Matthew 24
Wycliffe Bible
24 And Jesus went out of the temple [And Jesus gone out of the temple, went]; and his disciples came to him, to show him the buildings of the temple.
2 But he answered, and said to them, See ye all these things? Truly I say to you, a stone shall not be left here on one stone, that not it shall be destroyed [Truly I say to you, a stone shall not be left here on a stone, which shall not destroyed].
3 And when he sat on the mount of Olives, his disciples came to him privily, and said [saying], Say to us, when these things shall be, and what token of thy coming, and of the ending of the world.
4 And Jesus answered, and said to them, Look ye [See ye], that no man deceive you.
5 For many shall come in my name, and shall say, I am Christ [For many shall come in my name, saying, I am Christ]; and they shall deceive many.
6 For ye shall hear battles, and opinions of battles; see ye that ye be not disturbed [see ye, that ye be not distroubled]; for it behooveth these things to be done, but not yet is the end.
7 For folk shall rise together against folk, and realm against realm, and pestilences, and hungers, and earth-movings shall be by places;
8 and all these be beginnings of sorrows.
9 Then men shall betake you into tribulation, and shall slay you, and ye shall be in hate to all folks for my name. [Then they shall betake you into tribulation, and they shall slay you, and ye shall be in hatred to all folks for my name.]
10 And then many shall be caused to stumble [And then many shall be offended], and [they shall] betray each other, and they shall hate each other.
11 And many false prophets shall rise, and [they shall] deceive many.
12 And for wickedness shall be plenteous, the charity of many shall wax cold;
13 but he that shall dwell still into the end, shall be safe.[a]
14 And this gospel of the kingdom shall be preached in all the world, in [into] witnessing to all folks; and then the end shall come.
15 Therefore when ye see the abomination of discomfort [Therefore when ye shall see the abomination of discording], that is said of Daniel, the prophet, standing in the holy place; he that readeth, understand he [he that readeth, understand];
16 then they that be in Judaea, flee to the mountains;
17 and he that is in the house roof, come not down to take any thing of his house;
18 and he that is in the field, turn not again to take his coat.
19 But woe to them that be with child, and nourishing in those days [and nursing in those days].
20 [Soothly] Pray ye, that your flying be not made in winter, or in the sabbath.
21 For then shall be great tribulation, what manner was not from the beginning of the world to now [what manner was not from the beginning of the world till now], neither shall be made.
22 And but those days had been abridged, each flesh should not be made safe[b]; but those days shall be made short, for the chosen men.
23 Then if any man [shall] say to you, Lo! here is Christ, or there, do not ye believe.
24 For false Christs and false prophets shall rise, and they shall give great tokens and wonders [and they shall give great signs and wonders]; so that also the chosen be led into error, if it may be done.
25 Lo! I have before-said to you.
26 Therefore if they [shall] say to you, Lo! he is in desert, do not ye go out; lo! he is in privy places [lo! in privy chambers, or places], do not ye believe.
27 For as lightning goeth out from the east, and appeareth [till] into the west, so shall be also the coming of man's Son.
28 Where ever the body shall be, also the eagles shall be gathered thither.
29 And at once [Forsooth anon] after the tribulation of those days, the sun shall be made dark, and the moon shall not give her light, and the stars shall fall from heaven, and the virtues of heavens shall be moved [and the virtues of heavens shall be stirred].
30 And then the token of man's Son shall appear in heaven, and then all the kindreds of the earth shall wail [and then all the kindreds, or lineages, of the earth shall wail]; and they shall see man's Son coming in the clouds of heaven, with much virtue and majesty.
31 And he shall send his angels with a trumpet, and a great voice; and they shall gather his chosen from four winds, from the highest things of heaven to the ends of them. [And he shall send his angels with a trump, and great voice; and they shall gather his chosen from four winds, from the highest things of heavens till to the terms, or ends, of them.]
32 And learn ye the parable of the fig tree. When his branch is now tender, and the leaves be sprung, ye know that summer is nigh;
33 so and ye when ye shall see all these things [so also when ye shall see all these things], know ye that it is nigh, in the gates.
34 Truly I say to you, for this generation shall not pass, till all things be done;
35 heaven and earth shall pass, but my words shall not pass.
36 But of that day and hour no man knoweth, neither [the] angels of heaven [neither the angels of heavens], but the Father alone.
