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you children of his servant Abraham,
    you descendants of Jacob, his chosen ones.

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you his servants, the descendants of Abraham,(A)
    his chosen(B) ones, the children of Jacob.

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44 “But now, listen to me, Jacob my servant,
    Israel my chosen one.
The Lord who made you and helps you says:
Do not be afraid, O Jacob, my servant,
    O dear Israel,[a] my chosen one.

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Footnotes

  1. 44:2 Hebrew Jeshurun, a term of endearment for Israel.

Israel the Chosen

44 “But now listen, Jacob, my servant,(A)
    Israel, whom I have chosen.(B)
This is what the Lord says—
    he who made(C) you, who formed you in the womb,(D)
    and who will help(E) you:
Do not be afraid,(F) Jacob, my servant,(G)
    Jeshurun,[a](H) whom I have chosen.

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Footnotes

  1. Isaiah 44:2 Jeshurun means the upright one, that is, Israel.

But you are not like that, for you are a chosen people. You are royal priests,[a] a holy nation, God’s very own possession. As a result, you can show others the goodness of God, for he called you out of the darkness into his wonderful light.

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Footnotes

  1. 2:9 Greek a royal priesthood.

But you are a chosen people,(A) a royal priesthood,(B) a holy nation,(C) God’s special possession,(D) that you may declare the praises of him who called you out of darkness into his wonderful light.(E)

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16 You didn’t choose me. I chose you. I appointed you to go and produce lasting fruit, so that the Father will give you whatever you ask for, using my name.

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16 You did not choose me, but I chose you and appointed you(A) so that you might go and bear fruit(B)—fruit that will last—and so that whatever you ask in my name the Father will give you.(C)

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14 Though you are a lowly worm, O Jacob,
    don’t be afraid, people of Israel, for I will help you.
I am the Lord, your Redeemer.
    I am the Holy One of Israel.’

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14 Do not be afraid,(A) you worm(B) Jacob,
    little Israel, do not fear,
for I myself will help(C) you,” declares the Lord,
    your Redeemer,(D) the Holy One(E) of Israel.

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“But as for you, Israel my servant,
    Jacob my chosen one,
    descended from Abraham my friend,

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“But you, Israel, my servant,(A)
    Jacob, whom I have chosen,(B)
    you descendants of Abraham(C) my friend,(D)

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For the Lord has chosen Jacob for himself,
    Israel for his own special treasure.

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For the Lord has chosen Jacob(A) to be his own,
    Israel to be his treasured possession.(B)

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Let me share in the prosperity of your chosen ones.
    Let me rejoice in the joy of your people;
    let me praise you with those who are your heritage.

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that I may enjoy the prosperity(A) of your chosen ones,(B)
    that I may share in the joy(C) of your nation
    and join your inheritance(D) in giving praise.

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42 For he remembered his sacred promise
    to his servant Abraham.

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42 For he remembered his holy promise(A)
    given to his servant Abraham.

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For you are a holy people, who belong to the Lord your God. Of all the people on earth, the Lord your God has chosen you to be his own special treasure.

“The Lord did not set his heart on you and choose you because you were more numerous than other nations, for you were the smallest of all nations! Rather, it was simply that the Lord loves you, and he was keeping the oath he had sworn to your ancestors. That is why the Lord rescued you with such a strong hand from your slavery and from the oppressive hand of Pharaoh, king of Egypt.

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For you are a people holy(A) to the Lord your God.(B) The Lord your God has chosen(C) you out of all the peoples on the face of the earth to be his people, his treasured possession.(D)

The Lord did not set his affection on you and choose you because you were more numerous(E) than other peoples, for you were the fewest(F) of all peoples.(G) But it was because the Lord loved(H) you and kept the oath he swore(I) to your ancestors that he brought you out with a mighty hand(J) and redeemed(K) you from the land of slavery,(L) from the power of Pharaoh king of Egypt.

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I am the God of your father[a]—the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob.” When Moses heard this, he covered his face because he was afraid to look at God.

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Footnotes

  1. 3:6 Greek version reads your fathers.

