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Die Bergpredigt, 5–7
Die Seligpreisungen

Als er aber die Volksmenge sah, stieg er auf den Berg[a]; und als er sich setzte, traten seine Jünger zu ihm. Und er tat seinen Mund auf, lehrte sie und sprach:

Selig sind die geistlich Armen; denn ihrer ist das Himmelreich!
Selig sind die Trauernden; denn sie sollen getröstet werden!
Selig sind die Sanftmütigen; denn sie werden das Land ererben !
Selig sind, die nach der Gerechtigkeit hungern und dürsten; denn sie sollen satt werden!
Selig sind die Barmherzigen; denn sie werden Barmherzigkeit erlangen!
Selig sind, die reines Herzens sind; denn sie werden Gott schauen!
Selig sind die Friedfertigen; denn sie werden Gottes Kinder heißen!
10 Selig sind, die um der Gerechtigkeit willen verfolgt werden; denn ihrer ist das Himmelreich!

11 Selig seid ihr, wenn sie euch schmähen und verfolgen und lügnerisch allerlei Arges wider euch reden um meinetwillen! 12 Freuet euch und frohlocket; denn euer Lohn ist groß im Himmel; denn also haben sie die Propheten verfolgt, die vor euch gewesen sind.

Die Jünger - das Salz der Erde, das Licht der Welt

13 Ihr seid das Salz der Erde. Wenn aber das Salz fade wird, womit soll es wieder salzig gemacht werden? Es taugt zu nichts mehr, als daß es hinausgeworfen und von den Leuten zertreten werde.

14 Ihr seid das Licht der Welt. Es kann eine Stadt, die auf einem Berge liegt, nicht verborgen bleiben. 15 Man zündet auch nicht ein Licht an und setzt es unter den Scheffel, sondern auf den Leuchter, so leuchtet es allen, die im Hause sind. 16 So soll euer Licht leuchten vor den Leuten, daß sie eure guten Werke sehen und euren Vater im Himmel preisen.

Die Erfüllung des Gesetzes und der Propheten

17 Ihr sollt nicht wähnen, daß ich gekommen sei, das Gesetz oder die Propheten aufzulösen! Ich bin nicht gekommen aufzulösen, sondern zu erfüllen. 18 Denn wahrlich, ich sage euch, bis daß Himmel und Erde vergangen sind, wird nicht ein Jota[b] noch ein einziges Strichlein vom Gesetz vergehen, bis alles geschehen ist. 19 Wer nun eines von diesen kleinsten Geboten auflöst und die Leute also lehrt, der wird der Kleinste heißen im Himmelreich, wer sie aber tut und lehrt, der wird groß heißen im Himmelreich. 20 Denn ich sage euch: Wenn eure Gerechtigkeit die der Schriftgelehrten und Pharisäer nicht weit übertrifft, so werdet ihr gar nicht in das Himmelreich eingehen!

Schimpfworte - Gaben - Versöhnung

21 Ihr habt gehört, daß zu den Alten gesagt ist: „Du sollst nicht töten“; wer aber tötet, der wird dem Gericht verfallen sein. 22 Ich aber sage euch: Jeder, der seinem Bruder zürnt, wird dem Gericht verfallen sein. Wer aber zu seinem Bruder sagt: Raka[c]! der wird dem Hohen Rat verfallen sein. Wer aber sagt: Du Narr! der wird dem höllischen Feuer verfallen sein.

23 Wenn du nun deine Gabe zum Altar bringst und daselbst eingedenk wirst, daß dein Bruder etwas wider dich habe, 24 so laß deine Gabe dort vor dem Altar und gehe zuvor hin und versöhne dich mit deinem Bruder und alsdann komm und opfere deine Gabe.

25 Sei deinem Widersacher bald geneigt, während du noch mit ihm auf dem Wege bist; damit der Widersacher dich nicht etwa dem Richter überantworte, und der Richter dich dem Gerichtsdiener übergebe, und du ins Gefängnis geworfen werdest. 26 Wahrlich, ich sage dir, du wirst von dort nicht herauskommen, bis du den letzten Heller bezahlt hast!