37 But as it was in the days of Noe, so shall be [also] the coming of man's Son.
38 For as in the days before the great flood, they were eating and drinking, wedding and taking to wedding, till that day [till into the day], that Noe entered into the ship;
39 and they knew not, till the great flood came, and took all men, so shall be the coming of man's Son.
40 Then twain shall be in a field [Then two shall be in a field], one shall be taken, and the other left;
41 two women shall be grinding in a quern [two women shall be grinding in one mill], one shall be taken, and the other left; twain in a bed [two in a bed], the one shall be taken, and the other left.
42 Therefore wake ye, for ye know not in what hour the Lord shall come. [Therefore wake ye, for ye know not in what hour your Lord is to come.]
43 But know ye this, that if the husbandman knew in what hour the thief were to come [for if the husbandman knew in what hour the thief should come], certainly he would wake, and suffer not his house to be undermined.
44 And therefore [also] be ye ready [Therefore and ye be ready], for in what hour ye guess not, man's Son shall come.
45 Who guessest thou is a true servant and prudent [Who guessest thou is a faithful servant and prudent], whom his lord ordained on his household, to give them meat in time?
46 Blessed is that servant, whom his lord, when he shall come [when he come], shall find so doing.
47 Truly I say to you, for on [upon] all his goods he shall ordain him.
48 But if that evil servant [shall] say in his heart, My lord tarrieth to come,
49 and beginneth to smite his even-servants [and shall begin to smite his even-servants], and to eat, and drink with drunken men;
50 the lord of that servant shall come in the day [in] which he hopeth not, and in the hour that he knoweth not,
51 and shall part him (in pieces), and put his part with hypocrites; there shall be weeping, and grinding of teeth [there shall be weeping, and beating together of teeth].
Footnotes
- Matthew 24:13 forsooth he that shall dwell stable/steadfast unto the end, this shall be safe.
- Matthew 24:22 And but those days had been abridged, all flesh, that is mankind, should not be made safe/had not be saved
Matthew 24
New Matthew Bible
Christ reveals to his disciples the destruction of the temple, the end of the world, and the signs of the latter days. He warns them to awake, for the world will suddenly perish.
24 And Jesus went out and departed from the temple, and his disciples came to him to show him the buildings of the temple. 2 Jesus said to them, Do you not see all these things? Truly I say to you, there shall not be left here one stone upon another that will not be cast down.
3 And as he sat on the Mount of Olives, his disciples came to him privately, saying, Tell us when these things will be, and what sign will be of your coming, and of the end of the world.
4 And Jesus answered and said to them, Take heed that no one deceives you. 5 For many will come in my name saying, I am Christ! and will deceive many. 6 You will hear of wars and of the infamy of wars. But see that you be not troubled. For all these things must come to pass, but the end is not yet. 7 For nation will rise against nation, and realm against realm. And there will be pestilence, hunger, and earthquakes in all quarters. 8 All these are the beginning of sorrows.
9 Then they will put you to tribulation, and will kill you, and you will be hated by all nations for my name’s sake. 10 And then shall many fall into offence, and will betray one another, and will hate one another. 11 And many false prophets will arise, and will deceive many. 12 And because iniquity will have the upper hand, the love of many will abate.
13 But he who endures to the end, the same will be saved. 14 And this glad tidings of the kingdom shall be preached in all the world, for a witness to all nations; and then shall the end come.
15 When you therefore see the abomination that betokens desolation spoken of by Daniel the prophet stand in the holy place, let him who reads it, understand it. 16 Then let those who are in Judea flee into the mountains. 17 And let him who is on the housetop not come down to fetch anything out of his house. 18 Neither let him who is in the field return back to fetch his clothes. 19 Woe shall be in those days to women that are with child, and to those who give suck. 20 But pray that your flight be not in the winter, neither on the Sabbath day. 21 For then will be great tribulation, such as was not from the beginning of the world to this time, nor will be. 22 Yea and unless those days were shortened, no flesh would be saved. But for the sake of the chosen, those days will be shortened.
