Les premières crises

Les Israélites se plaignent

11 Un jour, le peuple adressa d’amères plaintes à l’Eternel. Lorsqu’il les entendit, il se mit en colère et déchaîna la foudre contre eux. Déjà, le feu dévorait une extrémité du camp.

Le peuple implora Moïse à grands cris ; celui-ci pria l’Eternel, et le feu s’arrêta. On appela ce lieu Tabeéra, parce que le feu de l’Eternel s’était embrasé contre le peuple.

Il y avait parmi le peuple un ramassis d’individus qui furent saisis de toutes sortes de désirs. Alors les Israélites, à leur tour, recommencèrent à pleurer en disant : Ah ! Si seulement nous pouvions manger de la viande ! Nous regrettons le poisson qu’on mangeait pour rien en Egypte ! Et les concombres ! Et les melons ! Et les poireaux ! Et les oignons ! Et l’ail ! A présent, nous dépérissons. Nous sommes privés de tout, rien que de la manne, toujours de la manne !

La manne ressemblait à de la graine de coriandre, elle était transparente comme de la résine de bdellium[a]. Le peuple se dispersait pour la ramasser ; puis on la broyait à la meule ou la pilait au mortier, et on la faisait cuire dans des pots pour en faire des galettes qui avaient un goût de gâteau à l’huile. Elle se déposait la nuit sur le camp avec la rosée[b].

10 Chaque famille se lamentait à l’entrée de sa tente. Moïse entendit le peuple pleurer, et l’Eternel entra dans une grande colère. Moïse en fut très affecté. 11 Il dit à l’Eternel : Pourquoi fais-tu du mal à ton serviteur ? Pourquoi ne m’accordes-tu pas ta faveur ? Comment peux-tu m’imposer la charge de tout ce peuple ? 12 Est-ce moi qui ai conçu tout ce peuple ? Est-ce moi qui l’ai mis au monde pour que tu me dises : « Porte-le sur ton cœur comme une nourrice porte le bébé qu’elle allaite, et cela jusqu’au pays que tu as promis à ses ancêtres » ? 13 Où trouverai-je de la viande pour la distribuer à tous ces gens qui pleurent autour de moi en disant : « Donne-nous de la viande à manger ! » 14 Je ne suis pas capable de porter, à moi seul, la responsabilité de tout ce peuple. C’est trop lourd pour moi ! 15 Si tu veux bien m’accorder une faveur, prends ma vie plutôt que de me traiter ainsi, et que je n’aie plus à contempler mon malheur.

Les soixante-dix responsables du peuple adjoints à Moïse

16 L’Eternel répondit à Moïse : Rassemble-moi soixante-dix hommes choisis parmi les responsables d’Israël, des hommes que tu sais être des responsables et des chefs du peuple, et amène-les devant la tente de la Rencontre. Qu’ils se tiennent là avec toi. 17 Alors je descendrai m’entretenir là avec toi, je prendrai de l’Esprit qui est sur toi et je le leur donnerai, pour qu’ils portent avec toi la charge de ce peuple, de sorte que tu n’auras plus à la porter seul. 18 Tu diras au peuple : « Purifiez-vous pour demain, et vous mangerez de la viande, puisque vous avez pleuré aux oreilles de l’Eternel en disant : “Ah ! Si seulement nous pouvions manger de la viande ! Nous étions si bien en Egypte !” Eh bien, l’Eternel va vous donner de la viande à manger. 19 Pas un seul jour, ni deux jours, ni cinq jours, ni dix jours, ni même vingt jours, 20 mais durant tout un mois vous en mangerez, jusqu’à ce qu’elle vous sorte par les narines et que vous en ayez la nausée. Car vous avez méprisé l’Eternel qui est au milieu de vous, et vous avez pleuré devant lui, en disant : “Pourquoi donc avons-nous quitté l’Egypte ?” »

21 Moïse répondit : Ce peuple dont je fais partie compte six cent mille hommes de pied, et toi tu leur promets, pour un mois entier, de la viande à manger ! 22 Abattra-t-on pour eux des brebis et des bœufs pour qu’ils en aient suffisamment ? Et même si on leur pêchait tous les poissons de la mer, en auraient-ils assez ?

23 L’Eternel lui répondit : Le bras de l’Eternel serait-il trop court ? Tu verras sans tarder si, oui ou non, ma parole se réalise devant toi.