Begehren - Ehebruch - Scheidung

27 Ihr habt gehört, daß zu den Alten gesagt ist: „Du sollst nicht ehebrechen!“ 28 Ich aber sage euch: Wer ein Weib ansieht, ihrer zu begehren, der hat in seinem Herzen schon Ehebruch mit ihr begangen. 29 Wenn dir aber dein rechtes Auge ein Anstoß zur Sünde wird, so reiß es aus und wirf es von dir. Denn es ist besser für dich, daß eins deiner Glieder verloren gehe, als daß dein ganzer Leib in die Hölle geworfen werde. 30 Und wenn deine rechte Hand für dich ein Anstoß zur Sünde wird, so haue sie ab und wirf sie von dir. Denn es ist besser für dich, daß eins deiner Glieder verloren gehe, als daß dein ganzer Leib in die Hölle geworfen werde.

31 Es ist auch gesagt: „Wer sich von seiner Frau scheidet, der gebe ihr einen Scheidebrief.“ 32 Ich aber sage euch: Wer sich von seiner Frau scheidet, ausgenommen wegen Unzucht, der macht, daß sie die Ehe bricht. Und wer eine Geschiedene zur Ehe nimmt, der bricht die Ehe.

Schwören und Vergelten

33 Wiederum habt ihr gehört, daß zu den Alten gesagt ist: „Du sollst nicht falsch schwören; du sollst aber dem Herrn deine Schwüre halten.“ 34 Ich aber sage euch, daß ihr überhaupt nicht schwören sollt, weder bei dem Himmel, denn er ist Gottes Thron, 35 noch bei der Erde, denn sie ist seiner Füße Schemel, noch bei Jerusalem, denn sie ist des großen Königs Stadt. 36 Auch bei deinem Haupte sollst du nicht schwören; denn du vermagst kein einziges Haar weiß oder schwarz zu machen. 37 Es sei aber eure Rede: Ja, ja! Nein, nein! Was darüber ist, das ist vom Bösen.

38 Ihr habt gehört, daß gesagt ist: „Auge um Auge und Zahn um Zahn[d]!“ 39 Ich aber sage euch: Ihr sollt dem Bösen nicht widerstehen; sondern wenn dich jemand auf deinen rechten Backen schlägt, so biete ihm auch den andern dar; 40 und wer mit dir rechten und deinen Rock nehmen will, dem laß auch den Mantel; 41 und wenn dich jemand eine Meile weit zu gehen nötigt, so gehe mit ihm zwei. 42 Gib dem, der dich bittet, und wende dich nicht ab von dem, der von dir borgen will.

Liebe zu den Feinden

43 Ihr habt gehört, daß gesagt ist: „Du sollst deinen Nächsten lieben und deinen Feind hassen!“ 44 Ich aber sage euch: Liebet eure Feinde, segnet, die euch fluchen, tut wohl denen, die euch hassen, und bittet für die, so euch beleidigen und verfolgen; 45 auf daß ihr Kinder eures Vaters im Himmel seid. Denn er läßt seine Sonne aufgehen über Böse und Gute und läßt regnen über Gerechte und Ungerechte. 46 Denn wenn ihr die liebt, die euch lieben, was habt ihr für einen Lohn? Tun nicht die Zöllner dasselbe? 47 Und wenn ihr nur eure Brüder grüßt, was tut ihr Besonderes? Tun nicht auch die Heiden ebenso? 48 Darum sollt ihr vollkommen sein, gleichwie euer himmlischer Vater vollkommen ist!

Footnotes

  1. Matthäus 5:1 Berg, Anhöhe oder Hügel unweit des Seeufers
  2. Matthäus 5:18 Jota, der kleinste Buchstaben des griechischen Alphabetes, entspricht dem i
  3. Matthäus 5:22 Raka, d.h. Nichtsnutz
  4. Matthäus 5:38 + 2M 21:24; + 3M 24:20; 5M 19:21

The Sermon on the Mount

When He saw the crowds, He went up on the mountain,(A) and after He sat down, His disciples came to Him. Then[a] He began to teach them, saying:(B)

The Beatitudes

“The poor in spirit are blessed,(C)
for the kingdom of heaven(D) is theirs.
Those who mourn are blessed,(E)
for they will be comforted.
The gentle are blessed,(F)
for they will inherit the earth.
Those who hunger and thirst for righteousness are blessed,(G)
for they will be filled.
The merciful are blessed,
for they will be shown mercy.(H)
The pure in heart are blessed,
for they will see God.(I)
The peacemakers are blessed,
for they will be called sons of God.(J)
10 Those who are persecuted for righteousness are blessed,
for the kingdom of heaven(K) is theirs.

