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De koperen slang

21 Toen de koning van Arad hoorde dat de Israëlieten oprukten (zij namen dezelfde weg als de spionnen), mobiliseerde hij zijn leger en viel aan. Daarbij werden enige Israëlieten gevangengenomen. Toen beloofden de Israëlieten de Here dat zij al de steden in dat gebied met de grond gelijk zouden maken als Hij hen zou helpen de koning van Arad en zijn onderdanen te overwinnen. De Here verhoorde hun gebed en gaf de Kanaänieten aan hen over, de Israëlieten vernietigden hen en hun steden. Vanaf die tijd heette die streek Chorma (Verwoesting).

De Israëlieten braken op van de berg Hor en trokken vandaar verder zuidelijk langs de weg naar de Rode Zee om zo om het land Edom heen te trekken. Op die tocht werd het volk ongeduldig en beklaagde zich tegen God en tegen Mozes. ‘Waarom hebt u ons uit Egypte geleid en laat u ons hier in de wildernis sterven?’ klaagden zij. ‘Er is hier niets om te eten en te drinken en we walgen van dat flauwe manna.’ Daarom stuurde de Here giftige slangen naar het kamp en velen werden gebeten en kwamen om. Het volk kwam bij Mozes en riep: ‘Wij hebben gezondigd, want wij hebben ons tegen de Here en tegen u gekeerd. Bid toch tot de Here en vraag of Hij de slangen wil weghalen.’ Mozes bad voor het volk. Toen zei de Here tegen hem: ‘Maak een koperen afbeelding van zoʼn giftige slang en maak deze vast op een paal: iemand die is gebeten, hoeft er alleen maar naar te kijken om te worden genezen!’ Mozes maakte een koperen slang en bevestigde die op een paal. Als iemand die door een slang was gebeten, naar de koperen slang keek, bleef hij leven.

10 Hierna reisden de Israëlieten verder naar Obot en sloegen daar hun kamp op. 11 Vandaar trokken zij naar Ijje-Haäbarim in de woestijn die ten oosten van Moab ligt. 12 Daarna ging het verder naar het dal van de beek Zered, waar zij hun kamp opsloegen. 13 Vervolgens trokken zij verder naar de overkant van de rivier de Arnon, dichtbij de grens van de Amorieten. De Arnon is de grensrivier tussen het land van de Amorieten en dat van de Moabieten. 14 Deze gebeurtenis wordt ook vermeld in het boek over de oorlogen van de Here, waarin wordt gezegd dat het dal van de rivier de Arnon en de stad van Waheb 15 tussen de Moabieten en de Amorieten liggen.

16 Toen reisden de Israëlieten naar Beër. Hier is de put waar de Here tegen Mozes zei: ‘Roep het volk bijeen, dan zal Ik het water geven.’ 17,18 Bij die gebeurtenis zong het volk dit lied:

‘Spring op, waterbron! Zing beurtelings van het water! Dit is een bron, gegraven door vorsten. De edelen van het volk boorden hem aan met hun scepter en hun leidersstaf.’

Toen verlieten zij de woestijn en trokken verder naar Mattana, 19 Nachaliël en Bamot. 20 Vandaar ging het verder naar het dal in het plateau van Moab, vanwaar men uitkijkt over de woestijn en in de verte de berg Pisga ziet.

21 De Israëlieten stuurden nu boodschappers naar koning Sichon van de Amorieten. 22 ‘Mogen wij door uw land trekken?’ vroegen zij hem. ‘Wij zullen de weg niet verlaten tot wij uw land weer uit zijn. Wij zullen uw akkers en wijngaarden niet beschadigen en niet van uw water drinken.’ 23 Maar koning Sichon weigerde. Erger nog, hij mobiliseerde zijn leger en viel Israël in de woestijn aan. Bij Jahas kwam het tot een treffen. 24 Maar Israël versloeg hen vernietigend en veroverde hun land van de rivier Arnon tot de rivier Jabbok, tot aan de grens van de Ammonieten. Daar werd de opmars gestuit, want de grens van de Ammonieten werd sterk verdedigd. 25,26 Zo veroverden de Israëlieten alle steden van de Amorieten en gingen daar wonen. Ook Chesbon, de hoofdstad van koning Sichon, viel hun in handen. Koning Sichon had dit hele gebied tot aan de Arnon op de vorige koning van de Moabieten veroverd.