L’Esprit de Dieu se pose sur les soixante-dix responsables du peuple

24 Moïse sortit et rapporta au peuple les paroles de l’Eternel, puis il rassembla soixante-dix hommes choisis parmi leurs responsables, et les plaça autour de la tente. 25 L’Eternel descendit dans la nuée et lui parla ; il prit de l’Esprit qui reposait sur lui et le donna à ces soixante-dix responsables. Quand l’Esprit se fut posé sur eux, ils se mirent à parler sous son inspiration, comme des prophètes – c’est l’unique fois que cela leur arriva.

26 L’Esprit vint également demeurer sur deux hommes qui se trouvaient dans le camp, et qui s’appelaient Eldad et Médad. L’Esprit vint reposer sur eux car ils figuraient parmi les inscrits, bien qu’ils ne se soient pas rendus à la tente, et, dans le camp, ils se mirent à parler sous l’inspiration de Dieu. 27 Un jeune homme courut avertir Moïse : Eldad et Médad sont en train de parler sous l’inspiration de Dieu dans le camp !

28 Alors Josué, fils de Noun, qui était l’assistant de Moïse depuis sa jeunesse, intervint en disant : Moïse, mon maître, empêche-les de faire cela !

29 Moïse lui répondit : Serais-tu jaloux pour moi ? Que l’Eternel, au contraire, accorde son Esprit à tous les membres de son peuple pour qu’ils deviennent tous des prophètes !

30 Puis Moïse regagna le camp avec les responsables d’Israël.

31 Un vent envoyé par l’Eternel entraîna des cailles par-dessus la mer et les fit s’abattre autour du camp, sur un rayon d’une journée de marche. Elles recouvraient le sol jusqu’à un mètre de hauteur. 32 Le peuple fut debout toute cette journée et toute la nuit, et encore tout le lendemain, pour ramasser les cailles. Personne n’en prit moins d’une tonne[c]. Ils les étalèrent tout autour du camp.

33 Ils avaient encore la viande à la bouche quand la colère de l’Eternel éclata contre le peuple, et il le frappa d’une grave épidémie. 34 On appela cet endroit Qibroth-Hattaava (Tombeaux de la convoitise), car c’est là qu’on enterra beaucoup de gens, qui avaient cédé à la convoitise[d]. 35 De Qibroth-Hattaava le peuple se mit en marche pour Hatséroth, où il s’installa.

Footnotes

  1. 11.7 Voir Ex 16.31.
  2. 11.9 Voir Ex 16.13-15.
  3. 11.32 En hébreu, il s’agit de dix homers. Le homer contenait environ 360 litres.
  4. 11.34 L’apôtre Paul fait allusion à cet épisode dans 1 Co 10.6.

Fire From the Lord

11 Now the people complained(A) about their hardships in the hearing of the Lord,(B) and when he heard them his anger was aroused.(C) Then fire from the Lord burned among them(D) and consumed(E) some of the outskirts of the camp. When the people cried out to Moses, he prayed(F) to the Lord(G) and the fire died down. So that place was called Taberah,[a](H) because fire from the Lord had burned among them.(I)

Quail From the Lord

The rabble with them began to crave other food,(J) and again the Israelites started wailing(K) and said, “If only we had meat to eat! We remember the fish we ate in Egypt at no cost—also the cucumbers, melons, leeks, onions and garlic.(L) But now we have lost our appetite; we never see anything but this manna!(M)

The manna was like coriander seed(N) and looked like resin.(O) The people went around gathering it,(P) and then ground it in a hand mill or crushed it in a mortar. They cooked it in a pot or made it into loaves. And it tasted like something made with olive oil. When the dew(Q) settled on the camp at night, the manna also came down.

10 Moses heard the people of every family wailing(R) at the entrance to their tents. The Lord became exceedingly angry, and Moses was troubled. 11 He asked the Lord, “Why have you brought this trouble(S) on your servant? What have I done to displease you that you put the burden of all these people on me?(T) 12 Did I conceive all these people? Did I give them birth? Why do you tell me to carry them in my arms, as a nurse carries an infant,(U) to the land you promised on oath(V) to their ancestors?(W) 13 Where can I get meat for all these people?(X) They keep wailing to me, ‘Give us meat to eat!’ 14 I cannot carry all these people by myself; the burden is too heavy for me.(Y) 15 If this is how you are going to treat me, please go ahead and kill me(Z)—if I have found favor in your eyes—and do not let me face my own ruin.”