11 “You are blessed when they insult and persecute you and falsely say every kind of evil against you because of Me. 12 Be glad and rejoice, because your reward is great in heaven. For that is how they persecuted(L) the prophets who were before you.(M)

Believers Are Salt and Light

13 “You are the salt of the earth. But if the salt should lose its taste, how can it be made salty? It’s no longer good for anything but to be thrown out and trampled on by men.(N)

14 “You are the light of the world. A city situated on a hill cannot be hidden.(O) 15 No one lights a lamp(P) and puts it under a basket,[b] but rather on a lampstand, and it gives light for all who are in the house.(Q) 16 In the same way, let your light shine[c] before men, so that they may see your good works and give glory to your Father in heaven.(R)

Christ Fulfills the Law

17 “Don’t assume that I came to destroy the Law or the Prophets. I did not come to destroy but to fulfill.(S) 18 For I assure you: Until heaven and earth pass away, not the smallest letter[d] or one stroke of a letter will pass from the law until all things are accomplished. 19 Therefore, whoever breaks one of the least of these commands and teaches people to do so will be called least in the kingdom of heaven. But whoever practices and teaches these commands will be called great in the kingdom of heaven.(T) 20 For I tell you, unless your righteousness surpasses that of the scribes and Pharisees, you will never enter the kingdom of heaven.

Murder Begins in the Heart

21 “You have heard that it was said to our ancestors,[e] Do not murder,(U)[f] and whoever murders will be subject to judgment.(V) 22 But I tell you, everyone who is angry with his brother[g] will be subject to judgment. And whoever says to his brother, ‘Fool!’[h] will be subject to the Sanhedrin. But whoever says, ‘You moron!’ will be subject to hellfire.[i](W) 23 So if you are offering your gift on the altar, and there you remember that your brother has something against you, 24 leave your gift there in front of the altar. First go and be reconciled with your brother, and then come and offer your gift. 25 Reach a settlement quickly with your adversary while you’re on the way with him, or your adversary will hand you over to the judge, the judge to[j] the officer, and you will be thrown into prison.(X) 26 I assure you: You will never get out of there until you have paid the last penny![k]

Adultery in the Heart

27 “You have heard that it was said, Do not commit adultery.(Y)[l] 28 But I tell you, everyone who looks at a woman to lust for her has already committed adultery with her in his heart.(Z) 29 If your right eye causes you to sin,(AA) gouge it out and throw it away. For it is better that you lose one of the parts of your body than for your whole body to be thrown into hell.(AB) 30 And if your right hand causes you to sin, cut it off and throw it away. For it is better that you lose one of the parts of your body than for your whole body to go into hell!

Divorce Practices Censured

31 “It was also said, Whoever divorces(AC) his wife must give her a written notice of divorce.(AD)[m] 32 But I tell you, everyone who divorces his wife, except in a case of sexual immorality,[n] causes her to commit adultery. And whoever marries a divorced woman commits adultery.(AE)

Tell the Truth

33 “Again, you have heard that it was said to our ancestors,[o] You must not break your oath, but you must keep your oaths to the Lord.(AF)[p] 34 But I tell you, don’t take an oath at all: either by heaven, because it is God’s throne; 35 or by the earth, because it is His footstool; or by Jerusalem, because it is the city of the great King.(AG) 36 Neither should you swear by your head, because you cannot make a single hair white or black. 37 But let your word ‘yes’ be ‘yes,’ and your ‘no’ be ‘no.’[q] Anything more than this is from the evil one.(AH)

Go the Second Mile

38 “You have heard that it was said, An eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth.(AI)[r] 39 But I tell you, don’t resist[s] an evildoer. On the contrary, if anyone slaps you on your right cheek, turn the other to him also.(AJ) 40 As for the one who wants to sue you and take away your shirt,[t] let him have your coat[u] as well. 41 And if anyone forces[v] you to go one mile, go with him two. 42 Give to the one who asks you, and don’t turn away from the one who wants to borrow from you.(AK)

Love Your Enemies

43 “You have heard that it was said, Love your neighbor(AL)[w] and hate your enemy. 44 But I tell you, love your enemies[x] and pray for those who[y] persecute you,(AM) 45 so that you may be[z] sons of your Father in heaven. For He causes His sun to rise on the evil and the good, and sends rain on the righteous and the unrighteous.(AN) 46 For if you love those who love you, what reward will you have? Don’t even the tax collectors do the same? 47 And if you greet only your brothers, what are you doing out of the ordinary?[aa](AO) Don’t even the Gentiles[ab] do the same? 48 Be perfect,(AP) therefore, as your heavenly Father is perfect.

