Gesetzlichkeit oder Liebe? (Matthäus 12,1‒14; Markus 2,23–3,6)

An einem Sabbat ging Jesus mit seinen Jüngern durch die Getreidefelder. Die Jünger rissen einzelne Ähren ab, zerrieben sie zwischen den Händen und aßen die Körner. Da beschwerten sich einige Pharisäer: »Was tut ihr da? Das ist am Sabbat doch gar nicht erlaubt!«

Darauf antwortete Jesus: »Habt ihr denn nie gelesen, was König David tat, als er und seine Männer hungrig waren? Er ging in das Haus Gottes und aß mit ihnen von dem Brot, das Gott geweiht war und das nur die Priester essen durften.«[a] Und Jesus fügte hinzu: »Der Menschensohn ist Herr über den Sabbat. Er kann somit entscheiden, was am Sabbat erlaubt ist.«

Als Jesus an einem anderen Sabbat in die Synagoge ging und lehrte, war dort ein Mann, dessen rechte Hand verkrüppelt war. Die Schriftgelehrten und Pharisäer beobachteten aufmerksam, wie Jesus sich verhalten würde. Sollte er es nämlich wagen, auch am Sabbat zu heilen, so könnten sie Anklage gegen ihn erheben. Jesus wusste, was sie dachten. Er rief dem Mann mit der verkrüppelten Hand zu: »Steh auf und stell dich in die Mitte, damit alle dich sehen können!« Der Mann stand auf und trat vor.

Nun wandte sich Jesus an die Pharisäer und Schriftgelehrten: »Ich will euch etwas fragen: Soll man am Sabbat Gutes tun oder Böses? Soll man das Leben eines Menschen retten oder soll man ihn zugrunde gehen lassen?« 10 Jesus sah einen nach dem anderen an. Schließlich sagte er zu dem Mann: »Streck deine Hand aus!« Er tat es, und die Hand war gesund.

11 Die Pharisäer und Schriftgelehrten aber packte eine sinnlose Wut. Sie berieten miteinander, was sie gegen Jesus unternehmen könnten.

Die zwölf Apostel (Matthäus 10,1‒4; Markus 3,13‒19)

12 In dieser Zeit verließ Jesus die Stadt und stieg auf einen Berg, um zu beten. Die ganze Nacht hindurch sprach er im Gebet mit Gott. 13 Als es hell wurde, rief er seine Jünger zu sich und wählte zwölf von ihnen aus, die er Apostel nannte. 14 Es waren Simon, dem er den Namen Petrus gab, und Simons Bruder Andreas; dann Jakobus und Johannes, Philippus, Bartholomäus, 15 Matthäus, Thomas und Jakobus, der Sohn von Alphäus; sowie Simon, der ehemalige Freiheitskämpfer, 16 Judas, der Sohn von Jakobus, und Judas Iskariot, der Jesus später verriet.

Jesus heilt alle, die zu ihm kommen (Matthäus 4,23‒25; Markus 3,7‒12)

17 Als Jesus mit seinen Jüngern den Berg hinuntergestiegen war, kamen sie zu einem ebenen Platz. Hier hatte sich eine große Anzahl seiner Jünger versammelt und dazu noch eine riesige Menschenmenge. Die Leute waren aus dem ganzen Land gekommen, auch aus Jerusalem und aus den Hafenstädten Tyrus und Sidon. 18 Sie wollten Jesus hören und von ihren Krankheiten geheilt werden. Alle, die von bösen Geistern beherrscht waren, wurden befreit. 19 Jeder versuchte, Jesus zu berühren; denn von ihm ging eine Kraft aus, die sie alle heilte.

Wer darf sich glücklich nennen? (Matthäus 5,1‒12)

20 Jesus blickte seine Jünger an und sagte:

»Glücklich seid ihr Armen,
denn euch gehört Gottes Reich.
21 Glücklich seid ihr, die ihr jetzt hungern müsst,
denn ihr sollt satt werden.
Glücklich seid ihr, die ihr jetzt weint,
denn ihr werdet lachen!
22 Glücklich schätzen könnt ihr euch,
wenn euch die Menschen hassen und aus ihrer Gemeinschaft ausschließen,
wenn sie euch verachten und Schlechtes über euch erzählen,
nur weil ihr zum Menschensohn gehört.

23 Dann freut euch! Ja, ihr könnt jubeln, denn im Himmel werdet ihr dafür reich belohnt werden. So wie die Leute mit euch umgehen, so haben es ihre Vorfahren auch schon mit den Propheten gemacht.