16 The Lord said to Moses: “Bring me seventy of Israel’s elders(AA) who are known to you as leaders and officials among the people.(AB) Have them come to the tent of meeting,(AC) that they may stand there with you. 17 I will come down and speak with you(AD) there, and I will take some of the power of the Spirit that is on you and put it on them.(AE) They will share the burden of the people with you so that you will not have to carry it alone.(AF)

18 “Tell the people: ‘Consecrate yourselves(AG) in preparation for tomorrow, when you will eat meat. The Lord heard you when you wailed,(AH) “If only we had meat to eat! We were better off in Egypt!”(AI) Now the Lord will give you meat,(AJ) and you will eat it. 19 You will not eat it for just one day, or two days, or five, ten or twenty days, 20 but for a whole month—until it comes out of your nostrils and you loathe it(AK)—because you have rejected the Lord,(AL) who is among you, and have wailed before him, saying, “Why did we ever leave Egypt?”’”(AM)

21 But Moses said, “Here I am among six hundred thousand men(AN) on foot, and you say, ‘I will give them meat to eat for a whole month!’ 22 Would they have enough if flocks and herds were slaughtered for them? Would they have enough if all the fish in the sea were caught for them?”(AO)

23 The Lord answered Moses, “Is the Lord’s arm too short?(AP) Now you will see whether or not what I say will come true for you.(AQ)

24 So Moses went out and told the people what the Lord had said. He brought together seventy of their elders and had them stand around the tent. 25 Then the Lord came down in the cloud(AR) and spoke with him,(AS) and he took some of the power of the Spirit(AT) that was on him and put it on the seventy elders.(AU) When the Spirit rested on them, they prophesied(AV)—but did not do so again.

26 However, two men, whose names were Eldad and Medad, had remained in the camp. They were listed among the elders, but did not go out to the tent. Yet the Spirit also rested on them,(AW) and they prophesied in the camp. 27 A young man ran and told Moses, “Eldad and Medad are prophesying in the camp.”

28 Joshua son of Nun,(AX) who had been Moses’ aide(AY) since youth, spoke up and said, “Moses, my lord, stop them!”(AZ)

29 But Moses replied, “Are you jealous for my sake? I wish that all the Lord’s people were prophets(BA) and that the Lord would put his Spirit(BB) on them!”(BC) 30 Then Moses and the elders of Israel returned to the camp.

31 Now a wind went out from the Lord and drove quail(BD) in from the sea. It scattered them up to two cubits[b] deep all around the camp, as far as a day’s walk in any direction. 32 All that day and night and all the next day the people went out and gathered quail. No one gathered less than ten homers.[c] Then they spread them out all around the camp. 33 But while the meat was still between their teeth(BE) and before it could be consumed, the anger(BF) of the Lord burned against the people, and he struck them with a severe plague.(BG) 34 Therefore the place was named Kibroth Hattaavah,[d](BH) because there they buried the people who had craved other food.

35 From Kibroth Hattaavah the people traveled to Hazeroth(BI) and stayed there.

Footnotes

  1. Numbers 11:3 Taberah means burning.
  2. Numbers 11:31 That is, about 3 feet or about 90 centimeters
  3. Numbers 11:32 That is, possibly about 1 3/4 tons or about 1.6 metric tons
  4. Numbers 11:34 Kibroth Hattaavah means graves of craving.

The People Complain

11 Now (A)when the people complained, it displeased the Lord; (B)for the Lord heard it, and His anger was aroused. So the (C)fire of the Lord burned among them, and consumed some in the outskirts of the camp. Then the people (D)cried out to Moses, and when Moses (E)prayed to the Lord, the fire was [a]quenched. So he called the name of the place [b]Taberah, because the fire of the Lord had burned among them.

Now the (F)mixed multitude who were among them [c]yielded to (G)intense craving; so the children of Israel also wept again and said: (H)“Who will give us meat to eat? (I)We remember the fish which we ate freely in Egypt, the cucumbers, the melons, the leeks, the onions, and the garlic; but now (J)our whole being is dried up; there is nothing at all except this manna before our eyes!”

Now (K)the manna was like coriander seed, and its color like the color of bdellium. The people went about and gathered it, ground it on millstones or beat it in the mortar, cooked it in pans, and made cakes of it; and (L)its taste was like the taste of pastry prepared with oil. And (M)when the dew fell on the camp in the night, the manna fell on it.

