Numbers 32
New English Translation
The Petition of the Reubenites and Gadites
32 [a] Now the Reubenites and the Gadites possessed a very large number of cattle. When they saw that the lands of Jazer and Gilead were ideal for cattle,[b] 2 the Gadites and the Reubenites came and addressed Moses, Eleazar the priest, and the leaders of the community. They said, 3 “Ataroth, Dibon, Jazer, Nimrah, Heshbon, Elealeh, Sebam,[c] Nebo, and Beon,[d] 4 the land that the Lord subdued[e] before the community of Israel, is ideal for cattle, and your servants have cattle.” 5 So they said, “If we have found favor in your sight,[f] let this land be given to your servants for our inheritance. Do not have us cross[g] the Jordan River.”[h]
Moses’ Response
6 Moses said to the Gadites and the Reubenites, “Must your brothers go to war while you[i] remain here? 7 Why do you frustrate the intent[j] of the Israelites to cross over into the land that the Lord has given them? 8 Your fathers did the same thing when I sent them from Kadesh Barnea to see the land. 9 When[k] they went up to the Eshcol Valley and saw the land, they frustrated the intent of the Israelites so that they did not enter[l] the land that the Lord had given[m] them. 10 So the anger of the Lord was kindled that day, and he swore, 11 ‘Because they have not followed me wholeheartedly,[n] not[o] one of the men twenty years old and upward[p] who came from Egypt will see the land that I swore to give[q] to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, 12 except Caleb son of Jephunneh the Kenizzite, and Joshua son of Nun, for they followed the Lord wholeheartedly.’ 13 So the Lord’s anger was kindled against the Israelites, and he made them wander in the wilderness for forty years, until all that generation that had done wickedly before[r] the Lord was finished.[s] 14 Now look, you are standing in your fathers’ place, a brood of sinners, to increase still further the fierce wrath of the Lord against the Israelites. 15 For if you turn away from following him, he will once again abandon[t] them in the wilderness, and you will be the reason for their destruction.”[u]
The Offer of the Reubenites and Gadites
16 Then they came very close to him and said, “We will build sheep folds here for our flocks and cities for our families,[v] 17 but we will maintain ourselves in armed readiness[w] and go before the Israelites until whenever we have brought them to their place. Our descendants will be living in fortified towns as a protection against[x] the inhabitants of the land. 18 We will not return to our homes until every Israelite has his inheritance. 19 For we will not accept any inheritance on the other side of the Jordan River[y] and beyond, because our inheritance has come to us on this eastern side of the Jordan.”
20 Then Moses replied,[z] “If you will do this thing, and if you will arm yourselves for battle before the Lord, 21 and if all your armed men cross the Jordan before the Lord until he drives out his enemies from his presence 22 and the land is subdued before the Lord, then afterward you may return and be free of your obligation to the Lord and to Israel. This land will then be your possession in the Lord’s sight.
23 “But if you do not do this, then look, you will have sinned[aa] against the Lord. And know that your sin will find you out. 24 So build cities for your descendants and pens for your sheep, but do what you have said[ab] you would do.”
25 So the Gadites and the Reubenites replied to Moses, “Your servants will do as my lord commands. 26 Our children, our wives, our flocks, and all our livestock will be there in the cities of Gilead, 27 but your servants will cross over, every man armed for war, to do battle in the Lord’s presence, just as my lord says.”
