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Chapter 20

Death of Miriam.[a] The people of Israel, the whole assembly, came into the Desert of Zin in the first month,[b] and the people stayed in Kadesh. It was there that Miriam died and was buried.

The Need for Water. The community had no water, and they gathered together against Moses and Aaron. They argued with Moses and said, “Would that we would have died when our brothers fell before the Lord. Why have you brought the assembly of the Lord into this wilderness so that we die here, both we and our cattle? Why have you made us come out of Egypt to this evil place? It has no grain, or figs, or vines, or pomegranates. There is no water to drink!”

Moses and Aaron Sin. Moses and Aaron went from in front of the assembly to the entrance of the tent of meeting. They fell upon their faces, and the glory of the Lord appeared to them.

The Lord spoke to Moses, saying, “Take the staff, and you and Aaron your brother are to gather the assembly together. Speak to the rock in their sight and it will pour forth water. You will bring forth water from the rock for the assembly and their animals to drink.”

Moses took the staff from before the Lord, as he had been commanded. 10 Then Moses and Aaron gathered the assembly before the rock and he said to them, “Hear now, you rebels! Must we bring forth water out of this rock for you?” 11 [c]Then Moses lifted up his arm and he struck the rock with his staff twice. Water came gushing out, and the community and their animals drank.

12 But the Lord said to Moses and Aaron, “Because you have not trusted and hallowed me in the eyes of the people of Israel, you will not lead this community into the land that I have given them. 13 This is the water of Meribah, because the people of Israel quarreled with the Lord, and he showed himself to be bold among them.”[d]

14 Israel Denied Passage.[e] Moses sent messengers from Kadesh to the king of Edom saying, “Thus says Israel, your brother, ‘You know all the hardships that have come upon us. 15 Our ancestors went down to Egypt and lived there for many years. The Egyptians mistreated us and our fathers. 16 When we cried out, he heard our voice and sent an angel to bring us out of Egypt. We are now in Kadesh, a town at the edge of your territory. 17 Please, let us pass through your land. We will not walk through the vineyards nor drink from the wells. We will pass along the King’s Highway, and we will not turn to the right nor to the left until we have crossed over your borders.’ ”

18 But Edom said, “You will not pass through. Otherwise, I will come out against you with the sword.”

19 The people of Israel replied, “We will go along the main road. If my cattle drink from your water, I will pay for it. Only let me pass through on foot, nothing else.” 20 But he said, “You will not pass through.” Edom came out against the people with a great and powerful force. 21 Since Edom refused to let Israel pass through its territory, Israel turned away from it.

22 The Death of Aaron. When they left Kadesh, the whole assembly of the people of Israel came to Mount Hor. 23 The Lord spoke to Moses and Aaron at Mount Hor near the border of Edom and said, 24 “Aaron is going to be gathered to his people.[f] He will not enter the land that I have promised to the people of Israel because you disobeyed my command at the waters of Meribah. 25 Take Aaron and his son Eleazar up Mount Hor. 26 Take Aaron’s garments off and put them on Eleazar, his son. Aaron is to be gathered to his people; he will die there.”

27 So Moses did as the Lord had commanded. They went up Mount Hor in the sight of the assembly. 28 Moses removed Aaron’s garments and he put them upon Eleazar, his son. Aaron died on top of the mountain, and Moses and Eleazar then came down the mountain. 29 The whole assembly learned that Aaron had died. The whole house of Israel mourned for Aaron for thirty days.

Footnotes

  1. Numbers 20:1 God will rebuke Moses for not having faith, probably because his act of striking the rock with his staff may have looked too much like an act of magic. But it may also be that the editor was taking into account other traditions of which traces can be found in the Bible (Ex 17; Deut 1:37; Ps 106:32), in order to conceal a greater act of distrust on the part of the head of the community. The rock is an image for God and a symbol of Christ (Ps 18:2; Jn 7:38; 1 Cor 10:4).
  2. Numbers 20:1 First month: according to verses 22-29, this chapter covers the last of the 40 years in the desert after the Exodus. By this time there would have been a complete turnover of those 20 years and older who had been in the desert for the whole time.
  3. Numbers 20:11 The miraculous issue of water from the rock is accomplished by Moses apart from the Lord’s instruction to speak to the rock. Moses is immediately chastised for his disobedience—both he and Aaron being denied entrance into the Promised Land.
  4. Numbers 20:13 Hebrew allows the word Meribah and the word meaning quarrel to be interchanged.
  5. Numbers 20:14 According to the Fathers of the Church, the king of Edom is a prefiguration of those who do not accept the gospel.
  6. Numbers 20:24 Gathered to his people: this phrase indicated Aaron’s impending death. Both he and Moses having rebelled against God (v. 12) would die.

