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12 Ac efe a ddechreuodd ddywedyd wrthynt ar ddamhegion. Gŵr a blannodd winllan, ac a ddododd gae o’i hamgylch, ac a gloddiodd le i’r gwingafn, ac a adeiladodd dŵr, ac a’i gosododd hi allan i lafurwyr, ac a aeth oddi cartref. Ac efe a anfonodd was mewn amser at y llafurwyr, i dderbyn gan y llafurwyr o ffrwyth y winllan. A hwy a’i daliasant ef, ac a’i baeddasant, ac a’i gyrasant ymaith yn waglaw. A thrachefn yr anfonodd efe atynt was arall; a hwnnw y taflasant gerrig ato, ac yr archollasant ei ben, ac a’i gyrasant ymaith yn amharchus. A thrachefn yr anfonodd efe un arall; a hwnnw a laddasant: a llawer eraill; gan faeddu rhai, a lladd y lleill. Am hynny eto, a chanddo un mab, ei anwylyd, efe a anfonodd hwnnw hefyd atynt yn ddiwethaf gan ddywedyd, Hwy a barchant fy mab i. Ond y llafurwyr hynny a ddywedasant yn eu plith eu hunain, Hwn yw’r etifedd; deuwch, lladdwn ef, a’r etifeddiaeth fydd eiddom ni. A hwy a’i daliasant ef, ac a’i lladdasant, ac a’i bwriasant allan o’r winllan. Beth gan hynny a wna arglwydd y winllan? efe a ddaw, ac a ddifetha’r llafurwyr, ac a rydd y winllan i eraill. 10 Oni ddarllenasoch yr ysgrythur hon? Y maen a wrthododd yr adeiladwyr, hwn a wnaethpwyd yn ben y gongl: 11 Hyn a wnaethpwyd gan yr Arglwydd; a rhyfedd yw yn ein golwg ni. 12 A hwy a geisiasant ei ddala ef; ac yr oedd arnynt ofn y dyrfa: canys hwy a wyddent mai yn eu herbyn hwy y dywedasai efe y ddameg: a hwy a’i gadawsant ef, ac a aethant ymaith.

13 A hwy a anfonasant ato rai o’r Phariseaid, ac o’r Herodianiaid, i’w rwydo ef yn ei ymadrodd. 14 Hwythau, pan ddaethant, a ddywedasant wrtho, Athro, ni a wyddom dy fod di yn eirwir, ac nad oes arnat ofal rhag neb: canys nid wyt ti yn edrych ar wyneb dynion, ond yr wyt yn dysgu ffordd Duw mewn gwirionedd: Ai cyfreithlon rhoi teyrnged i Gesar, ai nid yw? a roddwn, ai ni roddwn hi? 15 Ond efe, gan wybod eu rhagrith hwynt, a ddywedodd wrthynt, Paham y temtiwch fi? dygwch i mi geiniog, fel y gwelwyf hi. 16 A hwy a’i dygasant. Ac efe a ddywedodd wrthynt, Eiddo pwy yw’r ddelw hon a’r argraff? A hwy a ddywedasant wrtho, Eiddo Cesar. 17 A’r Iesu a atebodd ac a ddywedodd wrthynt, Rhoddwch yr eiddo Cesar i Gesar, a’r eiddo Duw i Dduw. A rhyfeddu a wnaethant o’i blegid.

18 Daeth y Sadwceaid hefyd ato, y rhai a ddywedant nad oes atgyfodiad; a gofynasant iddo, gan ddywedyd, 19 Athro, Moses a ysgrifennodd i ni, O bydd marw brawd neb, a gadu ei wraig, ac heb adu plant, am gymryd o’i frawd ei wraig ef, a chodi had i’w frawd. 20 Yr oedd gan hynny saith o frodyr: a’r cyntaf a gymerth wraig; a phan fu farw, ni adawodd had. 21 A’r ail a’i cymerth hi, ac a fu farw, ac ni adawodd yntau had: a’r trydydd yr un modd. 22 A hwy a’i cymerasant hi ill saith, ac ni adawsant had. Yn ddiwethaf o’r cwbl bu farw’r wraig hefyd. 23 Yn yr atgyfodiad gan hynny, pan atgyfodant, gwraig i ba un ohonynt fydd hi? canys y saith a’i cawsant hi yn wraig. 24 A’r Iesu a atebodd, ac a ddywedodd wrthynt, Onid am hyn yr ydych yn cyfeiliorni, am nad ydych yn gwybod yr ysgrythurau, na gallu Duw? 25 Canys pan atgyfodant o feirw, ni wreicant, ac ni ŵrant; eithr y maent fel yr angylion sydd yn y nefoedd. 26 Ond am y meirw, yr atgyfodir hwynt; oni ddarllenasoch chwi yn llyfr Moses, y modd y llefarodd Duw wrtho yn y berth, gan ddywedyd, Myfi yw Duw Abraham, a Duw Isaac, a Duw Jacob? 27 Nid yw efe Dduw’r meirw, ond Duw’r rhai byw: am hynny yr ydych chwi yn cyfeiliorni’n fawr.