Footnotes

  1. Matthew 5:2 Lit Then opening His mouth
  2. Matthew 5:15 A large basket used to measure grain
  3. Matthew 5:16 Or way, your light must shine
  4. Matthew 5:18 Or not one iota; iota is the smallest letter of the Gk alphabet.
  5. Matthew 5:21 Lit to the ancients
  6. Matthew 5:21 Ex 20:13; Dt 5:17
  7. Matthew 5:22 Other mss add without a cause
  8. Matthew 5:22 Lit Raca, an Aram term of abuse similar to “airhead”
  9. Matthew 5:22 Lit the gehenna of fire
  10. Matthew 5:25 Other mss read judge will hand you over to
  11. Matthew 5:26 Lit quadrans, the smallest and least valuable Roman coin, worth 1⁄64 of a daily wage
  12. Matthew 5:27 Ex 20:14; Dt 5:18
  13. Matthew 5:31 Dt 24:1
  14. Matthew 5:32 Gk porneia = fornication, or possibly a violation of Jewish marriage laws
  15. Matthew 5:33 Lit to the ancients
  16. Matthew 5:33 Lv 19:12; Nm 30:2; Dt 23:21
  17. Matthew 5:37 Say what you mean and mean what you say
  18. Matthew 5:38 Ex 21:24; Lv 24:20; Dt 19:21
  19. Matthew 5:39 Or don’t set yourself against, or don’t retaliate against
  20. Matthew 5:40 Lit tunic; = inner garment
  21. Matthew 5:40 Or garment; lit robe; = outer garment
  22. Matthew 5:41 Roman soldiers could require people to carry loads for them.
  23. Matthew 5:43 Lv 19:18
  24. Matthew 5:44 Other mss add bless those who curse you, do good to those who hate you,
  25. Matthew 5:44 Other mss add mistreat you and
  26. Matthew 5:45 Or may become, or may show yourselves to be
  27. Matthew 5:47 Or doing that is superior; lit doing more
  28. Matthew 5:47 Other mss read tax collectors

Introduction to the Sermon on the Mount

Now when Jesus saw the crowds, he went up on a mountainside and sat down. His disciples came to him, and he began to teach them.

The Beatitudes(A)

He said:

“Blessed are the poor in spirit,
    for theirs is the kingdom of heaven.(B)
Blessed are those who mourn,
    for they will be comforted.(C)
Blessed are the meek,
    for they will inherit the earth.(D)
Blessed are those who hunger and thirst for righteousness,
    for they will be filled.(E)
Blessed are the merciful,
    for they will be shown mercy.(F)
Blessed are the pure in heart,(G)
    for they will see God.(H)
Blessed are the peacemakers,(I)
    for they will be called children of God.(J)
10 Blessed are those who are persecuted because of righteousness,(K)
    for theirs is the kingdom of heaven.(L)

11 “Blessed are you when people insult you,(M) persecute you and falsely say all kinds of evil against you because of me.(N) 12 Rejoice and be glad,(O) because great is your reward in heaven, for in the same way they persecuted the prophets who were before you.(P)

Salt and Light

13 “You are the salt of the earth. But if the salt loses its saltiness, how can it be made salty again? It is no longer good for anything, except to be thrown out and trampled underfoot.(Q)

14 “You are the light of the world.(R) A town built on a hill cannot be hidden. 15 Neither do people light a lamp and put it under a bowl. Instead they put it on its stand, and it gives light to everyone in the house.(S) 16 In the same way, let your light shine before others,(T) that they may see your good deeds(U) and glorify(V) your Father in heaven.