28 So Moses gave orders about them to Eleazar the priest, to Joshua son of Nun, and to the heads of the families of the Israelite tribes. 29 Moses said to them: “If the Gadites and the Reubenites cross the Jordan with you, each one equipped for battle in the Lord’s presence, and you conquer the land,[ac] then you must allot them the territory of Gilead as their possession. 30 But if they do not cross over with you armed, they must receive possessions among you in Canaan.” 31 Then the Gadites and the Reubenites answered, “Your servants will do what the Lord has spoken.[ad] 32 We will cross armed in the Lord’s presence into the land of Canaan, and then the possession of our inheritance that we inherit will be ours on this side of the Jordan River.”[ae]
Land Assignment
33 So Moses gave to the Gadites, the Reubenites, and to half the tribe of Manasseh son of Joseph the realm of King Sihon of the Amorites, and the realm of King Og of Bashan, the entire land with its cities and the territory surrounding them.[af] 34 The Gadites rebuilt Dibon, Ataroth, Aroer, 35 Atroth Shophan, Jazer, Jogbehah, 36 Beth Nimrah, and Beth Haran as fortified cities, and constructed pens for their flocks. 37 The Reubenites rebuilt Heshbon, Elealeh, Kiriathaim, 38 Nebo, Baal Meon (with a change of name), and Sibmah. They renamed[ag] the cities they built.
39 The descendants of Machir son of Manasseh went to Gilead, took it, and dispossessed the Amorites who were in it. 40 So Moses gave Gilead to Machir, son of Manasseh, and he lived there.[ah] 41 Now Jair son of Manasseh went and captured their small towns and named them Havvoth Jair.[ai] 42 Then Nobah went and captured Kenath and its villages and called it Nobah after his own name.
Footnotes
- Numbers 32:1 sn While the tribes are on the other side of Jordan, the matter of which tribes would settle there has to be discussed. This chapter begins the settlement of Israel into the tribal territories, something to be continued in Joshua. The chapter has the petitions (vv. 1-5), the response by Moses (vv. 6-15), the proposal (vv. 16-27), and the conclusion of the matter (vv. 28-42). For literature on this subject, both critical and conservative, see S. E. Loewenstein, “The Relation of the Settlement of Gad and Reuben in Numbers 32:1-38, Its Background and Its Composition,” Tarbiz 42 (1972): 12-26; J. Mauchline, “Gilead and Gilgal, Some Reflections on the Israelite Occupation of Palestine,” VT 6 (1956): 19-33; and A. Bergmann, “The Israelite Tribe of Half-Manasseh,” JPOS 16 (1936): 224-54.
- Numbers 32:1 tn Heb “the place was a place of/for cattle.”
- Numbers 32:3 tc Smr and the LXX have Sibmah. Cf. v. 38.
- Numbers 32:3 tn Cf. Baal Meon in v. 38.
- Numbers 32:4 tn The verb is the Hiphil perfect of נָכָה (nakhah), a term that can mean “smite, strike, attack, destroy.”
- Numbers 32:5 tn Heb “eyes.”
- Numbers 32:5 tn The verb is the Hiphil jussive from עָבַר (ʿavar, “to cross over”). The idea of “cause to cross” or “make us cross” might be too harsh, but “take across” with the rest of the nation is what they are trying to avoid.
- Numbers 32:5 tn The word “River” is not in the Hebrew text, but has been supplied in the translation for clarity.
- Numbers 32:6 tn The vav (ו) is a vav disjunctive prefixed to the pronoun; it fits best here as a circumstantial clause, “while you stay here.”
- Numbers 32:7 tn Heb “heart.” So also in v. 9.
- Numbers 32:9 tn The preterite with vav (ו) consecutive is here subordinated to the parallel yet chronologically later verb in the next clause.
- Numbers 32:9 tn The infinitive construct here with ל (lamed) is functioning as a result clause.
- Numbers 32:9 tn The Lord had not given it yet, but was going to give it. Hence, the perfect should be classified as a perfect of resolve.
- Numbers 32:11 tn The clause is difficult; it means essentially that “they have not made full [their coming] after” the Lord.
- Numbers 32:11 tn The sentence begins with “if they see….” This is the normal way for Hebrew to express a negative oath—“they will by no means see….” The sentence is elliptical; it is saying something like “[May God do so to me] if they see,” meaning they won’t see. Of course here God is taking the oath, which is an anthropomorphic act. He does not need to take an oath, and certainly could not swear by anyone greater, but it communicates to people his resolve.