24 Doch wehe euch, ihr Reichen!
Ihr habt euer Glück schon auf Erden genossen.[b]
25 Wehe euch, die ihr jetzt satt seid!
Ihr werdet Hunger leiden.
Wehe euch, die ihr jetzt sorglos lacht!
Ihr werdet trauern und weinen.
26 Wehe euch, die ihr jetzt von allen Leuten umschmeichelt werdet,
denn so haben es ihre Vorfahren auch schon mit den falschen Propheten gemacht.«

Liebe deine Feinde! (Matthäus 5,38‒48)

27 »Euch aber, die ihr mir wirklich zuhört, sage ich: Liebt eure Feinde und tut denen Gutes, die euch hassen. 28 Bittet Gott um seinen Segen für die Menschen, die euch Böses tun, und betet für alle, die euch beleidigen.

29 Wenn jemand dir eine Ohrfeige gibt, dann halte die andere Wange auch noch hin. Wenn dir einer den Mantel wegnimmt, dann weigere dich nicht, ihm auch noch das Hemd zu geben.

30 Gib jedem, der dich um etwas bittet, und fordere nicht zurück, was man dir genommen hat.

31 Behandelt die Menschen so, wie ihr von ihnen behandelt werden möchtet. 32 Oder wollt ihr etwa noch dafür belohnt werden, dass ihr die Menschen liebt, die euch auch lieben? Das tun selbst die Leute, die von Gott nichts wissen wollen. 33 Ist es etwas Besonderes, denen Gutes zu tun, die auch zu euch gut sind? Das können auch Menschen, die Gott ablehnen. 34 Und was ist schon dabei, Leuten Geld zu leihen, von denen man genau weiß, dass sie es zurückzahlen? Dazu braucht man nichts von Gott zu wissen.

35 Ihr aber sollt eure Feinde lieben und den Menschen Gutes tun. Ihr sollt anderen etwas leihen, ohne es zurückzuerwarten. Dann werdet ihr reich belohnt werden: Ihr werdet Kinder des Höchsten sein. Denn auch er ist gütig zu Undankbaren und Bösen. 36 Seid barmherzig, wie euer Vater im Himmel barmherzig ist!«

Verurteilt niemanden! (Matthäus 7,1‒5)

37 »Urteilt nicht über andere, dann wird Gott euch auch nicht verurteilen! Richtet keinen Menschen, dann werdet auch ihr nicht gerichtet werden! Wenn ihr vergebt, dann wird auch euch vergeben. 38 Gebt, was ihr habt, dann werdet ihr so überreich beschenkt werden, dass ihr gar nicht alles aufnehmen könnt. Mit dem Maßstab, den ihr an andere anlegt, wird man auch euch messen.«

39 Jesus gebrauchte einen Vergleich und sagte: »Wie kann ein Blinder einen anderen Blinden führen? Werden sie nicht beide in die Grube fallen? 40 Ein Schüler steht nicht über seinem Lehrer. Im besten Fall kann er werden wie sein Lehrer, wenn er alles von ihm gelernt hat.

41 Warum siehst du jeden kleinen Splitter im Auge deines Mitmenschen, aber den Balken in deinem eigenen Auge bemerkst du nicht? 42 Wie kannst du zu ihm sagen: ›Mein Freund, komm her! Ich will dir den Splitter aus dem Auge ziehen!‹, und dabei erkennst du nicht, dass du selbst einen Balken in deinem Auge hast! Du Heuchler! Entferne zuerst den Balken aus deinem Auge, dann kannst du klar sehen, um auch den Splitter aus dem Auge deines Mitmenschen zu ziehen.«

An den Früchten erkennt man den Baum (Matthäus 7,15‒20; 12,33‒35)

43 »Ein guter Baum trägt keine schlechten Früchte und ein schlechter Baum keine guten. 44 So erkennt man jeden Baum an seinen Früchten. Von Dornbüschen kann man keine Feigen pflücken und von Gestrüpp keine Weintrauben.

45 Wenn ein guter Mensch spricht, zeigt sich, was er Gutes in seinem Herzen trägt. Doch ein Mensch mit einem bösen Herzen kann auch nur Böses von sich geben. Denn wovon das Herz erfüllt ist, das spricht der Mund aus!«

Ein festes Fundament (Matthäus 7,24‒27)

46 »Warum nennt ihr mich dauernd ›Herr!‹, wenn ihr doch nicht tut, was ich euch sage? 47 Wisst ihr, mit wem ich einen Menschen vergleiche, der zu mir kommt, meine Worte hört und danach handelt? 48 Er ist wie ein Mann, der sich ein Haus bauen wollte. Zuerst hob er eine tiefe Baugrube aus. Dann legte er die Fundamente seines Hauses auf felsigen Grund. Als aber ein Hochwasser kam und die Fluten gegen das Haus brandeten, konnten sie keinen Schaden anrichten, denn das Haus war gut und stabil gebaut.