23 Then if anyone says to you, See, here is Christ! or, There is Christ! – believe it not. 24 For false christs and false prophets will arise, and will do great miracles and wonders, insomuch that if it were possible, the very elect should be deceived. 25 Take heed, I have told you beforehand. 26 So if they say to you, Behold, he is in the desert! go not forth; or, Behold, he is in the secret places! believe it not. 27 For as the lightning comes out of the east and shines to the west, so will the coming of the Son of man be. 28 For wherever the dead body is, there will the eagles resort.
29 Immediately after the tribulations of those days, the sun will be darkened, and the moon will not give her light, and the stars will fall from heaven, and the powers of heaven shall move. 30 And then will appear the sign of the Son of man in heaven. And then shall all the kindreds of the earth mourn, and they shall see the Son of man come in the clouds of heaven with power and great glory. 31 And he will send his angels with the great voice of a trumpet, and they will gather together his chosen from the four winds, and from the one end of the world to the other.
32 Learn from a similitude of the fig tree: when its branches are yet tender and its leaves sprung, you know that summer is near. 33 So likewise you, when you see all these things, may be sure that it is near, even at the doors. 34 Truly I say to you that this generation shall not pass till all these things be fulfilled.
35 Heaven and earth shall perish, but my words will abide. 36 But of that day and hour no man knows – no, not the angels of heaven, but my Father only. 37 As the time of Noah was, so likewise will the coming of the Son of man be. 38 For as in the days before the flood they were eating and drinking, marrying and were married, right up to the day that Noah entered into the ship, 39 and knew of nothing till the flood came and took them all away, so also will the coming of the Son of man be. 40 Then two will be in the fields; the one will be received, and the other will be refused. 41 Two will be grinding at the mill; the one will be received, and the other will be refused.
42 Watch therefore, because you do not know what hour your master will come. 43 Of this be sure: if the householder knew what hour the thief would come, he would surely watch, and not allow his house to be broken into. 44 Therefore you also be ready, because in the hour you think he would not, the Son of man will come.
45 If there be any servant faithful and wise, whom his master has appointed over his household, to give them food in due season, 46 happy is that servant whom his master (when he comes) finds so doing. 47 Truly I say to you, he will appoint him over all his goods. 48 But if the evil servant says in his heart, My master will defer his coming, 49 and begins to smite his fellow servants, yea and to eat and to drink with the drunken, 50 the servant’s master will come in a day when he is not expecting him, and in an hour that he is not aware of, 51 and will separate him, and give him his reward with the hypocrites. And there shall be weeping and gnashing of teeth.
Matthew 24
1599 Geneva Bible
24 2 The destruction of the Temple. 4 The signs of Christ’s coming. 12 Iniquity. 23 False Christs. 29 The signs of the end of the world. 31 The Angels. 32 The fig tree. 37 The days of Noah. 42 We must watch. 45 The servant.
1 And (A)Jesus went out, and departed from the Temple, and his disciples came to him, to show him the building of the Temple.
2 [a]And Jesus said unto them, See ye not all these things? Verily I say unto you, (B)there shall not be here left a stone upon a stone, that shall not be cast down.
3 And as he sat upon the mount of Olives, his disciples came unto him apart, saying, Tell us when these things shall be, and what sign shall be of thy coming, and of the end of the world.
4 [b]And Jesus answered, and said unto them, (C)Take heed that no man deceive you.
5 For many shall come in my Name, saying, I am Christ, and shall deceive many.
6 And ye shall hear of wars, and rumors of wars: see that ye be not (D)troubled: for all these things must come to pass, but the [c]end is not yet.
7 For nation shall rise against nation, and realm against realm, and there shall be famine, and pestilence, and earthquakes in [d]divers places.
8 All these are but the beginning of [e]sorrows.
9 (E)Then shall they deliver you up to be afflicted, and shall kill you, and ye shall be hated of all nations for my Name’s sake.
10 And then shall many be offended, and shall betray one another, and shall hate one another.
11 And many false prophets shall arise, and shall deceive many.
12 And because iniquity shall be increased, the love of many shall be cold.
13 (F)[f]But he that endureth to the end, he shall be saved.
14 And this [g]Gospel of the kingdom shall be preached through the whole [h]world for a witness unto all nations, and then shall the end come.
15 ¶ [i]When ye (G)therefore shall see the [j]abomination of desolation spoken of by (H)Daniel the Prophet, set in the holy place (let him that readeth consider it.)