- Numbers 32:11 tc The LXX adds “those knowing bad and good.”
- Numbers 32:11 tn The words “to give” are not in the Hebrew text but have been supplied in the translation for clarity.
- Numbers 32:13 tn Heb “in the eyes of.”
- Numbers 32:13 tn The verb is difficult to translate, since it has the idea of “complete, finish” (תָּמָם, tamam). It could be translated “consumed” in this passage (so KJV, ASV); NASB “was destroyed.”
- Numbers 32:15 tn The construction uses a verbal hendiadys with the verb “to add” serving to modify the main verb.
- Numbers 32:15 tn Heb “and you will destroy all this people.”
- Numbers 32:16 tn Heb “our little ones.”
- Numbers 32:17 tn The MT has חֻשִׁים (khushim); the verbal root is חוּשׁ (khush, “to make haste” or “hurry”). But in light of the Greek and Latin Vulgate the Hebrew should probably be emended to חֲמֻשִׁים (hamushim), a qal passive participle meaning “in battle array.” See further BDB 301 s.v. I חוּשׁ, BDB 332 s.v. חֲמֻשִׁים; HALOT 300 s.v. I חושׁ, חישׁ; HALOT 331 s.v. I חמשׁ.
- Numbers 32:17 tn Heb “from before.”
- Numbers 32:19 tn The word “River” is not in the Hebrew text, but has been supplied in the translation for clarity.
- Numbers 32:20 tn Heb “said to them.”
- Numbers 32:23 tn The nuance of the perfect tense here has to be the future perfect.
- Numbers 32:24 tn Heb “that which goes out/has gone out of your mouth.”
- Numbers 32:29 tn Heb “and the land is subdued before you.”
- Numbers 32:31 tn Heb “that which the Lord has spoken to your servants, thus we will do.”
- Numbers 32:32 tn The word “River” is not in the Hebrew text, but has been supplied in the translation for clarity.
- Numbers 32:33 tn Heb “the land with its cities in the borders of the cities of the land all around.”
- Numbers 32:38 tn Heb “called names.”
- Numbers 32:40 tn Heb “in it.”
- Numbers 32:41 sn Havvoth Jair. The Hebrew name means “villages of Jair.”
Bilang 32
Ang Salita ng Dios (Tagalog Contemporary Bible)
Ang mga Lahi sa Silangan ng Ilog ng Jordan(A)
32 Napakaraming hayop ng mga lahi nina Reuben at Gad. Kaya nang makita nila na masagana ang lupain ng Jazer at Gilead para sa mga hayop 2 nagpunta sila kina Moises, Eleazar at sa mga pinuno ng mamamayan ng Israel at sinabi, 3 “Ang Atarot, Dibon, Jazer, Nimra, Heshbon, Eleale, Sebam, Nebo at Beon – 4 ang mga lugar na sinakop ng Panginoon sa pamamagitan ng mga Israelita – ay mabuting lugar para sa mga hayop at kami na mga alagad ninyo ay napakaraming hayop. 5 Kaya kung nalulugod kayo sa amin, ibigay ninyo ang mga lupaing ito sa amin, bilang bahagi namin at huwag na ninyo kaming dalhin sa kabila ng Ilog ng Jordan.”