49 Wer sich meine Worte allerdings nur anhört und nicht danach lebt, der ist wie einer, der auf das Fundament verzichtet und sein Haus direkt auf die Erde baut. Bei einem Hochwasser unterspülen die Fluten sein Haus, und es wird mit einem Mal einstürzen; kein Stein wird auf dem anderen bleiben.«

Footnotes

  1. 6,4 Vgl. 1. Samuel 21,2‒7.
  2. 6,24 Wörtlich: Ihr habt euren Trost schon erhalten.

Jesus Is Lord of the Sabbath(A)

One Sabbath Jesus was going through the grainfields, and his disciples began to pick some heads of grain, rub them in their hands and eat the kernels.(B) Some of the Pharisees asked, “Why are you doing what is unlawful on the Sabbath?”(C)

Jesus answered them, “Have you never read what David did when he and his companions were hungry?(D) He entered the house of God, and taking the consecrated bread, he ate what is lawful only for priests to eat.(E) And he also gave some to his companions.” Then Jesus said to them, “The Son of Man(F) is Lord of the Sabbath.”

On another Sabbath(G) he went into the synagogue and was teaching, and a man was there whose right hand was shriveled. The Pharisees and the teachers of the law were looking for a reason to accuse Jesus, so they watched him closely(H) to see if he would heal on the Sabbath.(I) But Jesus knew what they were thinking(J) and said to the man with the shriveled hand, “Get up and stand in front of everyone.” So he got up and stood there.

Then Jesus said to them, “I ask you, which is lawful on the Sabbath: to do good or to do evil, to save life or to destroy it?”

10 He looked around at them all, and then said to the man, “Stretch out your hand.” He did so, and his hand was completely restored. 11 But the Pharisees and the teachers of the law were furious(K) and began to discuss with one another what they might do to Jesus.

The Twelve Apostles(L)

12 One of those days Jesus went out to a mountainside to pray, and spent the night praying to God.(M) 13 When morning came, he called his disciples to him and chose twelve of them, whom he also designated apostles:(N) 14 Simon (whom he named Peter), his brother Andrew, James, John, Philip, Bartholomew, 15 Matthew,(O) Thomas, James son of Alphaeus, Simon who was called the Zealot, 16 Judas son of James, and Judas Iscariot, who became a traitor.

Blessings and Woes(P)

17 He went down with them and stood on a level place. A large crowd of his disciples was there and a great number of people from all over Judea, from Jerusalem, and from the coastal region around Tyre and Sidon,(Q) 18 who had come to hear him and to be healed of their diseases. Those troubled by impure spirits were cured, 19 and the people all tried to touch him,(R) because power was coming from him and healing them all.(S)

20 Looking at his disciples, he said:

“Blessed are you who are poor,
    for yours is the kingdom of God.(T)
21 Blessed are you who hunger now,
    for you will be satisfied.(U)
Blessed are you who weep now,
    for you will laugh.(V)
22 Blessed are you when people hate you,
    when they exclude you(W) and insult you(X)
    and reject your name as evil,
        because of the Son of Man.(Y)

23 “Rejoice in that day and leap for joy,(Z) because great is your reward in heaven. For that is how their ancestors treated the prophets.(AA)

24 “But woe to you who are rich,(AB)
    for you have already received your comfort.(AC)
25 Woe to you who are well fed now,
    for you will go hungry.(AD)
Woe to you who laugh now,
    for you will mourn and weep.(AE)
26 Woe to you when everyone speaks well of you,
    for that is how their ancestors treated the false prophets.(AF)

Love for Enemies(AG)

27 “But to you who are listening I say: Love your enemies, do good to those who hate you,(AH) 28 bless those who curse you, pray for those who mistreat you.(AI) 29 If someone slaps you on one cheek, turn to them the other also. If someone takes your coat, do not withhold your shirt from them. 30 Give to everyone who asks you, and if anyone takes what belongs to you, do not demand it back.(AJ) 31 Do to others as you would have them do to you.(AK)

32 “If you love those who love you, what credit is that to you?(AL) Even sinners love those who love them. 33 And if you do good to those who are good to you, what credit is that to you? Even sinners do that. 34 And if you lend to those from whom you expect repayment, what credit is that to you?(AM) Even sinners lend to sinners, expecting to be repaid in full. 35 But love your enemies, do good to them,(AN) and lend to them without expecting to get anything back. Then your reward will be great, and you will be children(AO) of the Most High,(AP) because he is kind to the ungrateful and wicked. 36 Be merciful,(AQ) just as your Father(AR) is merciful.

