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51 He killed the oldest son in each Egyptian family,
    the flower of youth throughout the land of Egypt.[a]

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Footnotes

  1. 78:51 Hebrew in the tents of Ham.

51 He struck down all the firstborn of Egypt,(A)
    the firstfruits of manhood in the tents of Ham.(B)

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He destroyed the firstborn in each Egyptian home,
    both people and animals.

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He struck down the firstborn(A) of Egypt,
    the firstborn of people and animals.

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23 Then Israel arrived in Egypt;
    Jacob lived as a foreigner in the land of Ham.

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23 Then Israel entered Egypt;(A)
    Jacob resided(B) as a foreigner in the land of Ham.(C)

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10 Give thanks to him who killed the firstborn of Egypt.
His faithful love endures forever.

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10 to him who struck down the firstborn(A) of Egypt
His love endures forever.

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22 such wonderful things in the land of Ham,
    such awesome deeds at the Red Sea.

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22 miracles in the land of Ham(A)
    and awesome deeds(B) by the Red Sea.

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36 Then he killed the oldest son in each Egyptian home,
    the pride and joy of each family.

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36 Then he struck down all the firstborn(A) in their land,
    the firstfruits of all their manhood.

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15 Pharaoh stubbornly refused to let us go, so the Lord killed all the firstborn males throughout the land of Egypt, both people and animals. That is why I now sacrifice all the firstborn males to the Lord—except that the firstborn sons are always bought back.’

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15 When Pharaoh stubbornly refused to let us go, the Lord killed the firstborn of both people and animals in Egypt. This is why I sacrifice to the Lord the first male offspring of every womb and redeem each of my firstborn sons.’(A)

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29 And that night at midnight, the Lord struck down all the firstborn sons in the land of Egypt, from the firstborn son of Pharaoh, who sat on his throne, to the firstborn son of the prisoner in the dungeon. Even the firstborn of their livestock were killed. 30 Pharaoh and all his officials and all the people of Egypt woke up during the night, and loud wailing was heard throughout the land of Egypt. There was not a single house where someone had not died.

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29 At midnight(A) the Lord(B) struck down all the firstborn(C) in Egypt, from the firstborn of Pharaoh, who sat on the throne, to the firstborn of the prisoner, who was in the dungeon, and the firstborn of all the livestock(D) as well. 30 Pharaoh and all his officials and all the Egyptians got up during the night, and there was loud wailing(E) in Egypt, for there was not a house without someone dead.

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12 On that night I will pass through the land of Egypt and strike down every firstborn son and firstborn male animal in the land of Egypt. I will execute judgment against all the gods of Egypt, for I am the Lord!

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12 “On that same night I will pass through(A) Egypt and strike down(B) every firstborn(C) of both people and animals, and I will bring judgment on all the gods(D) of Egypt. I am the Lord.(E)

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“Reuben, you are my firstborn, my strength,
    the child of my vigorous youth.
    You are first in rank and first in power.

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“Reuben, you are my firstborn,(A)
    my might, the first sign of my strength,(B)
    excelling in honor,(C) excelling in power.

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28 It was by faith that Moses commanded the people of Israel to keep the Passover and to sprinkle blood on the doorposts so that the angel of death would not kill their firstborn sons.

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28 By faith he kept the Passover and the application of blood, so that the destroyer(A) of the firstborn would not touch the firstborn of Israel.(B)

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27 They performed miraculous signs among the Egyptians,
    and wonders in the land of Ham.

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27 They performed(A) his signs(B) among them,
    his wonders(C) in the land of Ham.

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Descendants of Ham

The descendants of Ham were Cush, Mizraim, Put, and Canaan.

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