28 Ac un o’r ysgrifenyddion a ddaeth, wedi eu clywed hwynt yn ymresymu, a gwybod ateb ohono iddynt yn gymwys, ac a ofynnodd iddo, Pa un yw’r gorchymyn cyntaf o’r cwbl? 29 A’r Iesu a atebodd iddo, Y cyntaf o’r holl orchmynion yw, Clyw, Israel; Yr Arglwydd ein Duw, un Arglwydd yw: 30 A châr yr Arglwydd dy Dduw â’th holl galon, ac â’th holl enaid, ac â’th holl feddwl, ac â’th holl nerth. Hwn yw’r gorchymyn cyntaf. 31 A’r ail sydd gyffelyb iddo; Câr dy gymydog fel ti dy hun. Nid oes orchymyn arall mwy na’r rhai hyn. 32 A dywedodd yr ysgrifennydd wrtho, Da, Athro, mewn gwirionedd y dywedaist, mai un Duw sydd, ac nad oes arall ond efe: 33 A’i garu ef â’r holl galon, ac â’r holl ddeall, ac â’r holl enaid, ac â’r holl nerth, a charu ei gymydog megis ei hun, sydd fwy na’r holl boethoffrymau a’r aberthau. 34 A’r Iesu, pan welodd iddo ateb yn synhwyrol, a ddywedodd wrtho, Nid wyt ti bell oddi wrth deyrnas Dduw. Ac ni feiddiodd neb mwy ymofyn ag ef.

35 A’r Iesu a atebodd ac a ddywedodd, wrth ddysgu yn y deml, Pa fodd y dywed yr ysgrifenyddion fod Crist yn fab Dafydd? 36 Canys Dafydd ei hun a ddywedodd trwy’r Ysbryd Glân, Yr Arglwydd a ddywedodd wrth fy Arglwydd, Eistedd ar fy neheulaw, hyd oni osodwyf dy elynion yn droedfainc i’th draed. 37 Y mae Dafydd ei hun, gan hynny, yn ei alw ef yn Arglwydd; ac o ba le y mae efe yn fab iddo? A llawer o bobl a’i gwrandawent ef yn ewyllysgar.

38 Ac efe a ddywedodd wrthynt yn ei athrawiaeth, Ymogelwch rhag yr ysgrifenyddion, y rhai a chwenychant rodio mewn gwisgoedd llaesion, a chael cyfarch yn y marchnadoedd, 39 A’r prif gadeiriau yn y synagogau, a’r prif eisteddleoedd mewn swperau; 40 Y rhai sydd yn llwyr fwyta tai gwragedd gweddwon, ac mewn rhith yn hir weddïo: y rhai hyn a dderbyniant farnedigaeth fwy.

41 A’r Iesu a eisteddodd gyferbyn â’r drysorfa, ac a edrychodd pa fodd yr oedd y bobl yn bwrw arian i’r drysorfa: a chyfoethogion lawer a fwriasant lawer. 42 A rhyw wraig weddw dlawd a ddaeth, ac a fwriodd i mewn ddwy hatling, yr hyn yw ffyrling. 43 Ac efe a alwodd ei ddisgyblion ato, ac a ddywedodd wrthynt, Yn wir yr wyf yn dywedyd i chwi, fwrw o’r wraig weddw dlawd hon i mewn fwy na’r rhai oll a fwriasant i’r drysorfa. 44 Canys hwynt‐hwy oll a fwriasant o’r hyn a oedd yng ngweddill ganddynt: ond hon o’i heisiau a fwriodd i mewn yr hyn oll a feddai, sef ei holl fywyd.

The Parable of the Tenants(A)

12 Jesus then began to speak to them in parables: “A man planted a vineyard.(B) He put a wall around it, dug a pit for the winepress and built a watchtower. Then he rented the vineyard to some farmers and moved to another place. At harvest time he sent a servant to the tenants to collect from them some of the fruit of the vineyard. But they seized him, beat him and sent him away empty-handed. Then he sent another servant to them; they struck this man on the head and treated him shamefully. He sent still another, and that one they killed. He sent many others; some of them they beat, others they killed.

“He had one left to send, a son, whom he loved. He sent him last of all,(C) saying, ‘They will respect my son.’

“But the tenants said to one another, ‘This is the heir. Come, let’s kill him, and the inheritance will be ours.’ So they took him and killed him, and threw him out of the vineyard.