Judging Others(AS)

37 “Do not judge, and you will not be judged.(AT) Do not condemn, and you will not be condemned. Forgive, and you will be forgiven.(AU) 38 Give, and it will be given to you. A good measure, pressed down, shaken together and running over, will be poured into your lap.(AV) For with the measure you use, it will be measured to you.”(AW)

39 He also told them this parable: “Can the blind lead the blind? Will they not both fall into a pit?(AX) 40 The student is not above the teacher, but everyone who is fully trained will be like their teacher.(AY)

41 “Why do you look at the speck of sawdust in your brother’s eye and pay no attention to the plank in your own eye? 42 How can you say to your brother, ‘Brother, let me take the speck out of your eye,’ when you yourself fail to see the plank in your own eye? You hypocrite, first take the plank out of your eye, and then you will see clearly to remove the speck from your brother’s eye.

A Tree and Its Fruit(AZ)

43 “No good tree bears bad fruit, nor does a bad tree bear good fruit. 44 Each tree is recognized by its own fruit.(BA) People do not pick figs from thornbushes, or grapes from briers. 45 A good man brings good things out of the good stored up in his heart, and an evil man brings evil things out of the evil stored up in his heart. For the mouth speaks what the heart is full of.(BB)

The Wise and Foolish Builders(BC)

46 “Why do you call me, ‘Lord, Lord,’(BD) and do not do what I say?(BE) 47 As for everyone who comes to me and hears my words and puts them into practice,(BF) I will show you what they are like. 48 They are like a man building a house, who dug down deep and laid the foundation on rock. When a flood came, the torrent struck that house but could not shake it, because it was well built. 49 But the one who hears my words and does not put them into practice is like a man who built a house on the ground without a foundation. The moment the torrent struck that house, it collapsed and its destruction was complete.”

Jesus Is Lord of the Sabbath(A)

Now (B)it happened [a]on the second Sabbath after the first that He went through the grainfields. And His disciples plucked the heads of grain and ate them, rubbing them in their hands. And some of the Pharisees said to them, “Why are you doing (C)what is not lawful to do on the Sabbath?”

But Jesus answering them said, “Have you not even read this, (D)what David did when he was hungry, he and those who were with him: how he went into the house of God, took and ate the showbread, and also gave some to those with him, (E)which is not lawful for any but the priests to eat?” And He said to them, “The Son of Man is also Lord of the Sabbath.”

Healing on the Sabbath(F)

(G)Now it happened on another Sabbath, also, that He entered the synagogue and taught. And a man was there whose right hand was withered. So the scribes and Pharisees watched Him closely, whether He would (H)heal on the Sabbath, that they might find an (I)accusation against Him. But He (J)knew their thoughts, and said to the man who had the withered hand, “Arise and stand here.” And he arose and stood. Then Jesus said to them, “I will ask you one thing: (K)Is it lawful on the Sabbath to do good or to do evil, to save life or [b]to destroy?” 10 And when He had looked around at them all, He said to [c]the man, “Stretch out your hand.” And he did so, and his hand was restored [d]as whole as the other. 11 But they were filled with rage, and discussed with one another what they might do to Jesus.

The Twelve Apostles(L)

12 Now it came to pass in those days that He went out to the mountain to pray, and continued all night in (M)prayer to God. 13 And when it was day, He called His disciples to Himself; (N)and from them He chose (O)twelve whom He also named apostles: 14 Simon, (P)whom He also named Peter, and Andrew his brother; James and John; Philip and Bartholomew; 15 Matthew and Thomas; James the son of Alphaeus, and Simon called the Zealot; 16 Judas (Q)the son of James, and (R)Judas Iscariot who also became a traitor.

Jesus Heals a Great Multitude(S)

17 And He came down with them and stood on a level place with a crowd of His disciples (T)and a great multitude of people from all Judea and Jerusalem, and from the seacoast of Tyre and Sidon, who came to hear Him and be healed of their diseases, 18 as well as those who were tormented with unclean spirits. And they were healed. 19 And the whole multitude (U)sought to (V)touch Him, for (W)power went out from Him and healed them all.