16 Then let them which be in Judea, flee into the mountains.
17 Let him which is on the housetop, not come down to fetch anything out of his house.
18 And he that is in the field, let not him return back to fetch his [k]clothes.
19 And woe shall be to them that are with child, and to them that give suck in those days.
20 But pray that your flight be not in the winter, neither on the (I)[l]Sabbath day.
21 For then shall be great tribulation, such as was not from the beginning of the world to this time, nor shall be.
22 And except [m]those days should be shortened, there should no [n]flesh be saved: but for the elect’s sake those days shall be shortened.
23 (J)Then if any man shall say unto you, Lo, here is Christ, or there, believe it not.
24 For there shall arise false Christs, and false prophets, and [o]shall show great signs and wonders, so that if it were possible, they should deceive the very elect.
25 Behold, I have told you before.
26 Wherefore if they shall say unto you, Behold, he is in the desert, go not forth: Behold, he is in the secret places, believe it not.
27 For as the lightning cometh out of the East, and is seen into the West, so shall also the coming of the Son of man be.
28 (K)[p]For wheresoever a dead [q]carcass is, thither will the Eagles be gathered together.
29 (L)[r]And immediately after the tribulations of those days shall the sun be darkened, and the moon shall not give her light, and the stars shall fall from heaven, and the powers of heaven shall be shaken.
30 And then shall appear the [s]sign of the Son of man in heaven: and then shall all the [t]kindreds of the earth [u]mourn, (M)and they shall see the Son of man [v]come in the clouds of heaven with power and great glory.
31 (N)And he shall send his Angels with a great sound of a trumpet, and they shall gather together his elect, from the [w]four winds, and from the one end of the heavens unto the other.
32 [x]Now learn the parable of the fig tree: when her bough is yet [y]tender, and it putteth forth leaves, ye know that summer is near.
33 So likewise ye, when ye see all these things, know that the kingdom of God is near, even at the doors.
34 Verily I say unto you, this [z]generation shall not pass, till all these things be done.
35 (O)[aa]Heaven and earth shall pass away: but my words shall not pass away.
36 [ab]But of that day and hour knoweth no man, no not the Angels of heaven, but my father only.
37 But as the days of Noah were, so likewise shall the coming of the Son of man be.
38 (P)For as in the days before the flood, they did [ac]eat and drink, marry, and give in marriage, unto the day that Noah entered into the Ark,
39 And knew nothing, till the flood came, and took them all away, so shall also the coming of the Son of man be.
40 (Q)[ad]Then two shall be in the fields, the one shall be received, and the other shall be refused.
41 [ae]Two women shall be grinding at the mill: the one shall be received, and the other shall be refused.
42 (R)[af]Watch therefore: for ye know not what hour your master will come.
43 (S)Of this be sure, that if the good man of the house knew at what watch the thief would come, he would surely watch, and not suffer his house to be dug through.
44 Therefore be ye also ready: for in the hour that ye think not, will the Son of man come.
45 (T)Who then is a faithful servant and wise, whom his master hath made ruler over his household, to give them meat in season?
46 Blessed is that servant, whom his master when he cometh, shall find so doing.
47 Verily I say unto you, he shall make him ruler over all his goods.
48 But if that evil servant shall say in his heart, My master doth defer his coming,
49 And begin to smite his fellows, and to eat, and to drink with the drunken,
50 That servant’s master will come in a day, when he looketh not for him, and in an hour that he is not aware of,
51 And will [ag]cut him off, and give him his portion with hypocrites: (U)there shall be weeping and gnashing of teeth.
Footnotes
- Matthew 24:2 The destruction of the city, and especially of the Temple is foretold.
- Matthew 24:4 The Church shall have a continual conflict with infinite miseries and offences, and that more is, with false prophets, until the day of victory and triumph cometh.
- Matthew 24:6 That is, when those things are fulfilled, yet the end shall not come.
- Matthew 24:7 Everywhere.
- Matthew 24:8 Word for word, of great torments, like unto women in travail.
- Matthew 24:13 The Gospel shall be spread abroad, rage the devil never so much: and they which do constantly believe, shall be saved.
- Matthew 24:14 Joyful tidings of the kingdom of heaven.
- Matthew 24:14 Through all that part that is dwelt in.
- Matthew 24:15 The Kingdom of Christ shall not be abolished when the city of Jerusalem is utterly destroyed, but shall be stretched out even to the end of the world.
