John the Baptist Prepares the Way(A)(B)

In the fifteenth year of the reign of Tiberius Caesar—when Pontius Pilate(C) was governor of Judea, Herod(D) tetrarch of Galilee, his brother Philip tetrarch of Iturea and Traconitis, and Lysanias tetrarch of Abilene— during the high-priesthood of Annas and Caiaphas,(E) the word of God came to John(F) son of Zechariah(G) in the wilderness. He went into all the country around the Jordan, preaching a baptism of repentance for the forgiveness of sins.(H) As it is written in the book of the words of Isaiah the prophet:

“A voice of one calling in the wilderness,
‘Prepare the way for the Lord,
    make straight paths for him.
Every valley shall be filled in,
    every mountain and hill made low.
The crooked roads shall become straight,
    the rough ways smooth.
And all people will see God’s salvation.’”[a](I)

John said to the crowds coming out to be baptized by him, “You brood of vipers!(J) Who warned you to flee from the coming wrath?(K) Produce fruit in keeping with repentance. And do not begin to say to yourselves, ‘We have Abraham as our father.’(L) For I tell you that out of these stones God can raise up children for Abraham. The ax is already at the root of the trees, and every tree that does not produce good fruit will be cut down and thrown into the fire.”(M)

10 “What should we do then?”(N) the crowd asked.

11 John answered, “Anyone who has two shirts should share with the one who has none, and anyone who has food should do the same.”(O)

12 Even tax collectors came to be baptized.(P) “Teacher,” they asked, “what should we do?”

13 “Don’t collect any more than you are required to,”(Q) he told them.

14 Then some soldiers asked him, “And what should we do?”

He replied, “Don’t extort money and don’t accuse people falsely(R)—be content with your pay.”

15 The people were waiting expectantly and were all wondering in their hearts if John(S) might possibly be the Messiah.(T) 16 John answered them all, “I baptize you with[b] water.(U) But one who is more powerful than I will come, the straps of whose sandals I am not worthy to untie. He will baptize you with[c] the Holy Spirit and fire.(V) 17 His winnowing fork(W) is in his hand to clear his threshing floor and to gather the wheat into his barn, but he will burn up the chaff with unquenchable fire.”(X) 18 And with many other words John exhorted the people and proclaimed the good news to them.

19 But when John rebuked Herod(Y) the tetrarch because of his marriage to Herodias, his brother’s wife, and all the other evil things he had done, 20 Herod added this to them all: He locked John up in prison.(Z)

The Baptism and Genealogy of Jesus(AA)(AB)

21 When all the people were being baptized, Jesus was baptized too. And as he was praying,(AC) heaven was opened 22 and the Holy Spirit descended on him(AD) in bodily form like a dove. And a voice came from heaven: “You are my Son,(AE) whom I love; with you I am well pleased.”(AF)

23 Now Jesus himself was about thirty years old when he began his ministry.(AG) He was the son, so it was thought, of Joseph,(AH)

the son of Heli, 24 the son of Matthat,

the son of Levi, the son of Melki,

the son of Jannai, the son of Joseph,

25 the son of Mattathias, the son of Amos,

the son of Nahum, the son of Esli,

the son of Naggai, 26 the son of Maath,

the son of Mattathias, the son of Semein,

the son of Josek, the son of Joda,

27 the son of Joanan, the son of Rhesa,

the son of Zerubbabel,(AI) the son of Shealtiel,

the son of Neri, 28 the son of Melki,

the son of Addi, the son of Cosam,

the son of Elmadam, the son of Er,

29 the son of Joshua, the son of Eliezer,

the son of Jorim, the son of Matthat,

the son of Levi, 30 the son of Simeon,

the son of Judah, the son of Joseph,

the son of Jonam, the son of Eliakim,

31 the son of Melea, the son of Menna,

the son of Mattatha, the son of Nathan,(AJ)

the son of David, 32 the son of Jesse,

the son of Obed, the son of Boaz,

the son of Salmon,[d] the son of Nahshon,

33 the son of Amminadab, the son of Ram,[e]

the son of Hezron, the son of Perez,(AK)

the son of Judah, 34 the son of Jacob,

the son of Isaac, the son of Abraham,

the son of Terah, the son of Nahor,(AL)

35 the son of Serug, the son of Reu,

the son of Peleg, the son of Eber,

the son of Shelah, 36 the son of Cainan,

the son of Arphaxad,(AM) the son of Shem,

the son of Noah, the son of Lamech,(AN)

37 the son of Methuselah, the son of Enoch,

the son of Jared, the son of Mahalalel,

the son of Kenan,(AO) 38 the son of Enosh,

the son of Seth, the son of Adam,

the son of God.(AP)

Footnotes

  1. Luke 3:6 Isaiah 40:3-5
  2. Luke 3:16 Or in
  3. Luke 3:16 Or in
  4. Luke 3:32 Some early manuscripts Sala
  5. Luke 3:33 Some manuscripts Amminadab, the son of Admin, the son of Arni; other manuscripts vary widely.

