10 Jésus appela ses douze disciples et leur donna l’autorité de chasser les esprits mauvais et de guérir toute maladie et toute infirmité. Voici les noms des douze apôtres : d’abord, Simon appelé Pierre puis André son frère ; Jacques, fils de Zébédée, et Jean son frère ; Philippe et Barthélemy ; Thomas et Matthieu, le collecteur d’impôts ; Jacques, fils d’Alphée, et Thaddée ; Simon, le Zélé[a], et Judas Iscariot, celui qui a trahi Jésus.

L’envoi des Douze(A)

Ce sont ces douze hommes que Jésus envoya, après leur avoir fait les recommandations suivantes : N’allez pas dans les contrées étrangères et n’entrez pas dans les villes de la Samarie. Rendez-vous plutôt auprès des brebis perdues du peuple d’Israël. En chemin, annoncez que le royaume[b] des cieux est proche. Guérissez les malades, ressuscitez les morts, rendez purs les lépreux, expulsez les démons.

Vous avez reçu gratuitement, donnez gratuitement. Ne mettez dans vos bourses ni or, ni argent, ni pièce de cuivre. 10 N’emportez pour le voyage ni sac, ni tunique de rechange, ni sandales, ni bâton, car « l’ouvrier mérite sa nourriture ».

11 Chaque fois que vous arriverez dans une ville ou un village, cherchez quelqu’un qui soit respectable[c] et restez chez lui jusqu’à votre départ de la localité. 12 En entrant dans la maison, saluez ses occupants. 13 S’ils en sont dignes, que la paix que vous leur souhaitez repose sur eux[d]. Sinon, qu’elle vous revienne. 14 Si, dans une maison ou dans une ville, on ne veut pas vous recevoir, ni écouter vos paroles, quittez la maison ou la ville en secouant la poussière de vos pieds[e]. 15 Vraiment, je vous l’assure : au jour du jugement, les villes de Sodome et de Gomorrhe[f] seront traitées avec moins de rigueur que les habitants de ces lieux-là.

Les difficultés de la mission(B)

16 Voici : moi, je vous envoie comme des brebis au milieu des loups. Soyez prudents comme des serpents et innocents comme des colombes. 17 Soyez sur vos gardes ; car on vous traduira devant les tribunaux des Juifs et l’on vous fera fouetter dans leurs synagogues.

18 On vous forcera à comparaître devant des gouverneurs et des rois à cause de moi pour leur apporter un témoignage, ainsi qu’aux non-Juifs. 19 Lorsqu’on vous livrera aux autorités, ne vous inquiétez ni du contenu ni de la forme de ce que vous direz, car cela vous sera donné au moment même. 20 En effet, ce n’est pas vous qui parlerez, ce sera l’Esprit de votre Père qui parlera par votre bouche.

21 Le frère livrera son propre frère pour le faire condamner à mort, et le père livrera son enfant. Des enfants se dresseront contre leurs parents et les feront mettre à mort. 22 Tout le monde vous haïra à cause de moi. Mais celui qui tiendra bon jusqu’au bout sera sauvé.

23 Si l’on vous persécute dans une ville, fuyez dans une autre ; vraiment, je vous l’assure : vous n’achèverez pas le tour des villes d’Israël avant que le Fils de l’homme vienne.

24 Le disciple n’est pas plus grand que celui qui l’enseigne, ni le serviteur supérieur à son maître. 25 Il suffit au disciple d’être comme celui qui l’enseigne et au serviteur d’être comme son maître. S’ils ont traité le maître de la maison de Béelzébul[g], que diront-ils de ceux qui font partie de cette maison ?

Prendre courage pour la mission(C)

26 N’ayez donc pas peur de ces gens-là ! Car tout ce qui est tenu secret sera dévoilé, et tout ce qui est caché finira par être connu. 27 Ce que je vous dis en secret, répétez-le en plein jour. Ce qu’on vous chuchote dans le creux de l’oreille, criez-le du haut des toits.

28 Ne craignez donc pas ceux qui peuvent tuer le corps, mais qui n’ont pas le pouvoir de faire mourir l’âme. Craignez plutôt celui qui peut vous faire périr corps et âme dans l’enfer. 29 Ne vend-on pas une paire de moineaux pour un sou ? Et pourtant, pas un seul d’entre eux ne tombe à terre sans le consentement de votre Père. 30 Quant à vous, même les cheveux de votre tête sont tous comptés. 31 N’ayez donc aucune crainte, car vous, vous avez plus de valeur que toute une volée de moineaux.

32 C’est pourquoi, celui qui se déclarera pour moi devant les hommes, je me déclarerai moi aussi pour lui devant mon Père céleste. 33 Mais celui qui aura prétendu ne pas me connaître devant les hommes, je ne le reconnaîtrai pas non plus devant mon Père céleste.