6 Sinabi ni Moises sa mga lahi nina Gad at Reuben, “Ano ang ibig ninyong sabihin, magpapaiwan na lang kayo rito habang ang mga kapwa ninyo Israelita ay pupunta sa labanan? 7 Pahihinain lang ninyo ang loob ng mga Israelita na pumunta sa lupaing ibinigay ng Panginoon sa kanila. 8 Ganito rin ang ginawa noon ng inyong mga ninuno nang ipinadala ko sila mula sa Kadesh Barnea para tingnan ang lupaing ito. 9 Nang makarating sila sa Lambak ng Eshcol, at nakita nila ang lupain, pinahina nila ang loob ng mga Israelita na pumunta sa lupaing ibinigay ng Panginoon sa kanila. 10 Matindi ang galit ng Panginoon nang araw na iyon at sumumpa siya: 11 ‘Dahil sa hindi sila sumunod sa akin nang buong puso nila, wala ni isa man sa kanila na 20 taong gulang pataas na nagmula sa Egipto, ang makakakita ng lupaing ipinangako ko kay Abraham, Isaac, at Jacob, 12 maliban lang kay Caleb na anak ni Jefune na Kenizeo at kay Josue na anak ni Nun, dahil sumunod sila sa akin nang buong puso nila.’ 13 Nagalit nang matindi ang Panginoon sa mga Israelita, kaya pinaikot-ikot niya sila sa ilang sa loob ng 40 taon hanggang sa nangamatay ang buong henerasyon na gumawa ng masama sa kanyang paningin.
14 “At ngayon, kayo namang lahi ng mga makasalanan ang pumalit sa inyong mga ninuno at dinagdagan pa ninyo ang galit ng Panginoon sa mga Israelita. 15 Kung hindi kayo susunod sa Panginoon, pababayaan niyang muli kayong mga mamamayan dito sa ilang at kayo ang magiging dahilan ng pagkalipol ng mga Israelita.”
16 Pero lumapit pa sila kay Moises at sinabi, “Gagawa na lang po kami rito ng mga kulungan para sa aming mga hayop at mga lungsod para sa aming mga kababaihan at anak. 17 Pero handa po kaming pangunahan ang aming mga kapwa Israelita sa pakikipaglaban hanggang sa madala namin sila sa kanilang mga lugar. Habang nakikipaglaban kami, dito po maninirahan ang aming mga anak sa napapaderang lungsod na aming ipapatayo para maging ligtas sila sa mga naninirahan sa lupaing ito. 18 Hindi po kami uuwi hanggang sa matanggap ng lahat ng mga Israelita ang lupaing kanilang mamanahin. 19 Pero ayaw naming makatanggap ng lupa kasama nila sa kabila ng Jordan. Mas gusto po namin dito sa bandang silangan ng Jordan dahil nakakuha na kami ng parte namin dito sa silangan ng Jordan.”
20 Sinabi ni Moises sa kanila, “Kung talagang gagawin ninyo yan, na handa kayo sa pakikipaglaban kasama ang Panginoon, 21 at tatawid ang lahat ng sundalo ninyo sa Jordan hanggang sa maitaboy ng Panginoon ang kanyang mga kaaway 22 at maangkin ang lupa, maaari na kayong makabalik dito dahil natupad na ninyo ang inyong tungkulin sa Panginoon at sa kapwa ninyo Israelita. At magiging inyo na ang lupaing ito sa harapan ng Panginoon.
23 “Pero kung hindi ninyo ito gagawin, magkakasala kayo sa Panginoon at siguradong pagbabayaran ninyo ang inyong mga kasalanan. 24 Sige, magtayo kayo ng mga lungsod para sa inyong mga asawaʼt anak at gumawa ng mga kulungan para sa inyong mga hayop, pero dapat ninyong tuparin ang inyong ipinangako.”
25 Sumagot ang mga lahi nina Gad at Reuben kay Moises, “Susundin namin ang inyong mga utos. 26 Maiiwan dito sa mga lungsod ng Gilead ang aming mga asawa, mga anak at mga hayop. 27 Pero kami na iyong mga lingkod na may kakayahang makipaglaban ay tatawid sa Jordan para makipaglaban ayon sa utos mo sa amin.”