The Messiah’s Herald

In the fifteenth year of the reign of Tiberius Caesar, while Pontius Pilate was governor of Judea,(A) Herod was tetrarch[a] of Galilee,(B) his brother Philip tetrarch of the region of Iturea and Trachonitis, and Lysanias tetrarch of Abilene, during the high priesthood of Annas(C) and Caiaphas,(D) God’s word came to John the son of Zechariah in the wilderness.(E) He went into all the vicinity of the Jordan,(F) proclaiming a baptism of repentance for the forgiveness of sins,(G) as it is written in the book of the words of the prophet Isaiah:

A voice of one crying out in the wilderness:
Prepare the way for the Lord;
make his paths straight!
Every valley will be filled,
and every mountain and hill will be made low;[b]
the crooked will become straight,
the rough ways smooth,
and everyone will see the salvation of God.[c](H)

He then said to the crowds who came out to be baptized by him, “Brood of vipers!(I) Who warned you to flee from the coming wrath?(J) Therefore produce fruit(K) consistent with repentance. And don’t start saying to yourselves, ‘We have Abraham as our father,’(L) for I tell you that God is able to raise up children for Abraham from these stones. The ax is already at the root of the trees. Therefore, every tree that doesn’t produce good fruit will be cut down and thrown into the fire.”(M)

10 “What then should we do?” (N) the crowds were asking him.

11 He replied to them, “The one who has two shirts must share with someone who has none, and the one who has food must do the same.”(O)

12 Tax collectors(P) also came to be baptized, and they asked him, “Teacher, what should we do?” (Q)

13 He told them, “Don’t collect any more than what you have been authorized.”

14 Some soldiers also questioned him, “What should we do?”

He said to them, “Don’t take money from anyone by force or false accusation, and be satisfied with your wages.”

15 Now the people were waiting expectantly, and all of them were questioning in their hearts whether John might be the Messiah.(R) 16 John answered them all,(S) “I baptize you with water, but one who is more powerful than I am is coming. I am not worthy to untie the strap of his sandals. He will baptize you with[d] the Holy Spirit and fire. 17 His winnowing shovel(T) is in his hand to clear his threshing floor and gather the wheat into his barn,(U) but the chaff he will burn with fire that never goes out.”(V) 18 Then, along with many other exhortations, he proclaimed good news to the people. 19 But when John rebuked Herod the tetrarch(W) because of Herodias, his brother’s wife, and all the evil things he had done,(X) 20 Herod added this to everything else—he locked up John in prison.(Y)

The Baptism of Jesus

21 When all the people were baptized,(Z) Jesus also was baptized. As he was praying,(AA) heaven opened,(AB) 22 and the Holy Spirit descended on him in a physical appearance like a dove. And a voice came from heaven: “You are my beloved Son; with you I am well-pleased.”(AC)

The Genealogy of Jesus Christ

23 As he began his ministry, Jesus was about thirty years old and was thought to be the

son of Joseph,(AD) son of Heli,

24 son of Matthat, son of Levi,

son of Melchi, son of Jannai,

son of Joseph, 25 son of Mattathias,

son of Amos, son of Nahum,

son of Esli, son of Naggai,

26 son of Maath, son of Mattathias,

son of Semein, son of Josech,

son of Joda, 27 son of Joanan,

son of Rhesa, son of Zerubbabel,(AE)

son of Shealtiel, son of Neri,

28 son of Melchi, son of Addi,

son of Cosam, son of Elmadam,

son of Er, 29 son of Joshua,

son of Eliezer, son of Jorim,

son of Matthat, son of Levi,

30 son of Simeon, son of Judah,

son of Joseph, son of Jonam,

son of Eliakim, 31 son of Melea,

son of Menna, son of Mattatha,

son of Nathan, son of David,

32 son of Jesse,(AF) son of Obed,(AG)