(Lc 12.51-53)

34 Ne croyez pas que je sois venu apporter la paix sur terre : je ne suis pas venu apporter la paix, mais l’épée. 35 Oui, je suis venu opposer le fils à son père, la fille à sa mère, la belle-fille à sa belle-mère : 36 on aura pour ennemis les gens de sa propre famille[h].

(Lc 14.26-27)

37 Celui qui aime son père ou sa mère plus que moi n’est pas digne de moi. Celui qui aime son fils ou sa fille plus que moi n’est pas digne de moi. 38 Et celui qui ne se charge pas de sa croix et ne me suit pas n’est pas digne de moi. 39 Celui qui cherche à sauver sa vie la perdra ; et celui qui aura perdu sa vie à cause de moi la retrouvera.

(Mc 9.41)

40 Si quelqu’un vous accueille, c’est moi qu’il accueille. Or celui qui m’accueille, accueille celui qui m’a envoyé. 41 Celui qui accueille un prophète parce qu’il est un prophète recevra la même récompense que le prophète[i]. Et celui qui accueille un juste parce que c’est un juste aura la même récompense que le juste[j]. 42 Si quelqu’un donne à boire, ne serait-ce qu’un verre d’eau fraîche, au plus petit de mes disciples parce qu’il est mon disciple, vraiment, je vous l’assure, il ne perdra pas sa récompense.

Footnotes

  1. 10.4 Ce surnom peut faire allusion à son zèle pour la Loi, ou, selon certains, à son appartenance au parti nationaliste des zélotes.
  2. 10.7 Voir note 3.2.
  3. 10.11 Autre traduction : quelqu’un qui soit en mesure (ou désireux) de vous accueillir.
  4. 10.13 Selon la salutation juive habituelle : « Que la paix soit avec vous ! »
  5. 10.14 Geste marquant la rupture avec cette ville ou cette maison.
  6. 10.15 Deux villes frappées par le jugement de Dieu. Leur histoire est racontée dans Gn 18 à 19.
  7. 10.25 Béelzébul, « chef des démons », selon 12.24, était l’un des noms du diable.
  8. 10.36 Mi 7.6.
  9. 10.41 Autre traduction : recevra une récompense réservée à un prophète.
  10. 10.41 Autre traduction : recevra une récompense réservée à un juste.

10 And when he had called unto him his twelve disciples, he gave them power against unclean spirits, to cast them out, and to heal all manner of sickness and all manner of disease.

Now the names of the twelve apostles are these; The first, Simon, who is called Peter, and Andrew his brother; James the son of Zebedee, and John his brother;

Philip, and Bartholomew; Thomas, and Matthew the publican; James the son of Alphaeus, and Lebbaeus, whose surname was Thaddaeus;

Simon the Canaanite, and Judas Iscariot, who also betrayed him.

These twelve Jesus sent forth, and commanded them, saying, Go not into the way of the Gentiles, and into any city of the Samaritans enter ye not:

But go rather to the lost sheep of the house of Israel.

And as ye go, preach, saying, The kingdom of heaven is at hand.

Heal the sick, cleanse the lepers, raise the dead, cast out devils: freely ye have received, freely give.

Provide neither gold, nor silver, nor brass in your purses,

10 Nor scrip for your journey, neither two coats, neither shoes, nor yet staves: for the workman is worthy of his meat.

11 And into whatsoever city or town ye shall enter, enquire who in it is worthy; and there abide till ye go thence.

12 And when ye come into an house, salute it.

13 And if the house be worthy, let your peace come upon it: but if it be not worthy, let your peace return to you.

14 And whosoever shall not receive you, nor hear your words, when ye depart out of that house or city, shake off the dust of your feet.

15 Verily I say unto you, It shall be more tolerable for the land of Sodom and Gomorrha in the day of judgment, than for that city.

16 Behold, I send you forth as sheep in the midst of wolves: be ye therefore wise as serpents, and harmless as doves.

17 But beware of men: for they will deliver you up to the councils, and they will scourge you in their synagogues;

18 And ye shall be brought before governors and kings for my sake, for a testimony against them and the Gentiles.

19 But when they deliver you up, take no thought how or what ye shall speak: for it shall be given you in that same hour what ye shall speak.

20 For it is not ye that speak, but the Spirit of your Father which speaketh in you.

21 And the brother shall deliver up the brother to death, and the father the child: and the children shall rise up against their parents, and cause them to be put to death.

22 And ye shall be hated of all men for my name's sake: but he that endureth to the end shall be saved.

23 But when they persecute you in this city, flee ye into another: for verily I say unto you, Ye shall not have gone over the cities of Israel, till the Son of man be come.