“What then will the owner of the vineyard do? He will come and kill those tenants and give the vineyard to others. 10 Haven’t you read this passage of Scripture:

“‘The stone the builders rejected
    has become the cornerstone;(D)
11 the Lord has done this,
    and it is marvelous in our eyes’[a]?”(E)

12 Then the chief priests, the teachers of the law and the elders looked for a way to arrest him because they knew he had spoken the parable against them. But they were afraid of the crowd;(F) so they left him and went away.(G)

Paying the Imperial Tax to Caesar(H)

13 Later they sent some of the Pharisees and Herodians(I) to Jesus to catch him(J) in his words. 14 They came to him and said, “Teacher, we know that you are a man of integrity. You aren’t swayed by others, because you pay no attention to who they are; but you teach the way of God in accordance with the truth. Is it right to pay the imperial tax[b] to Caesar or not? 15 Should we pay or shouldn’t we?”

But Jesus knew their hypocrisy. “Why are you trying to trap me?” he asked. “Bring me a denarius and let me look at it.” 16 They brought the coin, and he asked them, “Whose image is this? And whose inscription?”

“Caesar’s,” they replied.

17 Then Jesus said to them, “Give back to Caesar what is Caesar’s and to God what is God’s.”(K)

And they were amazed at him.

Marriage at the Resurrection(L)

18 Then the Sadducees,(M) who say there is no resurrection,(N) came to him with a question. 19 “Teacher,” they said, “Moses wrote for us that if a man’s brother dies and leaves a wife but no children, the man must marry the widow and raise up offspring for his brother.(O) 20 Now there were seven brothers. The first one married and died without leaving any children. 21 The second one married the widow, but he also died, leaving no child. It was the same with the third. 22 In fact, none of the seven left any children. Last of all, the woman died too. 23 At the resurrection[c] whose wife will she be, since the seven were married to her?”

24 Jesus replied, “Are you not in error because you do not know the Scriptures(P) or the power of God? 25 When the dead rise, they will neither marry nor be given in marriage; they will be like the angels in heaven.(Q) 26 Now about the dead rising—have you not read in the Book of Moses, in the account of the burning bush, how God said to him, ‘I am the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob’[d]?(R) 27 He is not the God of the dead, but of the living. You are badly mistaken!”

The Greatest Commandment(S)

28 One of the teachers of the law(T) came and heard them debating. Noticing that Jesus had given them a good answer, he asked him, “Of all the commandments, which is the most important?”

29 “The most important one,” answered Jesus, “is this: ‘Hear, O Israel: The Lord our God, the Lord is one.[e] 30 Love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your mind and with all your strength.’[f](U) 31 The second is this: ‘Love your neighbor as yourself.’[g](V) There is no commandment greater than these.”

32 “Well said, teacher,” the man replied. “You are right in saying that God is one and there is no other but him.(W) 33 To love him with all your heart, with all your understanding and with all your strength, and to love your neighbor as yourself is more important than all burnt offerings and sacrifices.”(X)

34 When Jesus saw that he had answered wisely, he said to him, “You are not far from the kingdom of God.”(Y) And from then on no one dared ask him any more questions.(Z)

Whose Son Is the Messiah?(AA)(AB)

35 While Jesus was teaching in the temple courts,(AC) he asked, “Why do the teachers of the law say that the Messiah is the son of David?(AD) 36 David himself, speaking by the Holy Spirit,(AE) declared:

“‘The Lord said to my Lord:
    “Sit at my right hand
until I put your enemies
    under your feet.”’[h](AF)

37 David himself calls him ‘Lord.’ How then can he be his son?”

The large crowd(AG) listened to him with delight.

Warning Against the Teachers of the Law

38 As he taught, Jesus said, “Watch out for the teachers of the law. They like to walk around in flowing robes and be greeted with respect in the marketplaces, 39 and have the most important seats in the synagogues and the places of honor at banquets.(AH) 40 They devour widows’ houses and for a show make lengthy prayers. These men will be punished most severely.”

The Widow’s Offering(AI)

41 Jesus sat down opposite the place where the offerings were put(AJ) and watched the crowd putting their money into the temple treasury. Many rich people threw in large amounts. 42 But a poor widow came and put in two very small copper coins, worth only a few cents.

43 Calling his disciples to him, Jesus said, “Truly I tell you, this poor widow has put more into the treasury than all the others. 44 They all gave out of their wealth; but she, out of her poverty, put in everything—all she had to live on.”(AK)

Footnotes

  1. Mark 12:11 Psalm 118:22,23
  2. Mark 12:14 A special tax levied on subject peoples, not on Roman citizens
  3. Mark 12:23 Some manuscripts resurrection, when people rise from the dead,
  4. Mark 12:26 Exodus 3:6
  5. Mark 12:29 Or The Lord our God is one Lord
  6. Mark 12:30 Deut. 6:4,5
  7. Mark 12:31 Lev. 19:18
  8. Mark 12:36 Psalm 110:1