Water From the Rock

20 In the first month the whole Israelite community arrived at the Desert of Zin,(A) and they stayed at Kadesh.(B) There Miriam(C) died and was buried.

Now there was no water(D) for the community,(E) and the people gathered in opposition(F) to Moses and Aaron. They quarreled(G) with Moses and said, “If only we had died when our brothers fell dead(H) before the Lord!(I) Why did you bring the Lord’s community into this wilderness,(J) that we and our livestock should die here?(K) Why did you bring us up out of Egypt to this terrible place? It has no grain or figs, grapevines or pomegranates.(L) And there is no water to drink!(M)

Moses and Aaron went from the assembly to the entrance to the tent of meeting(N) and fell facedown,(O) and the glory of the Lord(P) appeared to them. The Lord said to Moses, “Take the staff,(Q) and you and your brother Aaron gather the assembly together. Speak to that rock before their eyes and it will pour out its water.(R) You will bring water out of the rock for the community so they and their livestock can drink.”

So Moses took the staff(S) from the Lord’s presence,(T) just as he commanded him. 10 He and Aaron gathered the assembly together(U) in front of the rock and Moses said to them, “Listen, you rebels, must we bring you water out of this rock?”(V) 11 Then Moses raised his arm and struck the rock twice with his staff. Water(W) gushed out, and the community and their livestock drank.

12 But the Lord said to Moses and Aaron, “Because you did not trust in me enough to honor me as holy(X) in the sight of the Israelites, you will not bring this community into the land I give them.”(Y)

13 These were the waters of Meribah,[a](Z) where the Israelites quarreled(AA) with the Lord and where he was proved holy among them.(AB)

Edom Denies Israel Passage

14 Moses sent messengers from Kadesh(AC) to the king of Edom,(AD) saying:

“This is what your brother Israel says: You know(AE) about all the hardships(AF) that have come on us. 15 Our ancestors went down into Egypt,(AG) and we lived there many years.(AH) The Egyptians mistreated(AI) us and our ancestors, 16 but when we cried out to the Lord, he heard our cry(AJ) and sent an angel(AK) and brought us out of Egypt.(AL)

“Now we are here at Kadesh, a town on the edge of your territory.(AM) 17 Please let us pass through your country. We will not go through any field or vineyard, or drink water from any well. We will travel along the King’s Highway and not turn to the right or to the left until we have passed through your territory.(AN)

18 But Edom(AO) answered:

“You may not pass through here; if you try, we will march out and attack you with the sword.(AP)

19 The Israelites replied:

“We will go along the main road, and if we or our livestock(AQ) drink any of your water, we will pay for it.(AR) We only want to pass through on foot—nothing else.”

20 Again they answered:

“You may not pass through.(AS)

Then Edom(AT) came out against them with a large and powerful army. 21 Since Edom refused to let them go through their territory,(AU) Israel turned away from them.(AV)

The Death of Aaron

22 The whole Israelite community set out from Kadesh(AW) and came to Mount Hor.(AX) 23 At Mount Hor, near the border of Edom,(AY) the Lord said to Moses and Aaron, 24 “Aaron will be gathered to his people.(AZ) He will not enter the land I give the Israelites, because both of you rebelled against my command(BA) at the waters of Meribah.(BB) 25 Get Aaron and his son Eleazar and take them up Mount Hor.(BC) 26 Remove Aaron’s garments(BD) and put them on his son Eleazar, for Aaron will be gathered to his people;(BE) he will die there.”

27 Moses did as the Lord commanded: They went up Mount Hor(BF) in the sight of the whole community. 28 Moses removed Aaron’s garments and put them on his son Eleazar.(BG) And Aaron died there(BH) on top of the mountain. Then Moses and Eleazar came down from the mountain, 29 and when the whole community learned that Aaron had died,(BI) all the Israelites mourned for him(BJ) thirty days.

Footnotes

  1. Numbers 20:13 Meribah means quarreling.

Mort de Marie; les eaux de Mériba

20 Toute l’assemblée des enfants d’Israël arriva dans le désert de Tsin le premier mois, et le peuple s’arrêta à Kadès. C’est là que mourut Marie, et qu’elle fut enterrée.