- Matthew 24:15 The abomination of desolation, that is to say, which all men detest and cannot abide, by reason of the foul and shameful filthiness of it: and he speaketh of the idols that were set up in the Temple, or as others think, he meant the morning of the doctrine in the Church.
- Matthew 24:18 This betokeneth the great fear that shall be.
- Matthew 24:20 It was not lawful to take a journey on the Sabbath day; Josephus, book 13.
- Matthew 24:22 Those things which befell the people of the Jews, in the 34 years, when as the whole land was wasted, and at length the city of Jerusalem taken, and both it and their Temple destroyed, are mixed with those which shall come to pass before the last coming of our Lord.
- Matthew 24:22 The whole nation should utterly be destroyed: and this word Flesh is by a figure taken for man, as the Hebrews used to speak.
- Matthew 24:24 Shall openly lay forth great signs for men to behold.
- Matthew 24:28 The only remedy against the furious rage of the world, is to be gathered and joined to Christ.
- Matthew 24:28 Christ, who will come with speed and his presence will be with a majesty to whom all shall flock even as Eagles.
- Matthew 24:29 Everlasting damnation shall be the end of the security of the wicked, and everlasting bliss, of the miseries of the godly.
- Matthew 24:30 The exceeding glory and majesty, which shall bear witness, that Christ the Lord of heaven and earth draweth near to judge the world.
- Matthew 24:30 All nations: and he alludeth to the dispersion which we read of, Gen. 10 and 11, or to the dividing of the people of Israel.
- Matthew 24:30 They shall be in such sorrow, that they shall strike themselves: and it is transferred to the mourning.
- Matthew 24:30 Sitting upon the clouds, as he was taken up into heaven.
- Matthew 24:31 From the four quarters of the world.
- Matthew 24:32 If God hath prescribed a certain order to nature, much more hath he done so to his eternal judgments, but the wicked understand it not, or rather make a mock at it: but the godly do mark it, and wait for it.
- Matthew 24:32 When his tenderness showeth that the sap which is the life of the tree, is come from the root into the bark.
- Matthew 24:34 This age: this word generation or Age, being used for the men of this age.
- Matthew 24:35 The Lord doth now begin the judgment, which he will make an end of in the latter day.
- Matthew 24:36 It is sufficient for us to know that God hath appointed a latter day for the restoring of all things, but when it shall be, it is hidden from us all, for our profit, that we may be so much the more watchful, that we be not taken as they were in old time in the flood.
- Matthew 24:38 The word which the Evangelist useth, expresseth the matter more fully than ours doth: for it is a word which is proper to brute beasts: and his meaning is, that in those days men shall be given to their bellies like unto brute beasts: for otherwise it is no fault to eat and drink.
- Matthew 24:40 Against them that persuade themselves that God will be merciful to all men, and do by that means give over themselves to sin, that they may in the meanwhile live in pleasure void of all care.
- Matthew 24:41 The Greek women and the Barbarians did grind and bake. (Plutarch, book Problem)
- Matthew 24:42 An example of the horrible carelessness of men in those things whereof they ought to be most careful.
- Matthew 24:51 To wit, from the rest, or will cut him into two parts, which was a most cruel kind of punishment, wherewith as Justin Martyr witnesseth, Isaiah the Prophet was executed by the Jews: the like kind of punishment we read of, 1 Sam. 15:33 and Dan. 3:29.
Matthew 24
Authorized (King James) Version
24 And Jesus went out, and departed from the temple: and his disciples came to him for to shew him the buildings of the temple. 2 And Jesus said unto them, See ye not all these things? verily I say unto you, There shall not be left here one stone upon another, that shall not be thrown down.
3 And as he sat upon the mount of Olives, the disciples came unto him privately, saying, Tell us, when shall these things be? and what shall be the sign of thy coming, and of the end of the world? 4 And Jesus answered and said unto them, Take heed that no man deceive you. 5 For many shall come in my name, saying, I am Christ; and shall deceive many. 6 And ye shall hear of wars and rumours of wars: see that ye be not troubled: for all these things must come to pass, but the end is not yet. 7 For nation shall rise against nation, and kingdom against kingdom: and there shall be famines, and pestilences, and earthquakes, in divers places. 8 All these are the beginning of sorrows.