The Beatitudes(X)

20 Then He lifted up His eyes toward His disciples, and said:

(Y)“Blessed are you poor,
For yours is the kingdom of God.
21 (Z)Blessed are you who hunger now,
For you shall be (AA)filled.[e]
(AB)Blessed are you who weep now,
For you shall (AC)laugh.
22 (AD)Blessed are you when men hate you,
And when they (AE)exclude you,
And revile you, and cast out your name as evil,
For the Son of Man’s sake.
23 (AF)Rejoice in that day and leap for joy!
For indeed your reward is great in heaven,
For (AG)in like manner their fathers did to the prophets.

Jesus Pronounces Woes

24 “But(AH) woe to you (AI)who are rich,
For (AJ)you have received your consolation.
25 (AK)Woe to you who are full,
For you shall hunger.
(AL)Woe to you who laugh now,
For you shall mourn and (AM)weep.
26 (AN)Woe [f]to you when [g]all men speak well of you,
For so did their fathers to the false prophets.

Love Your Enemies(AO)

27 (AP)“But I say to you who hear: Love your enemies, do good to those who hate you, 28 (AQ)bless those who curse you, and (AR)pray for those who spitefully use you. 29 (AS)To him who strikes you on the one cheek, offer the other also. (AT)And from him who takes away your cloak, do not withhold your tunic either. 30 (AU)Give to everyone who asks of you. And from him who takes away your goods do not ask them back. 31 (AV)And just as you want men to do to you, you also do to them likewise.

32 (AW)“But if you love those who love you, what credit is that to you? For even sinners love those who love them. 33 And if you do good to those who do good to you, what credit is that to you? For even sinners do the same. 34 (AX)And if you lend to those from whom you hope to receive back, what credit is that to you? For even sinners lend to sinners to receive as much back. 35 But (AY)love your enemies, (AZ)do good, and (BA)lend, [h]hoping for nothing in return; and your reward will be great, and (BB)you will be sons of the Most High. For He is kind to the unthankful and evil. 36 (BC)Therefore be merciful, just as your Father also is merciful.

Do Not Judge(BD)

37 (BE)“Judge not, and you shall not be judged. Condemn not, and you shall not be condemned. (BF)Forgive, and you will be forgiven. 38 (BG)Give, and it will be given to you: good measure, pressed down, shaken together, and running over will be put into your (BH)bosom. For (BI)with the same measure that you use, it will be measured back to you.”

39 And He spoke a parable to them: (BJ)“Can the blind lead the blind? Will they not both fall into the ditch? 40 (BK)A disciple is not above his teacher, but everyone who is perfectly trained will be like his teacher. 41 (BL)And why do you look at the speck in your brother’s eye, but do not perceive the plank in your own eye? 42 Or how can you say to your brother, ‘Brother, let me remove the speck that is in your eye,’ when you yourself do not see the plank that is in your own eye? Hypocrite! First remove the plank from your own eye, and then you will see clearly to remove the speck that is in your brother’s eye.

A Tree Is Known by Its Fruit(BM)

43 (BN)“For a good tree does not bear bad fruit, nor does a bad tree bear good fruit. 44 For (BO)every tree is known by its own fruit. For men do not gather figs from thorns, nor do they gather grapes from a bramble bush. 45 (BP)A good man out of the good treasure of his heart brings forth good; and an evil man out of the evil [i]treasure of his heart brings forth evil. For out (BQ)of the abundance of the heart his mouth speaks.

Build on the Rock(BR)

46 (BS)“But why do you call Me ‘Lord, Lord,’ and not do the things which I say? 47 (BT)Whoever comes to Me, and hears My sayings and does them, I will show you whom he is like: 48 He is like a man building a house, who dug deep and laid the foundation on the rock. And when the flood arose, the stream beat vehemently against that house, and could not shake it, for it was [j]founded on the rock. 49 But he who heard and did nothing is like a man who built a house on the earth without a foundation, against which the stream beat vehemently; and immediately it [k]fell. And the ruin of that house was great.”

Footnotes

  1. Luke 6:1 NU on a Sabbath that He went
  2. Luke 6:9 M to kill
  3. Luke 6:10 NU, M him
  4. Luke 6:10 NU omits as whole as the other
  5. Luke 6:21 satisfied
  6. Luke 6:26 NU, M omit to you
  7. Luke 6:26 M omits all
  8. Luke 6:35 expecting
  9. Luke 6:45 NU omits treasure of his heart
  10. Luke 6:48 NU well built
  11. Luke 6:49 NU collapsed