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Y mae drwg a welais dan haul, a hwnnw yn fawr ymysg dynion: Gŵr y rhoddodd Duw iddo gyfoeth, a golud, ac anrhydedd, heb arno eisiau dim i’w enaid a’r a ddymunai; a Duw heb roi gallu iddo i fwyta ohoni, ond estron a’i bwyty. Dyma wagedd, ac y mae yn ofid blin.

Os ennill gŵr gant o blant, ac a fydd byw lawer o flynyddoedd, fel y bo dyddiau ei flynyddoedd yn llawer, os ei enaid ni ddiwellir â daioni, ac oni bydd iddo gladdedigaeth; mi a ddywedaf, mai gwell yw erthyl nag ef. Canys mewn oferedd y daeth, ac yn y tywyllwch yr ymedy, a’i enw a guddir â thywyllwch. Yntau ni welodd mo’r haul, ac ni wybu ddim: mwy o lonyddwch sydd i hwn nag i’r llall.

Pe byddai efe fyw ddwy fil o flynyddoedd, eto ni welodd efe ddaioni: onid i’r un lle yr â pawb? Holl lafur dyn sydd dros ei enau, ac eto ni ddiwellir ei enaid ef. Canys pa ragoriaeth sydd i’r doeth mwy nag i’r annoeth? beth sydd i’r tlawd a fedr rodio gerbron y rhai byw?

Gwell yw golwg y llygaid nag ymdaith yr enaid. Hyn hefyd sydd wagedd a gorthrymder ysbryd. 10 Beth bynnag fu, y mae enw arno; ac y mae yn hysbys mai dyn yw efe: ac ni ddichon efe ymryson â’r neb sydd drech nag ef.

11 Gan fod llawer o bethau yn amlhau gwagedd, beth yw dyn well? 12 Canys pwy a ŵyr beth sydd dda i ddyn yn y bywyd hwn holl ddyddiau ei fywyd ofer, y rhai a dreulia efe fel cysgod? canys pwy a ddengys i ddyn beth a ddigwydd ar ei ôl ef dan yr haul?

I have seen another evil under the sun, and it weighs heavily on mankind: God gives some people wealth, possessions and honor, so that they lack nothing their hearts desire, but God does not grant them the ability to enjoy them,(A) and strangers enjoy them instead. This is meaningless, a grievous evil.(B)

A man may have a hundred children and live many years; yet no matter how long he lives, if he cannot enjoy his prosperity and does not receive proper burial, I say that a stillborn(C) child is better off than he.(D) It comes without meaning, it departs in darkness, and in darkness its name is shrouded. Though it never saw the sun or knew anything, it has more rest than does that man— even if he lives a thousand years twice over but fails to enjoy his prosperity. Do not all go to the same place?(E)

Everyone’s toil is for their mouth,
    yet their appetite is never satisfied.(F)
What advantage have the wise over fools?(G)
What do the poor gain
    by knowing how to conduct themselves before others?
Better what the eye sees
    than the roving of the appetite.
This too is meaningless,
    a chasing after the wind.(H)

10 Whatever exists has already been named,(I)
    and what humanity is has been known;
no one can contend
    with someone who is stronger.
11 The more the words,
    the less the meaning,
    and how does that profit anyone?

12 For who knows what is good for a person in life, during the few and meaningless days(J) they pass through like a shadow?(K) Who can tell them what will happen under the sun after they are gone?