9 Then shall they deliver you up to be afflicted, and shall kill you: and ye shall be hated of all nations for my name’s sake. 10 And then shall many be offended, and shall betray one another, and shall hate one another. 11 And many false prophets shall rise, and shall deceive many. 12 And because iniquity shall abound, the love of many shall wax cold. 13 But he that shall endure unto the end, the same shall be saved. 14 And this gospel of the kingdom shall be preached in all the world for a witness unto all nations; and then shall the end come.
15 When ye therefore shall see the abomination of desolation, spoken of by Daniel the prophet, stand in the holy place, (whoso readeth, let him understand:) 16 then let them which be in Judæa flee into the mountains: 17 let him which is on the housetop not come down to take any thing out of his house: 18 neither let him which is in the field return back to take his clothes. 19 And woe unto them that are with child, and to them that give suck in those days! 20 But pray ye that your flight be not in the winter, neither on the sabbath day: 21 for then shall be great tribulation, such as was not since the beginning of the world to this time, no, nor ever shall be. 22 And except those days should be shortened, there should no flesh be saved: but for the elect’s sake those days shall be shortened.
23 Then if any man shall say unto you, Lo, here is Christ, or there; believe it not. 24 For there shall arise false Christs, and false prophets, and shall shew great signs and wonders; insomuch that, if it were possible, they shall deceive the very elect. 25 Behold, I have told you before. 26 Wherefore if they shall say unto you, Behold, he is in the desert; go not forth: behold, he is in the secret chambers; believe it not. 27 For as the lightning cometh out of the east, and shineth even unto the west; so shall also the coming of the Son of man be. 28 For wheresoever the carcase is, there will the eagles be gathered together.
29 Immediately after the tribulation of those days shall the sun be darkened, and the moon shall not give her light, and the stars shall fall from heaven, and the powers of the heavens shall be shaken: 30 and then shall appear the sign of the Son of man in heaven: and then shall all the tribes of the earth mourn, and they shall see the Son of man coming in the clouds of heaven with power and great glory. 31 And he shall send his angels with a great sound of a trumpet, and they shall gather together his elect from the four winds, from one end of heaven to the other.
32 Now learn a parable of the fig tree; When his branch is yet tender, and putteth forth leaves, ye know that summer is nigh: 33 so likewise ye, when ye shall see all these things, know that it is near, even at the doors. 34 Verily I say unto you, This generation shall not pass, till all these things be fulfilled. 35 Heaven and earth shall pass away, but my words shall not pass away.
36 But of that day and hour knoweth no man, no, not the angels of heaven, but my Father only. 37 But as the days of Noe were, so shall also the coming of the Son of man be. 38 For as in the days that were before the flood they were eating and drinking, marrying and giving in marriage, until the day that Noe entered into the ark, 39 and knew not until the flood came, and took them all away; so shall also the coming of the Son of man be. 40 Then shall two be in the field; the one shall be taken, and the other left. 41 Two women shall be grinding at the mill; the one shall be taken, and the other left. 42 Watch therefore: for ye know not what hour your Lord doth come.
43 But know this, that if the goodman of the house had known in what watch the thief would come, he would have watched, and would not have suffered his house to be broken up. 44 Therefore be ye also ready: for in such an hour as ye think not the Son of man cometh. 45 Who then is a faithful and wise servant, whom his lord hath made ruler over his household, to give them meat in due season? 46 Blessed is that servant, whom his lord when he cometh shall find so doing. 47 Verily I say unto you, That he shall make him ruler over all his goods. 48 But and if that evil servant shall say in his heart, My lord delayeth his coming; 49 and shall begin to smite his fellowservants, and to eat and drink with the drunken; 50 the lord of that servant shall come in a day when he looketh not for him, and in an hour that he is not aware of, 51 and shall cut him asunder, and appoint him his portion with the hypocrites: there shall be weeping and gnashing of teeth.
2001 by Terence P. Noble
Copyright © 2016 by Ruth Magnusson (Davis). Includes emendations to February 2022. All rights reserved.
Geneva Bible, 1599 Edition. Published by Tolle Lege Press. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, without written permission from the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations in articles, reviews, and broadcasts.
KJV reproduced by permission of Cambridge University Press, the Crown’s patentee in the UK.