son of Boaz, son of Salmon,[e]

son of Nahshon, 33 son of Amminadab,

son of Ram,[f] son of Hezron,

son of Perez,(AH) son of Judah,

34 son of Jacob, son of Isaac,

son of Abraham,(AI) son of Terah,

son of Nahor, 35 son of Serug,

son of Reu, son of Peleg,(AJ)

son of Eber, son of Shelah,

36 son of Cainan,[g] son of Arphaxad,

son of Shem, son of Noah,(AK)

son of Lamech, 37 son of Methuselah,

son of Enoch,(AL) son of Jared,

son of Mahalalel, son of Cainan,

38 son of Enos, son of Seth,

son of Adam, son of God.

Footnotes

  1. 3:1 Or ruler
  2. 3:5 Lit be humbled
  3. 3:4–6 Is 40:3–5
  4. 3:16 Or in
  5. 3:32 Other mss read Sala
  6. 3:33 Other mss read Amminadab, son of Aram, son of Joram; other mss read Amminadab, son of Admin, son of Arni
  7. 3:36 Some mss omit son of Cainan

Johannes Døbers budskab(A)

1-2 I kejser Tiberius’ 15. regeringsår fik Johannes, Zakarias’ søn, som holdt til i ødemarken, et budskab fra Gud. Landet var besat af romerne, og Pontius Pilatus var guvernør i Judæa. Herodes Antipas regerede i Galilæa, hans bror Filip i Ituræa og Trakonitis, mens Lysanias regerede i Abilene. Annas og Kajfas var jødernes ypperstepræster.

Johannes forlod så ørkenområdet og vandrede omkring i nærheden af Jordanfloden. Der forkyndte han, at folk skulle vende om fra deres ondskab og lade sig døbe for at få tilgivelse for deres synder. Dermed gik følgende ord af profeten Esajas i opfyldelse:

„Der lyder en røst i ødemarken:
‚Ban vej for Herren!
    Gør vejen klar til hans komme!
Hver dal skal fyldes op,
    hvert bjerg og hver høj skal jævnes ud.
De krogede veje skal rettes ud,
    og de ujævne stier glattes.
Og alle skal se Guds frelse.’ ”[a]

Johannes råbte til de mange mennesker, som strømmede til for at lade sig døbe: „Slangeyngel! Hvem har bildt jer ind, at I kan slippe for Guds straf? Bevis med jeres liv, at I er villige til at vende jer bort fra jeres synder! Det hjælper jer ikke at sige: ‚Vi er da børn af Abraham’.[b] Lad mig fortælle jer noget: Gud kan forvandle stenene der til børn af Abraham! Øksen ligger allerede klar ved foden af træerne, og ethvert træ, som ikke bærer god frugt, skal hugges om og kastes i ilden.”

10 „Jamen, hvad skal vi da gøre?” spurgte de.

11 Johannes svarede: „Den, som har to kjortler, skal give den ene til den, der ingen har. Og den, der har mad at spise, skal dele med den, der intet har.”

12 Der kom også nogle skatteopkrævere[c] for at blive døbt. „Hvad med os?” spurgte de. „Hvad skal vi gøre?”

13 „I skal være ærlige!” svarede Johannes. „I må ikke opkræve mere i skat end det beløb, I har fået besked på.”

14 „Og os,” spurgte en flok betjente.[d] „Hvad med os?”

„Misbrug ikke jeres magt til at presse penge af folk,” svarede han. „Lad være med at arrestere nogen på falsk grundlag i håb om at modtage bestikkelse, men vær tilfredse med den løn, I får!”

15 Da alle folk var i forventning om, at Messias snart skulle komme, var de spændt på, om det kunne være Johannes, der var den lovede frelser. 16 Men Johannes sagde: „Jeg døber jer med vand, men snart kommer der en, som har større magt, end jeg har. Jeg er ikke engang værdig til at løse remmen på hans sandaler. Han vil døbe jer med Helligåndens kraft og med ild. 17 Han har kasteskovlen i hånden, klar til at rense kornet for avner. Kernerne samler han i sin lade, men avnerne vil blive brændt i en uudslukkelig ild.”

18 Sådan forkyndte Johannes det gode budskab og gav sine tilhørere mange formaninger om at leve efter Guds vilje. 19 Men da han irettesatte Herodes, fordi han levede sammen med sin brors kone, Herodias, og for alt det onde, han derudover foretog sig, 20 føjede Herodes endnu en forbrydelse til sit synderegister. Han satte Johannes i fængsel.