24 The disciple is not above his master, nor the servant above his lord.

25 It is enough for the disciple that he be as his master, and the servant as his lord. If they have called the master of the house Beelzebub, how much more shall they call them of his household?

26 Fear them not therefore: for there is nothing covered, that shall not be revealed; and hid, that shall not be known.

27 What I tell you in darkness, that speak ye in light: and what ye hear in the ear, that preach ye upon the housetops.

28 And fear not them which kill the body, but are not able to kill the soul: but rather fear him which is able to destroy both soul and body in hell.

29 Are not two sparrows sold for a farthing? and one of them shall not fall on the ground without your Father.

30 But the very hairs of your head are all numbered.

31 Fear ye not therefore, ye are of more value than many sparrows.

32 Whosoever therefore shall confess me before men, him will I confess also before my Father which is in heaven.

33 But whosoever shall deny me before men, him will I also deny before my Father which is in heaven.

34 Think not that I am come to send peace on earth: I came not to send peace, but a sword.

35 For I am come to set a man at variance against his father, and the daughter against her mother, and the daughter in law against her mother in law.

36 And a man's foes shall be they of his own household.

37 He that loveth father or mother more than me is not worthy of me: and he that loveth son or daughter more than me is not worthy of me.

38 And he that taketh not his cross, and followeth after me, is not worthy of me.

39 He that findeth his life shall lose it: and he that loseth his life for my sake shall find it.

40 He that receiveth you receiveth me, and he that receiveth me receiveth him that sent me.

41 He that receiveth a prophet in the name of a prophet shall receive a prophet's reward; and he that receiveth a righteous man in the name of a righteous man shall receive a righteous man's reward.

42 And whosoever shall give to drink unto one of these little ones a cup of cold water only in the name of a disciple, verily I say unto you, he shall in no wise lose his reward.

Instructions to the Apostles: The Charter of the Apostolate[a]

Chapter 10

Jesus Sends Out the Twelve Apostles.[b] Calling his twelve disciples together, he gave them authority over unclean spirits, with the power to drive them out and to cure every kind of disease and illness.

These are the names of the twelve apostles: first, Simon, also called Peter, and his brother Andrew; James the son of Zebedee, and his brother John; Philip and Bartholomew; Thomas and Matthew the tax collector; James the son of Alphaeus, and Thaddaeus; Simon the Zealot, and Judas Iscariot,[c] the one who betrayed him.

These twelve Jesus sent forth after giving them the following instructions: “Do not travel[d] to the territory of the Gentiles, and enter no Samaritan town. Go rather to the lost sheep of Israel. And as you go, proclaim: ‘The kingdom of heaven is near.’ Cure the sick, raise the dead, cleanse those who have leprosy, drive out demons. You received without payment; give in the same way. Take along no gold or silver or copper in your purses, 10 no sack for your journey, or an extra tunic, or sandals, or a staff. For the laborer deserves his keep.

11 “Whatever town or village you enter, look for some honorable person who lives there, and stay with him until you leave. 12 As you enter a house, extend your blessing upon it. 13 If the house is worthy, let your peace come upon it, but if it is not worthy, let your peace return to you. 14 If anyone will not welcome you or listen to your message, shake the dust from your feet[e] as you leave that house or town. 15 Amen, I say to you, it will be more bearable for the land of Sodom and Gomorrah[f] on the day of judgment than for that town.

16 No Servant Is above His Master.[g]“I am sending you out like sheep among wolves. Therefore, be as cunning as serpents and yet as innocent as doves. 17 Be on your guard, for people will hand you over to courts[h] and scourge you in their synagogues, 18 and you will be brought before governors and kings because of me to testify before them and the Gentiles.

19 “When they hand you over, do not be concerned about how you are to speak or what you are to say. When the time comes, you will be given what you are to say. 20 For it will not be you who speak but the Spirit of your Father speaking through you.

21 “Brother will betray brother to death, and a father his child. Children will rise up against their parents and have them put to death. 22 You will be hated by all because of my name, but he who stands firm to the end will be saved. 23 When you are persecuted in one town, flee to another. Amen, I say to you, you will not have finished traveling through all the towns of Israel before the Son of Man comes.[i]

24 “No student is greater than his teacher, nor a servant greater than his master. 25 It is enough for the student to be like his teacher and the servant like his master. If they have called the master of the house Beelzebul,[j] how much more those of his household?

26 The Conditions of Discipleship.[k]“Therefore, do not be afraid of them. There is nothing hidden that will not be disclosed, and nothing secret that will not become known. 27 What I say to you in the dark, proclaim in the daylight, and what you hear whispered, shout from the housetops.