27-30 De oude spreukendichters schreven over die gebeurtenis: ‘Kom naar Chesbon, want de hoofdstad van Sichon is groter en sterker dan ooit. Er kwam een vlam uit Sichons stad die Ar in Moab en de heersers over de hoogten van de Arnon verteerde. Wee u, Moab, uw volk van Kemos is verloren! Want Kemos liet zijn zonen vluchten en zijn dochters gevangennemen door Sichon, de koning van de Amorieten. Wij hebben hen beschoten en Chesbon ging verloren, samen met Dibon. Wij verwoestten het tot Nofach en een vuur woedde tot de stad Medeba.’

31 Zo kwam Israël te wonen in het land van de Amorieten. 32 Ondertussen stuurde Mozes spionnen uit om de streek van Jazer te verkennen, daarna vielen zij het gebied binnen, veroverden de steden en verdreven de Amorieten die daar woonden. 33 Daarna lieten zij het oog op Basan vallen en trokken daarheen. Maar koning Og van Basan ging hen met een leger tegemoet en bij de stad Edreï ontbrandde een felle strijd. 34 Maar de Here zei tegen Mozes: ‘Wees niet bang voor hem, want Ik heb hem, zijn volk en zijn land al aan u overgegeven. U zult hem verslaan net zoals koning Sichon van de Amorieten.’ 35 Het gebeurde zoals de Here had gezegd: Israël versloeg Og, zijn zonen en zijn onderdanen. Iedereen werd gedood. En Israël nam het land in bezit.

Chapter 21

Israel Destroys Arad. When the Canaanite king Arad (who lived in the Negeb) heard that Israel was coming along the road to Atharim, he attacked the people of Israel and took some of them prisoner. [a]Israel made a vow to the Lord saying, “If you will deliver this people into our hands, then we will utterly destroy their cities!” The Lord listened to the plea of Israel and delivered up the Canaanites. They totally destroyed them and their cities, therefore the place is called Hormah.

The Bronze Serpent.[b] They traveled from Mount Hor along the way to the Red Sea in order to bypass the land of Edom, but the people became discouraged along the way. The people spoke against God and Moses, saying, “Why have you brought us out of Egypt to have us die in the desert. There is no bread, no water, and we loathe this miserable food.”[c]

The Lord sent seraph[d] serpents among the people. They bit the people, and many of the people of Israel died. The people came to Moses and said, “We have sinned, for we have spoken against the Lord and against you. Pray to the Lord so that he might save us from the serpents.” So Moses prayed for the people. The Lord said to Moses, “Make a seraph serpent and put it upon a pole. Whoever has been bitten and looks upon it will live.” So Moses made a bronze serpent and put it upon a pole. If someone had been bitten by a serpent and he looked up at the bronze serpent, he lived.

10 The Move to Moab. The people of Israel moved on and camped in Oboth. 11 They left Oboth and camped in Iye-abarim in the desert that lie to the east of Moab. 12 From there they moved on and camped in the Valley of Zered. 13 They then moved on from there and camped on the other side of the Arnon in the desert that extends from the boundary of the Amorites. The Arnon is the boundary of Moab, the border between Moab and the Amorites. 14 Thus, it is written in the Book of Wars of the Lord,

“Waheb in Suphah,
    and the wadis of the Arnon,
15     and the slope of the wadis
that extend to the site of Ar,
    that lies along the boundary of Moab.”

16 From there they continued on to Beer, which is where the Lord spoke to Moses saying, “Gather up the people and I will give them water.”

17 Then Israel sang this song,

“Spring up, O well! Sing to it!
18 The well which the leaders dug,
    which the nobles of the people sank,
    with the scepter and with their staves.”

From the desert they continued on to Mattanah, 19 and from Mattanah to Nahaliel, from Nahaliel to Bamoth, 20 and from Bamoth to the valley in the land of Moab which is on the heights of the Pisgah overlooking the wasteland.

21 Victory over Sihon and Og.[e] Israel sent messengers to Sihon, king of the Amorites, saying, 22 “Let us pass through your land. We will not wander into the fields nor into the vineyards. We will not drink water from any well. We will pass along the King’s Highway until we have crossed over your borders.”