Jesus bliver døbt med vand og Helligånd(B)

21 Mens Johannes endnu var på fri fod og døbte folk, kom Jesus også og blev døbt. Da han derefter stod og bad, åbnede himlen sig, 22 og Helligånden dalede ned over ham i skikkelse af en due. Samtidig lød der en stemme fra himlen: „Du er min elskede Søn, og dig er jeg fuldt ud tilfreds med!”[e]

Jesu stamtavle(C)

23 Jesus var cirka 30 år, da han begyndte at træde offentligt frem. Folk anså ham for at være Josefs søn. Han var efterkommer[f] af Eli, 24 som var søn af Mattat. Mattat var søn af Levi, som var søn af Melki. Melki var søn af Jannaj, som var søn af Josef. 25 Josef var søn af Mattatias, som var søn af Amos. Amos var søn af Nahum, som var søn af Esli. Esli var søn af Naggaj, 26 som var søn af Mahat. Mahat var søn af Mattatias, som var søn af Shimi. Shimi var søn af Josek, som var søn af Joda. 27 Joda var søn af Johanan, som var søn af Resa. Resa var søn af Zerubbabel, som var søn af Shealtiel. Shealtiel var søn af Neri, 28 som var søn af Melki. Melki var søn af Addi, som var søn af Kosam. Kosam var søn af Elmadam, som var søn af Er. 29 Er var søn af Josva, som var søn af Eliezer. Eliezer var søn af Jorim, som var søn af Mattat. Mattat var søn af Levi, 30 som var søn af Simeon. Simeon var søn af Juda, som var søn af Josef. Josef var søn af Jonam, som var søn af Eljakim. 31 Eljakim var søn af Melea, som var søn af Menna. Menna var søn af Mattata, som var søn af Natan. Natan var søn af David, 32 som var søn af Isaj. Isaj var søn af Obed, som var søn af Boaz. Boaz var søn af Salma, som var søn af Nahshon, 33 Nahshon var søn af Amminadab, som var søn af Admin. Admin var søn af Arni, som var søn af Hetzron. Hetzron var søn af Peretz, som var søn af Juda. 34 Juda var søn af Jakob, som var søn af Isak. Isak var søn af Abraham, som var søn af Tera. Tera var søn af Nakor, 35 som var søn af Zerug. Zerug var søn af Reu, som var søn af Peleg. Peleg var søn af Eber, som var søn af Shela. 36 Shela var søn af Kenan, som var søn af Arpakshad. Arpakshad var søn af Sem, som var søn af Noa. Noa var søn af Lemek, 37 som var søn af Metusalem. Metusalem var søn af Enok, som var søn af Jered. Jered var søn af Mahalalel, som var søn af Kenan. 38 Kenan var søn af Enosh, som var søn af Set. Set var søn af Adam, som var søn af Gud.

Footnotes

  1. 3,6 Es. 40,3-5 LXX.
  2. 3,8 Udtrykket „barn af Abraham” er en hebraisk talemåde, som betyder, at man er ligesom Abraham. Abraham var kendt for sin tro og lydighed, men disse farisæere og saddukæere kender hverken til tro eller lydighed. Se også noten til Luk. 13,16 og 19,6, samt Johannesevangeliet kapitel 8.
  3. 3,12 Det var jøder, som opkrævede afgifter til besættelsesmagten. Som løn fik de lov at beholde en del af det, de opkrævede. Den slags mennesker var naturligvis meget upopulære.
  4. 3,14 Egentlig „soldater”, men datidens soldater fungerede som nutidens betjente ved at arrestere mistænkte forbrydere.
  5. 3,22 Det græske ord brugt her betyder egentlig: „betragte som værende godt”. Det er noget, som man kan sætte sit blå stempel på, acceptere og være tilfreds med. Det bruges ofte i forbindelse med, at Guds vilje bliver udført.
  6. 3,23 På græsk: „(søn) af Eli”. Som i andre stamtavler har begrebet „søn” en videre betydning end på dansk. Det kan betyde barnebarn eller efterkommer. Teksten gør det ikke klart, om Josef er søn af Eli, eller måske efterkommer af Eli, men det er sandsynligvis Maria, som var datter af Eli, således at Jesus var Elis barnebarn. I alle tilfælde er stamtavlen her forskellig fra Josefs stamtavle i Matt. 1, idet den går tilbage til en anden af Davids sønner.