28 Kaya nag-utos si Moises sa paring si Eleazar, kay Josue na anak ni Nun at sa mga pinuno ng lahi ng Israel. 29 Sinabi niya, “Kung ang mga tauhan ng lahi nina Gad at Reuben na may kakayahang makipaglaban ay tatawid sa Jordan para sumama sa pakikipaglaban sa laban ng Panginoon at kung maagaw na ninyo ang lupaing iyon, ibigay ninyo sa kanila ang lupain ng Gilead bilang lupain nila. 30 Pero kung hindi sila tatawid kasama ninyo dapat silang tumanggap ng lupa kasama ninyo, roon sa lupain ng Canaan.”
31 Sinabi ng mga lahi nina Gad at Reuben, “Susundin namin kung ano ang sinabi ng Panginoon. 32 Tatawid kami sa Jordan sa presensya ng Panginoon, pero ang mamanahin naming lupain ay ang nasa silangan sa tabi ng Jordan.”
33 Kaya ibinigay ni Moises sa mga lahi nina Gad, Reuben at sa kalahati ng lahi ni Manase na anak ni Jose ang kaharian ni Sihon na hari ng mga Amoreo at ang kaharian ni Haring Og ng Bashan – ang buong lupain pati na ang lungsod at mga teritoryo sa palibot nito.
34 Itinayong muli ng lahi ni Gad ang Dibon, Atarot, Aroer, 35 Atrot Shofan, Jazer, Jogbeha, 36 Bet Nimra at Bet Haran. Ang mga lungsod na ito ay pinalibutan nila ng pader. Gumawa rin sila ng mga kulungan para sa kanilang mga hayop. 37 At itinayong muli ng mga lahi ni Reuben ang Heshbon, Eleale, Kiriataim 38 pati ang mga lugar na tinatawag noon na Nebo at Baal Meon at ang Sibma. Pinalitan nila ang mga pangalan ng mga lungsod na muli nilang itinayo.
39 Sinalakay ng mga angkan ni Makir na anak ni Manase ang Gilead at naagaw nila ito, at itinaboy nila ang mga Amoreo na naninirahan doon. 40 Kaya ibinigay ni Moises ang Gilead sa mga angkan ni Makir, na lahi rin ni Manase at doon sila nanirahan. 41 Naagaw ni Jair na mula rin sa lahi ni Manase, ang mga baryo sa Gilead at tinawag niya itong, “Mga Bayan ni Jair”. 42 Naagaw ni Noba ang Kenat at ang mga baryo sa palibot nito at tinawag niya itong, “Noba” ayon sa pangalan niya.
Numbers 32
New International Version
The Transjordan Tribes
32 The Reubenites and Gadites, who had very large herds and flocks,(A) saw that the lands of Jazer(B) and Gilead(C) were suitable for livestock.(D) 2 So they came to Moses and Eleazar the priest and to the leaders of the community,(E) and said, 3 “Ataroth,(F) Dibon,(G) Jazer,(H) Nimrah,(I) Heshbon,(J) Elealeh,(K) Sebam,(L) Nebo(M) and Beon(N)— 4 the land the Lord subdued(O) before the people of Israel—are suitable for livestock,(P) and your servants have livestock. 5 If we have found favor in your eyes,” they said, “let this land be given to your servants as our possession. Do not make us cross the Jordan.(Q)”
6 Moses said to the Gadites and Reubenites, “Should your fellow Israelites go to war while you sit here? 7 Why do you discourage the Israelites from crossing over into the land the Lord has given them?(R) 8 This is what your fathers did when I sent them from Kadesh Barnea to look over the land.(S) 9 After they went up to the Valley of Eshkol(T) and viewed the land, they discouraged the Israelites from entering the land the Lord had given them. 10 The Lord’s anger was aroused(U) that day and he swore this oath:(V) 11 ‘Because they have not followed me wholeheartedly, not one of those who were twenty years old or more(W) when they came up out of Egypt(X) will see the land I promised on oath(Y) to Abraham, Isaac and Jacob(Z)— 12 not one except Caleb son of Jephunneh the Kenizzite and Joshua son of Nun, for they followed the Lord wholeheartedly.’(AA) 13 The Lord’s anger burned against Israel(AB) and he made them wander in the wilderness forty years, until the whole generation of those who had done evil in his sight was gone.(AC)