23 But Sihon would not allow Israel to cross over his border. Sihon gathered all of his people and marched out into the desert against Israel. He went out to Jahaz and fought with Israel.

24 But Israel put him to the sword and occupied his land from the Arnon to the Jabbok up to the Ammonite territory (for the boundary with the Ammonites was fortified). 25 Israel captured all of these cities, and Israel settled in all of the cities of the Amorites, in Heshbon and in all of its surrounding villages. 26 Heshbon was the city of Sihon, king of the Amorites, for he had fought with the former king of Moab, conquering all of his lands up to the Arnon. 27 [f]This is why those who speak in proverbs say,

“Come to Heshbon, let it be built.
    Let Sihon’s city be restored.
28 For fire went out from Heshbon,
    a flame from the city of Sihon.
It devoured Ar of Moab,
    the lords of the heights of the Arnon.
29 Woe to you, Moab.
    You have perished, O people of Chemosh.[g]
He has given up his sons as fugitives,
    his daughters as captives to Sihon,
    the king of the Amorites.
30 But we have shot at them,
    Heshbon has perished even as far as Dibon.
We have laid them waste up to Nophah,
    which extends to the Medeba.”

31 So Israel settled in the land of the Amorites. 32 Moses sent out spies to Jazer, and they captured those villages, driving out the Amorites who lived there. 33 They then turned and went along the road to Bashan.[h] Og, the king of Bashan, went out with all his people to battle them in Edrei.

34 The Lord said to Moses, “Do not be afraid of him, for I have delivered him and all his people and land into your hands. You will do to him what you did to Sihon, the king of the Amorites, who dwelt in Heshbon.” 35 So they killed him and his sons and all of his people until there was not a single one alive, and they conquered his land.

Footnotes

  1. Numbers 21:2 Hormah means “dedicated to destruction.” The entire booty taken in war is destroyed as an act of homage to God. See Num 18:14; Jos 6:7.
  2. Numbers 21:4 The bronze serpent, a sign of repentance and forgiveness, will be used by Jesus as a prefiguration of his own being lifted up on the cross (Jn 3:14).
  3. Numbers 21:5 We loathe this miserable food: this statement showed more than a distaste for the manna that the Lord had provided and that had been the brunt of ongoing complaints by the people. While they were rejecting the Lord’s physical nourishment, they were turning away from his gift of grace.
  4. Numbers 21:6 Seraph: the Hebrew for a type of poisonous viper. The etymology suggests “fiery one,” “burning one.”
  5. Numbers 21:21 God fights alongside his people; nothing can resist him. These incidents will remain as exemplars for Israel and will be repeatedly extolled in national songs (see Pss 135:11; 136:10-20).
  6. Numbers 21:27 An ancient Amorite song of victory, taken over by the Israelites.
  7. Numbers 21:29 Chemosh is the god of the Moabites. See Jdg 11:24; 1 Ki 11:7.
  8. Numbers 21:33 Bashan: a region on the border between present day Syria and Jordan. Og: a legendary giant; see Deut 3:11.

Canaanites Defeated at Hormah

21 The (A)king of Arad, the Canaanite, who dwelt in the South, heard that Israel was coming on the road to Atharim. Then he fought against Israel and took some of them prisoners. (B)So Israel made a vow to the Lord, and said, “If You will indeed deliver this people into my hand, then (C)I will utterly destroy their cities.” And the Lord listened to the voice of Israel and delivered up the Canaanites, and they utterly destroyed them and their cities. So the name of that place was called [a]Hormah.

The Bronze Serpent

Then they journeyed from Mount Hor by the Way of the Red Sea, to (D)go around the land of Edom; and the soul of the people became very [b]discouraged on the way. And the people (E)spoke against God and against Moses: “Why have you brought us up out of Egypt to die in the wilderness? For there is no food and no water, and our soul [c]loathes this worthless bread.” So (F)the Lord sent (G)fiery serpents among the people, and they bit the people; and many of the people of Israel died.

(H)Therefore the people came to Moses, and said, “We have (I)sinned, for we have spoken against the Lord and against you; (J)pray to the Lord that He take away the serpents from us.” So Moses prayed for the people.

Then the Lord said to Moses, (K)“Make a (L)fiery serpent, and set it on a pole; and it shall be that everyone who is bitten, when he looks at it, shall live.” So (M)Moses made a bronze serpent, and put it on a pole; and so it was, if a serpent had bitten anyone, when he looked at the bronze serpent, he lived.