Then he said, “I am the God of your father,[a] the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac and the God of Jacob.”(A) At this, Moses hid(B) his face, because he was afraid to look at God.(C)

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Footnotes

  1. Exodus 3:6 Masoretic Text; Samaritan Pentateuch (see Acts 7:32) fathers

They are the people of Israel, chosen to be God’s adopted children.[a] God revealed his glory to them. He made covenants with them and gave them his law. He gave them the privilege of worshiping him and receiving his wonderful promises. Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob are their ancestors, and Christ himself was an Israelite as far as his human nature is concerned. And he is God, the one who rules over everything and is worthy of eternal praise! Amen.[b]

Well then, has God failed to fulfill his promise to Israel? No, for not all who are born into the nation of Israel are truly members of God’s people! Being descendants of Abraham doesn’t make them truly Abraham’s children. For the Scriptures say, “Isaac is the son through whom your descendants will be counted,”[c] though Abraham had other children, too. This means that Abraham’s physical descendants are not necessarily children of God. Only the children of the promise are considered to be Abraham’s children. For God had promised, “I will return about this time next year, and Sarah will have a son.”[d]

10 This son was our ancestor Isaac. When he married Rebekah, she gave birth to twins.[e] 11 But before they were born, before they had done anything good or bad, she received a message from God. (This message shows that God chooses people according to his own purposes; 12 he calls people, but not according to their good or bad works.) She was told, “Your older son will serve your younger son.”[f] 13 In the words of the Scriptures, “I loved Jacob, but I rejected Esau.”[g]

14 Are we saying, then, that God was unfair? Of course not! 15 For God said to Moses,

“I will show mercy to anyone I choose,
    and I will show compassion to anyone I choose.”[h]

16 So it is God who decides to show mercy. We can neither choose it nor work for it.

17 For the Scriptures say that God told Pharaoh, “I have appointed you for the very purpose of displaying my power in you and to spread my fame throughout the earth.”[i] 18 So you see, God chooses to show mercy to some, and he chooses to harden the hearts of others so they refuse to listen.

19 Well then, you might say, “Why does God blame people for not responding? Haven’t they simply done what he makes them do?”

20 No, don’t say that. Who are you, a mere human being, to argue with God? Should the thing that was created say to the one who created it, “Why have you made me like this?” 21 When a potter makes jars out of clay, doesn’t he have a right to use the same lump of clay to make one jar for decoration and another to throw garbage into? 22 In the same way, even though God has the right to show his anger and his power, he is very patient with those on whom his anger falls, who are destined for destruction. 23 He does this to make the riches of his glory shine even brighter on those to whom he shows mercy, who were prepared in advance for glory. 24 And we are among those whom he selected, both from the Jews and from the Gentiles.

25 Concerning the Gentiles, God says in the prophecy of Hosea,

“Those who were not my people,
    I will now call my people.
And I will love those
    whom I did not love before.”[j]

26 And,

“Then, at the place where they were told,
    ‘You are not my people,’
there they will be called
    ‘children of the living God.’”[k]

27 And concerning Israel, Isaiah the prophet cried out,

“Though the people of Israel are as numerous as the sand of the seashore,
    only a remnant will be saved.
28 For the Lord will carry out his sentence upon the earth
    quickly and with finality.”[l]

29 And Isaiah said the same thing in another place:

“If the Lord of Heaven’s Armies
    had not spared a few of our children,
we would have been wiped out like Sodom,
    destroyed like Gomorrah.”[m]

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Footnotes

  1. 9:4 Greek chosen for sonship.
  2. 9:5 Or May God, the one who rules over everything, be praised forever. Amen.
  3. 9:7 Gen 21:12.
  4. 9:9 Gen 18:10, 14.
  5. 9:10 Greek she conceived children through this one man.
  6. 9:12 Gen 25:23.
  7. 9:13 Mal 1:2-3.
  8. 9:15 Exod 33:19.
  9. 9:17 Exod 9:16 (Greek version).
  10. 9:25 Hos 2:23.
  11. 9:26 Greek sons of the living God. Hos 1:10.
  12. 9:27-28 Isa 10:22-23 (Greek version).
  13. 9:29 Isa 1:9 (Greek version).

the people of Israel.(A) Theirs is the adoption to sonship;(B) theirs the divine glory,(C) the covenants,(D) the receiving of the law,(E) the temple worship(F) and the promises.(G) Theirs are the patriarchs,(H) and from them is traced the human ancestry of the Messiah,(I) who is God over all,(J) forever praised![a](K) Amen.