14 “And here you are, a brood of sinners, standing in the place of your fathers and making the Lord even more angry with Israel.(AD) 15 If you turn away from following him, he will again leave all this people in the wilderness, and you will be the cause of their destruction.(AE)”
16 Then they came up to him and said, “We would like to build pens(AF) here for our livestock(AG) and cities for our women and children. 17 But we will arm ourselves for battle[a] and go ahead of the Israelites(AH) until we have brought them to their place.(AI) Meanwhile our women and children will live in fortified cities, for protection from the inhabitants of the land. 18 We will not return to our homes until each of the Israelites has received their inheritance.(AJ) 19 We will not receive any inheritance with them on the other side of the Jordan, because our inheritance(AK) has come to us on the east side of the Jordan.”(AL)
20 Then Moses said to them, “If you will do this—if you will arm yourselves before the Lord for battle(AM) 21 and if all of you who are armed cross over the Jordan before the Lord until he has driven his enemies out before him(AN)— 22 then when the land is subdued before the Lord, you may return(AO) and be free from your obligation to the Lord and to Israel. And this land will be your possession(AP) before the Lord.(AQ)
23 “But if you fail to do this, you will be sinning against the Lord; and you may be sure that your sin will find you out.(AR) 24 Build cities for your women and children, and pens for your flocks,(AS) but do what you have promised.(AT)”
25 The Gadites and Reubenites said to Moses, “We your servants will do as our lord commands.(AU) 26 Our children and wives, our flocks and herds will remain here in the cities of Gilead.(AV) 27 But your servants, every man who is armed for battle, will cross over to fight(AW) before the Lord, just as our lord says.”
28 Then Moses gave orders about them(AX) to Eleazar the priest and Joshua son of Nun(AY) and to the family heads of the Israelite tribes.(AZ) 29 He said to them, “If the Gadites and Reubenites, every man armed for battle, cross over the Jordan with you before the Lord, then when the land is subdued before you,(BA) you must give them the land of Gilead as their possession.(BB) 30 But if they do not cross over(BC) with you armed, they must accept their possession with you in Canaan.(BD)”
31 The Gadites and Reubenites answered, “Your servants will do what the Lord has said.(BE) 32 We will cross over before the Lord into Canaan armed,(BF) but the property we inherit will be on this side of the Jordan.(BG)”
33 Then Moses gave to the Gadites,(BH) the Reubenites and the half-tribe of Manasseh(BI) son of Joseph the kingdom of Sihon king of the Amorites(BJ) and the kingdom of Og king of Bashan(BK)—the whole land with its cities and the territory around them.(BL)
34 The Gadites built up Dibon, Ataroth, Aroer,(BM) 35 Atroth Shophan, Jazer,(BN) Jogbehah,(BO) 36 Beth Nimrah(BP) and Beth Haran as fortified cities, and built pens for their flocks.(BQ) 37 And the Reubenites rebuilt Heshbon,(BR) Elealeh(BS) and Kiriathaim,(BT) 38 as well as Nebo(BU) and Baal Meon (these names were changed) and Sibmah.(BV) They gave names to the cities they rebuilt.
39 The descendants of Makir(BW) son of Manasseh went to Gilead,(BX) captured it and drove out the Amorites(BY) who were there. 40 So Moses gave Gilead to the Makirites,(BZ) the descendants of Manasseh, and they settled there. 41 Jair,(CA) a descendant of Manasseh, captured their settlements and called them Havvoth Jair.[b](CB) 42 And Nobah captured Kenath(CC) and its surrounding settlements and called it Nobah(CD) after himself.(CE)
Footnotes
- Numbers 32:17 Septuagint; Hebrew will be quick to arm ourselves
- Numbers 32:41 Or them the settlements of Jair
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