From Mount Hor to Moab

10 Now the children of Israel moved on and (N)camped in Oboth. 11 And they journeyed from Oboth and camped at [d]Ije Abarim, in the wilderness which is east of Moab, toward the sunrise. 12 (O)From there they moved and camped in the Valley of Zered. 13 From there they moved and camped on the other side of the Arnon, which is in the wilderness that extends from the border of the Amorites; for (P)the Arnon is the border of Moab, between Moab and the Amorites. 14 Therefore it is said in the Book of the Wars of the Lord:

[e]“Waheb in Suphah,
The brooks of the Arnon,
15 And the slope of the brooks
That reaches to the dwelling of (Q)Ar,
And lies on the border of Moab.”

16 From there they went (R)to Beer, which is the well where the Lord said to Moses, “Gather the people together, and I will give them water.” 17 (S)Then Israel sang this song:

“Spring up, O well!
All of you sing to it—
18 The well the leaders sank,
Dug by the nation’s nobles,
By the (T)lawgiver, with their staves.”

And from the wilderness they went to Mattanah, 19 from Mattanah to Nahaliel, from Nahaliel to Bamoth, 20 and from Bamoth, in the valley that is in the [f]country of Moab, to the top of Pisgah which looks (U)down on the [g]wasteland.

King Sihon Defeated(V)

21 Then (W)Israel sent messengers to Sihon king of the Amorites, saying, 22 (X)“Let me pass through your land. We will not turn aside into fields or vineyards; we will not drink water from wells. We will go by the King’s Highway until we have passed through your territory.” 23 (Y)But Sihon would not allow Israel to pass through his territory. So Sihon gathered all his people together and [h]went out against Israel in the wilderness, (Z)and he came to Jahaz and fought against Israel. 24 Then (AA)Israel defeated him with the edge of the sword, and took possession of his land from the Arnon to the Jabbok, as far as the people of Ammon; for the border of the people of Ammon was fortified. 25 So Israel took all these cities, and Israel (AB)dwelt in all the cities of the Amorites, in Heshbon and in all its villages. 26 For Heshbon was the city of Sihon king of the Amorites, who had fought against the former king of Moab, and had taken all his land from his hand as far as the Arnon. 27 Therefore those who speak in [i]proverbs say:

“Come to Heshbon, let it be built;
Let the city of Sihon be repaired.

28 “For (AC)fire went out from Heshbon,
A flame from the city of Sihon;
It consumed (AD)Ar of Moab,
The lords of the (AE)heights of the Arnon.
29 Woe to you, (AF)Moab!
You have perished, O people of (AG)Chemosh!
He has given his (AH)sons as fugitives,
And his (AI)daughters into captivity,
To Sihon king of the Amorites.

30 “But we have shot at them;
Heshbon has perished (AJ)as far as Dibon.
Then we laid waste as far as Nophah,
Which reaches to (AK)Medeba.”

31 Thus Israel dwelt in the land of the Amorites. 32 Then Moses sent to [j]spy out (AL)Jazer; and they took its villages and drove out the Amorites who were there.

King Og Defeated(AM)

33 (AN)And they turned and went up by the way to (AO)Bashan. So Og king of Bashan went out against them, he and all his people, to battle (AP)at Edrei. 34 Then the Lord said to Moses, (AQ)“Do not fear him, for I have [k]delivered him into your hand, with all his people and his land; and (AR)you shall do to him as you did to Sihon king of the Amorites, who dwelt at Heshbon.” 35 (AS)So they defeated him, his sons, and all his people, until there was no survivor left him; and they took possession of his land.

Footnotes

  1. Numbers 21:3 Lit. Utter Destruction
  2. Numbers 21:4 impatient
  3. Numbers 21:5 detests
  4. Numbers 21:11 Lit. The Heaps of Abarim
  5. Numbers 21:14 Ancient unknown places; Vg. What He did in the Red Sea
  6. Numbers 21:20 Lit. field
  7. Numbers 21:20 Heb. Jeshimon
  8. Numbers 21:23 attacked
  9. Numbers 21:27 parables
  10. Numbers 21:32 secretly search
  11. Numbers 21:34 given you victory over him