According to the (AO)cleanness of my hands He has recompensed me.
21 For I have (AP)kept the ways of the Lord,
And have (AQ)not wickedly departed from my God.
22 For all (AR)His ordinances were before me,
And I did not put away His (AS)statutes from me.
23 I was also [j](AT)blameless with Him,
And I (AU)kept myself from my iniquity.
24 Therefore the Lord has (AV)recompensed me according to my righteousness,
According to the cleanness of my hands in His eyes.

25 With (AW)the kind You show Yourself kind;
With the [k]blameless (AX)You show Yourself blameless;
26 With the pure You show Yourself (AY)pure,
And with the crooked (AZ)You show Yourself [l]astute.
27 For You (BA)save an afflicted people,
But (BB)haughty eyes You abase.
28 For You (BC)light my lamp;
The Lord my God (BD)illumines my darkness.
29 For by You I can [m](BE)run upon a troop;
And by my God I can (BF)leap over a wall.

30 As for God, His way is [n](BG)blameless;
The (BH)word of the Lord is tried;
He is a (BI)shield to all who take refuge in Him.
31 For (BJ)who is God, but the Lord?
And who is a (BK)rock, except our God,
32 The God who (BL)girds me with strength
And [o]makes my way [p](BM)blameless?
33 He (BN)makes my feet like hinds’ feet,
And (BO)sets me upon my high places.
34 He (BP)trains my hands for battle,
So that my arms can (BQ)bend a bow of bronze.
35 You have also given me (BR)the shield of Your salvation,
And Your (BS)right hand upholds me;
And (BT)Your [q]gentleness makes me great.
36 You (BU)enlarge my steps under me,
And my [r](BV)feet have not slipped.

37 I (BW)pursued my enemies and overtook them,
And I did not turn back (BX)until they were consumed.
38 I shattered them, so that they were (BY)not able to rise;
They fell (BZ)under my feet.
39 For You have (CA)girded me with strength for battle;
You have [s](CB)subdued under me those who rose up against me.
40 You have also made my enemies (CC)turn their backs to me,
And I [t](CD)destroyed those who hated me.
41 They cried for help, but there was (CE)none to save,
Even to the Lord, but (CF)He did not answer them.
42 Then I beat them fine as the (CG)dust before the wind;
I emptied them out as the mire of the streets.

43 You have delivered me from the (CH)contentions of the people;
You have placed me as (CI)head of the nations;
A (CJ)people whom I have not known serve me.
44 As soon as they hear, they obey me;
Foreigners [u](CK)submit to me.
45 Foreigners (CL)fade away,
And (CM)come trembling out of their [v]fortresses.

46 The Lord (CN)lives, and blessed be (CO)my rock;
And exalted be (CP)the God of my salvation,
47 The God who (CQ)executes vengeance for me,
And (CR)subdues peoples under me.
48 He (CS)delivers me from my enemies;
Surely You (CT)lift me above those who rise up against me;
You rescue me from the (CU)violent man.
49 Therefore I will (CV)give thanks to You among the nations, O Lord,
And I will (CW)sing praises to Your name.
50 He gives great [w](CX)deliverance to His king,
And shows lovingkindness to (CY)His anointed,
To David and (CZ)his [x]descendants forever.

Footnotes

  1. Psalm 18:1 2 Sam 22:1-51
  2. Psalm 18:2 Or crag
  3. Psalm 18:4 Or destruction; Heb Belial
  4. Psalm 18:4 Or were assailing or terrifying
  5. Psalm 18:5 I.e. the nether world
  6. Psalm 18:8 Or in His wrath
  7. Psalm 18:11 Or pavilion
  8. Psalm 18:14 Lit confused
  9. Psalm 18:15 Or uncovered
  10. Psalm 18:23 Lit complete; or having integrity; or perfect
  11. Psalm 18:25 V 23, note 1
  12. Psalm 18:26 Lit twisted
  13. Psalm 18:29 Or crush a troop
  14. Psalm 18:30 V 23, note 1
  15. Psalm 18:32 Or has made
  16. Psalm 18:32 Lit complete; or having integrity
  17. Psalm 18:35 Or condescension
  18. Psalm 18:36 Lit ankles
  19. Psalm 18:39 Lit caused to bow down
  20. Psalm 18:40 Or silenced
  21. Psalm 18:44 Lit deceive me; i.e. give feigned obedience
  22. Psalm 18:45 Lit fastnesses
  23. Psalm 18:50 I.e. victories; lit salvations
  24. Psalm 18:50 Lit seed