28 “Have no fear of those who kill the body but cannot kill the soul. Rather, fear the one who can destroy both soul and body in Gehenna.[l]

29 “Are not two sparrows sold for a penny? Yet not one of them can fall to the ground without your Father’s knowledge. 30 Even the hairs on your head have all been counted. 31 So do not be afraid; you are worth far more than any number of sparrows.

32 “Whoever acknowledges me before men, I will also acknowledge before my Father in heaven. 33 But whoever denies me before men, I also will deny before my heavenly Father.

34 “Do not think that I have come to bring peace to the earth. I have not come to bring peace but a sword.[m]

35 For I have come to set a man against his father,
    a daughter against her mother,
and a daughter-in-law against her mother-in-law;
36     and one’s enemies will be the members of his own household.

37 Whoever Receives You Receives Me.“Anyone who loves his father or mother more than me is not worthy of me, and anyone who loves his son or daughter more than me is not worthy of me, 38 and anyone who does not take up his cross[n] and follow me is not worthy of me. 39 Whoever finds his life will lose it, and whoever loses his life for my sake will find it.[o]

40 “Whoever receives you receives me; and whoever receives me receives the one who sent me. 41 Whoever receives a prophet[p] because he is a prophet will receive a prophet’s reward, and whoever welcomes a righteous man because he is righteous will receive a righteous man’s reward. 42 And whoever gives even a cup of cold water to one of these little ones because he is a disciple, amen, I say to you, he will not go unrewarded.”

Footnotes

  1. Matthew 10:1 This section of Matthew is called the Instructions to the Apostles; collected in it are the texts describing the mission of the disciples, applicable to the early Church and for all future time. The disciples begin the great enterprise; through them Christ’s authority and power continue among human beings—so long as they act truly in his Spirit and share his lot. Thus is born a new People of God.
  2. Matthew 10:1 Israel was made up of twelve tribes; the kingdom of Jesus was to have twelve founders (see Mt 19:28; Rev 21:12-14): the “Twelve” or the “apostles.” The latter is a Greek word (plural) meaning “those who are sent”; Jesus himself chose the term (Lk 6:13).
  3. Matthew 10:4 Iscariot: i.e., “Man from Kerioth,” a place in the southernmost part of Palestine.
  4. Matthew 10:5 Do not travel: the Good News about the kingdom was to be proclaimed first to Jews alone. After his Death and Resurrection, Jesus commanded the disciples to take the message to all nations (Mt 28:19; see Mt 21:43). Samaritans: a race of mixed blood resulting from the intermarriage of Israelites left behind when the people of the northern kingdom were exiled and Gentiles were brought into the land by the Assyrians (2 Ki 17:24). In the time of Jesus, Jews and Samaritans were bitterly opposed to one another (see Jn 4:9).
  5. Matthew 10:14 Shake the dust from your feet: a symbolic act practiced by the Pharisees when they left an unclean Gentile area. Here it represents a solemn warning to those who reject God’s message.
  6. Matthew 10:15 Sodom and Gomorrah: see Gen 19:23-29.
  7. Matthew 10:16 The disciples are prolongations of Christ, so to speak. Whatever happened to him will also happen to them. But if they persevere they will be saved.
  8. Matthew 10:17 Courts: the lower courts, connected with local synagogues, that tried less serious cases and scourged those found guilty.
  9. Matthew 10:23 You will not have finished . . . before the Son of Man comes: this may be interpreted in two ways: (1) the disciples will not have converted all of Israel before the Second Coming of Christ; (2) the disciples will not have preached the Gospel in all the towns of Palestine before the destruction of Jerusalem occurs in A.D. 70, which is a portent of the end of the world.
  10. Matthew 10:25 Beelzebul: “Baal the Prince,” or Beelzebub, “Lord of the Flies.” The former is the name of an ancient pagan divinity (see 2 Ki 1:1-14), the latter a contemptuous distortion of the name.
  11. Matthew 10:26 In the face of fierce opposition and trials of all kinds, the apostles must not lose heart, for they will be given the courage to bear true witness to Jesus and his message.
  12. Matthew 10:28 Gehenna: see note on Mt 5:22.
  13. Matthew 10:34 As Simeon predicted (Lk 2:34), Jesus will be a sign of contradiction even within families. Those who accept the Gospel will be at peace with God, but they will have to bear persecution at the hands of those who do not.
  14. Matthew 10:38 Take up his cross: this is the first time Matthew mentions the cross, which was an instrument of death. The picture is of a man, already condemned, required to carry the beam of his own cross to the place of execution (see Jn 19:17). Here it symbolizes the necessity of total commitment—even unto death—on the part of Jesus’ disciples.
  15. Matthew 10:39 Those who renounce their earthly life in order to confess Jesus will obtain the happiness of eternal life.
  16. Matthew 10:41 Prophet: the last prophet of the old covenant was John the Baptist.