10 Then Moses heard the people weeping throughout their families, everyone at the door of his tent; and (N)the anger of the Lord was greatly aroused; Moses also was displeased. 11 (O)So Moses said to the Lord, “Why have You afflicted Your servant? And why have I not found favor in Your sight, that You have laid the [d]burden of all these people on me? 12 Did I conceive all these people? Did I beget them, that You should say to me, (P)‘Carry them in your bosom, as a (Q)guardian carries a nursing child,’ to the land which You (R)swore[e] to their fathers? 13 (S)Where am I to get meat to give to all these people? For they weep all over me, saying, ‘Give us meat, that we may eat.’ 14 (T)I am not able to bear all these people alone, because the burden is too heavy for me. 15 If You treat me like this, please kill me here and now—if I have found favor in Your sight—and (U)do not let me see my wretchedness!”

The Seventy Elders

16 So the Lord said to Moses: “Gather to Me (V)seventy men of the elders of Israel, whom you know to be the elders of the people and (W)officers over them; bring them to the tabernacle of meeting, that they may stand there with you. 17 Then I will come down and talk with you there. (X)I will take of the Spirit that is upon you and will put the same upon them; and they shall bear the burden of the people with you, that you may not bear it yourself alone. 18 Then you shall say to the people, [f]‘Consecrate yourselves for tomorrow, and you shall eat meat; for you have wept (Y)in the hearing of the Lord, saying, “Who will give us meat to eat? For it was well with us in Egypt.” Therefore the Lord will give you meat, and you shall eat. 19 You shall eat, not one day, nor two days, nor five days, nor ten days, nor twenty days, 20 (Z)but for a whole month, until it comes out of your nostrils and becomes loathsome to you, because you have (AA)despised the Lord who is among you, and have wept before Him, saying, (AB)“Why did we ever come up out of Egypt?” ’ ”

21 And Moses said, (AC)“The people whom I am among are six hundred thousand men on foot; yet You have said, ‘I will give them meat, that they may eat for a whole month.’ 22 (AD)Shall flocks and herds be slaughtered for them, to provide enough for them? Or shall all the fish of the sea be gathered together for them, to provide enough for them?”

23 And the Lord said to Moses, (AE)“Has[g] the Lord’s arm been shortened? Now you shall see whether (AF)what I say will happen to you or not.”

24 So Moses went out and told the people the words of the Lord, and he (AG)gathered the seventy men of the elders of the people and placed them around the tabernacle. 25 Then the Lord came down in the cloud, and spoke to him, and took of the Spirit that was upon him, and placed the same upon the seventy elders; and it happened, (AH)when the Spirit rested upon them, that (AI)they prophesied, [h]although they never did so again.

26 But two men had remained in the camp: the name of one was Eldad, and the name of the other Medad. And the Spirit rested upon them. Now they were among those listed, but who (AJ)had not gone out to the tabernacle; yet they prophesied in the camp. 27 And a young man ran and told Moses, and said, “Eldad and Medad are prophesying in the camp.”

28 So Joshua the son of Nun, Moses’ assistant, one of his choice men, answered and said, “Moses my lord, (AK)forbid them!”

29 Then Moses said to him, “Are you [i]zealous for my sake? (AL)Oh, that all the Lord’s people were prophets and that the Lord would put His Spirit upon them!” 30 And Moses returned to the camp, he and the elders of Israel.

The Lord Sends Quail

31 Now a (AM)wind went out from the Lord, and it brought quail from the sea and left them fluttering near the camp, about a day’s journey on this side and about a day’s journey on the other side, all around the camp, and about two cubits above the surface of the ground. 32 And the people stayed up all that day, all night, and all the next day, and gathered the quail (he who gathered least gathered ten (AN)homers); and they spread them out for themselves all around the camp. 33 But while the (AO)meat was still between their teeth, before it was chewed, the wrath of the Lord was aroused against the people, and the Lord struck the people with a very great plague. 34 So he called the name of that place [j]Kibroth Hattaavah, because there they buried the people who had yielded to craving.

35 (AP)From Kibroth Hattaavah the people moved to Hazeroth, and camped at Hazeroth.

Footnotes

  1. Numbers 11:2 extinguished
  2. Numbers 11:3 Lit. Burning
  3. Numbers 11:4 Lit. lusted intensely
  4. Numbers 11:11 responsibility
  5. Numbers 11:12 solemnly promised
  6. Numbers 11:18 Set yourselves apart
  7. Numbers 11:23 Is the Lord’s power limited?
  8. Numbers 11:25 Tg., Vg. and they did not cease
  9. Numbers 11:29 jealous
  10. Numbers 11:34 Lit. Graves of Craving