God’s Sovereign Choice

It is not as though God’s word(L) had failed. For not all who are descended from Israel are Israel.(M) Nor because they are his descendants are they all Abraham’s children. On the contrary, “It is through Isaac that your offspring will be reckoned.”[b](N) In other words, it is not the children by physical descent who are God’s children,(O) but it is the children of the promise who are regarded as Abraham’s offspring.(P) For this was how the promise was stated: “At the appointed time I will return, and Sarah will have a son.”[c](Q)

10 Not only that, but Rebekah’s children were conceived at the same time by our father Isaac.(R) 11 Yet, before the twins were born or had done anything good or bad(S)—in order that God’s purpose(T) in election might stand: 12 not by works but by him who calls—she was told, “The older will serve the younger.”[d](U) 13 Just as it is written: “Jacob I loved, but Esau I hated.”[e](V)

14 What then shall we say?(W) Is God unjust? Not at all!(X) 15 For he says to Moses,

“I will have mercy on whom I have mercy,
    and I will have compassion on whom I have compassion.”[f](Y)

16 It does not, therefore, depend on human desire or effort, but on God’s mercy.(Z) 17 For Scripture says to Pharaoh: “I raised you up for this very purpose, that I might display my power in you and that my name might be proclaimed in all the earth.”[g](AA) 18 Therefore God has mercy on whom he wants to have mercy, and he hardens whom he wants to harden.(AB)

19 One of you will say to me:(AC) “Then why does God still blame us?(AD) For who is able to resist his will?”(AE) 20 But who are you, a human being, to talk back to God?(AF) “Shall what is formed say to the one who formed it,(AG) ‘Why did you make me like this?’”[h](AH) 21 Does not the potter have the right to make out of the same lump of clay some pottery for special purposes and some for common use?(AI)

22 What if God, although choosing to show his wrath and make his power known, bore with great patience(AJ) the objects of his wrath—prepared for destruction?(AK) 23 What if he did this to make the riches of his glory(AL) known to the objects of his mercy, whom he prepared in advance for glory(AM) 24 even us, whom he also called,(AN) not only from the Jews but also from the Gentiles?(AO) 25 As he says in Hosea:

“I will call them ‘my people’ who are not my people;
    and I will call her ‘my loved one’ who is not my loved one,”[i](AP)

26 and,

“In the very place where it was said to them,
    ‘You are not my people,’
    there they will be called ‘children of the living God.’”[j](AQ)

27 Isaiah cries out concerning Israel:

“Though the number of the Israelites be like the sand by the sea,(AR)
    only the remnant will be saved.(AS)
28 For the Lord will carry out
    his sentence on earth with speed and finality.”[k](AT)

29 It is just as Isaiah said previously:

“Unless the Lord Almighty(AU)
    had left us descendants,
we would have become like Sodom,
    we would have been like Gomorrah.”[l](AV)

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Footnotes

  1. Romans 9:5 Or Messiah, who is over all. God be forever praised! Or Messiah. God who is over all be forever praised!
  2. Romans 9:7 Gen. 21:12
  3. Romans 9:9 Gen. 18:10,14
  4. Romans 9:12 Gen. 25:23
  5. Romans 9:13 Mal. 1:2,3
  6. Romans 9:15 Exodus 33:19
  7. Romans 9:17 Exodus 9:16
  8. Romans 9:20 Isaiah 29:16; 45:9
  9. Romans 9:25 Hosea 2:23
  10. Romans 9:26 Hosea 1:10
  11. Romans 9:28 Isaiah 10:22,23 (see Septuagint)
  12. Romans 9:29 Isaiah 1:9