The Fulfillment of the Law

17 “Do not think that I have come to abolish the Law or the Prophets; I have not come to abolish them but to fulfill them.(W) 18 For truly I tell you, until heaven and earth disappear, not the smallest letter, not the least stroke of a pen, will by any means disappear from the Law until everything is accomplished.(X) 19 Therefore anyone who sets aside one of the least of these commands(Y) and teaches others accordingly will be called least in the kingdom of heaven, but whoever practices and teaches these commands will be called great in the kingdom of heaven. 20 For I tell you that unless your righteousness surpasses that of the Pharisees and the teachers of the law, you will certainly not enter the kingdom of heaven.(Z)

Murder(AA)

21 “You have heard that it was said to the people long ago, ‘You shall not murder,[a](AB) and anyone who murders will be subject to judgment.’ 22 But I tell you that anyone who is angry(AC) with a brother or sister[b][c] will be subject to judgment.(AD) Again, anyone who says to a brother or sister, ‘Raca,’[d] is answerable to the court.(AE) And anyone who says, ‘You fool!’ will be in danger of the fire of hell.(AF)

23 “Therefore, if you are offering your gift at the altar and there remember that your brother or sister has something against you, 24 leave your gift there in front of the altar. First go and be reconciled to them; then come and offer your gift.

25 “Settle matters quickly with your adversary who is taking you to court. Do it while you are still together on the way, or your adversary may hand you over to the judge, and the judge may hand you over to the officer, and you may be thrown into prison. 26 Truly I tell you, you will not get out until you have paid the last penny.

Adultery

27 “You have heard that it was said, ‘You shall not commit adultery.’[e](AG) 28 But I tell you that anyone who looks at a woman lustfully has already committed adultery with her in his heart.(AH) 29 If your right eye causes you to stumble,(AI) gouge it out and throw it away. It is better for you to lose one part of your body than for your whole body to be thrown into hell. 30 And if your right hand causes you to stumble,(AJ) cut it off and throw it away. It is better for you to lose one part of your body than for your whole body to go into hell.

Divorce

31 “It has been said, ‘Anyone who divorces his wife must give her a certificate of divorce.’[f](AK) 32 But I tell you that anyone who divorces his wife, except for sexual immorality, makes her the victim of adultery, and anyone who marries a divorced woman commits adultery.(AL)

Oaths

33 “Again, you have heard that it was said to the people long ago, ‘Do not break your oath,(AM) but fulfill to the Lord the vows you have made.’(AN) 34 But I tell you, do not swear an oath at all:(AO) either by heaven, for it is God’s throne;(AP) 35 or by the earth, for it is his footstool; or by Jerusalem, for it is the city of the Great King.(AQ) 36 And do not swear by your head, for you cannot make even one hair white or black. 37 All you need to say is simply ‘Yes’ or ‘No’;(AR) anything beyond this comes from the evil one.[g](AS)

Eye for Eye

38 “You have heard that it was said, ‘Eye for eye, and tooth for tooth.’[h](AT) 39 But I tell you, do not resist an evil person. If anyone slaps you on the right cheek, turn to them the other cheek also.(AU) 40 And if anyone wants to sue you and take your shirt, hand over your coat as well. 41 If anyone forces you to go one mile, go with them two miles. 42 Give to the one who asks you, and do not turn away from the one who wants to borrow from you.(AV)

Love for Enemies

43 “You have heard that it was said, ‘Love your neighbor[i](AW) and hate your enemy.’(AX) 44 But I tell you, love your enemies and pray for those who persecute you,(AY) 45 that you may be children(AZ) of your Father in heaven. He causes his sun to rise on the evil and the good, and sends rain on the righteous and the unrighteous.(BA) 46 If you love those who love you, what reward will you get?(BB) Are not even the tax collectors doing that? 47 And if you greet only your own people, what are you doing more than others? Do not even pagans do that? 48 Be perfect, therefore, as your heavenly Father is perfect.(BC)

Footnotes

  1. Matthew 5:21 Exodus 20:13
  2. Matthew 5:22 The Greek word for brother or sister (adelphos) refers here to a fellow disciple, whether man or woman; also in verse 23.
  3. Matthew 5:22 Some manuscripts brother or sister without cause
  4. Matthew 5:22 An Aramaic term of contempt
  5. Matthew 5:27 Exodus 20:14
  6. Matthew 5:31 Deut. 24:1
  7. Matthew 5:37 Or from evil
  8. Matthew 5:38 Exodus 21:24; Lev. 24:20; Deut. 19:21
  9. Matthew 5:43 Lev. 19:18