Il n’y avait point d’eau pour l’assemblée; et l’on se souleva contre Moïse et Aaron. Le peuple chercha querelle à Moïse. Ils dirent: Que n’avons-nous expiré, quand nos frères expirèrent devant l’Eternel? Pourquoi avez-vous fait venir l’assemblée de l’Eternel dans ce désert, pour que nous y mourions, nous et notre bétail? Pourquoi nous avez-vous fait monter hors d’Egypte, pour nous amener dans ce méchant lieu? Ce n’est pas un lieu où l’on puisse semer, et il n’y a ni figuier, ni vigne, ni grenadier, ni de l’eau à boire.

Moïse et Aaron s’éloignèrent de l’assemblée pour aller à l’entrée de la tente d’assignation. Ils tombèrent sur leur visage; et la gloire de l’Eternel leur apparut.

L’Eternel parla à Moïse, et dit: Prends la verge, et convoque l’assemblée, toi et ton frère Aaron. Vous parlerez en leur présence au rocher, et il donnera ses eaux; tu feras sortir pour eux de l’eau du rocher, et tu abreuveras l’assemblée et leur bétail. Moïse prit la verge qui était devant l’Eternel, comme l’Eternel le lui avait ordonné. 10 Moïse et Aaron convoquèrent l’assemblée en face du rocher. Et Moïse leur dit: Ecoutez donc, rebelles! Est-ce de ce rocher que nous vous ferons sortir de l’eau? 11 Puis Moïse leva la main et frappa deux fois le rocher avec sa verge. Il sortit de l’eau en abondance. L’assemblée but, et le bétail aussi.

12 Alors l’Eternel dit à Moïse et à Aaron: Parce que vous n’avez pas cru en moi, pour me sanctifier aux yeux des enfants d’Israël, vous ne ferez point entrer cette assemblée dans le pays que je lui donne.

13 Ce sont les eaux de Meriba[a], où les enfants d’Israël contestèrent avec l’Eternel, qui fut sanctifié en eux.

Opposition d’Edom

14 De Kadès, Moïse envoya des messagers au roi d’Edom, pour lui dire: Ainsi parle ton frère Israël: Tu sais toutes les souffrances que nous avons éprouvées. 15 Nos pères descendirent en Egypte, et nous y demeurâmes longtemps. Mais les Egyptiens nous ont maltraités, nous et nos pères. 16 Nous avons crié à l’Eternel, et il a entendu notre voix. Il a envoyé un ange, et nous a fait sortir de l’Egypte. Et voici, nous sommes à Kadès, ville à l’extrémité de ton territoire. 17 Laisse-nous passer par ton pays; nous ne traverserons ni les champs, ni les vignes, et nous ne boirons pas l’eau des puits; nous suivrons la route royale, sans nous détourner à droite ou à gauche, jusqu’à ce que nous ayons franchi ton territoire. 18 Edom lui dit: Tu ne passeras point chez moi, sinon je sortirai à ta rencontre avec l’épée. 19 Les enfants d’Israël lui dirent: Nous monterons par la grande route; et, si nous buvons de ton eau, moi et mes troupeaux, j’en paierai le prix; je ne ferai que passer avec mes pieds, pas autre chose. 20 Il répondit: Tu ne passeras pas! Et Edom sortit à sa rencontre avec un peuple nombreux et à main forte. 21 Ainsi Edom refusa de donner passage à Israël par son territoire. Et Israël se détourna de lui.

22 Toute l’assemblée des enfants d’Israël partit de Kadès, et arriva à la montagne de Hor.

Mort d’Aaron

23 L’Eternel dit à Moïse et à Aaron, vers la montagne de Hor, sur la frontière du pays d’Edom: 24 Aaron va être recueilli auprès de son peuple; car il n’entrera point dans le pays que je donne aux enfants d’Israël, parce que vous avez été rebelles à mon ordre, aux eaux de Meriba. 25 Prends Aaron et son fils Eléazar, et fais-les monter sur la montagne de Hor. 26 Dépouille Aaron de ses vêtements, et fais-les revêtir à Eléazar, son fils. C’est là qu’Aaron sera recueilli et qu’il mourra. 27 Moïse fit ce que l’Eternel avait ordonné. Ils montèrent sur la montagne de Hor, aux yeux de toute l’assemblée. 28 Moïse dépouilla Aaron de ses vêtements, et les fit revêtir à Eléazar, son fils. Aaron mourut là, au sommet de la montagne. Moïse et Eléazar descendirent de la montagne. 29 Toute l’assemblée vit qu’Aaron avait expiré, et toute la maison d’Israël pleura Aaron pendant trente jours.

Footnotes

  1. Nombres 20:13 Mériba, litt. querelle, contestation; Ex 17:7