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Lukas 18
Hoffnung für Alle

Das Gleichnis vom Richter und der Witwe

18 Wie wichtig es ist, unermüdlich zu beten und dabei nicht aufzugeben, machte Jesus durch ein Gleichnis deutlich:

2 »In einer Stadt lebte ein Richter, dem Gott und die Menschen gleichgültig waren. 3 In derselben Stadt lebte auch eine Witwe. Diese bestürmte ihn Tag für Tag mit ihrer Not: ›Verhilf mir doch endlich zu meinem Recht!‹ 4 Lange Zeit stieß sie bei ihm auf taube Ohren, aber schließlich sagte er sich: ›Mir sind zwar Gott und die Menschen gleichgültig, 5 aber diese Frau lässt mir einfach keine Ruhe. Ich muss ihr zu ihrem Recht verhelfen, sonst wird sie am Ende noch handgreiflich.‹«

6 Und Jesus, der Herr, erklärte dazu: »Ihr habt gehört, was dieser ungerechte Richter gesagt hat. 7 Wenn schon er so handelt, wie viel mehr wird Gott seinen Auserwählten zum Recht verhelfen, die ihn Tag und Nacht darum bitten! Wird er sie etwa lange warten lassen? 8 Ich sage euch, er wird ihnen schnellstens helfen. Die Frage ist: Wird der Menschensohn, wenn er kommt, auf der Erde überhaupt noch Menschen mit einem solchen Glauben finden?«

Das Gleichnis vom Pharisäer und vom Zolleinnehmer

9 Jesus erzählte ein weiteres Gleichnis. Er wandte sich damit besonders an die Menschen, die selbstgerecht sind und auf andere herabsehen:

10 »Zwei Männer gingen hinauf in den Tempel, um zu beten. Der eine war ein Pharisäer, der andere ein Zolleinnehmer. 11 Selbstsicher stand der Pharisäer dort und betete: ›Ich danke dir, Gott, dass ich nicht so bin wie andere Leute: kein Räuber, kein Betrüger, kein Ehebrecher und auch nicht wie dieser Zolleinnehmer da hinten. 12 Ich faste zwei Tage in der Woche und gebe von allen meinen Einkünften[a] den zehnten Teil für dich.‹

13 Der Zolleinnehmer dagegen blieb verlegen am Eingang stehen und wagte es nicht einmal aufzusehen. Schuldbewusst betete er:[b] ›Gott, sei mir gnädig und vergib mir, ich weiß, dass ich ein Sünder bin!‹

14 Ihr könnt sicher sein, dieser Mann ging von seiner Schuld befreit nach Hause, nicht aber der Pharisäer. Denn wer sich selbst ehrt, wird gedemütigt werden; aber wer sich selbst erniedrigt, wird geehrt werden.«

Jesus und die Kinder (Matthäus 19,13‒15; Markus 10,13‒16)

15 Einige Eltern brachten ihre kleinen Kinder zu Jesus, damit er ihnen die Hände auflegte. Die Jünger sahen das, fuhren sie an und wollten sie wegschicken. 16 Doch Jesus rief die Kinder zu sich und sagte: »Lasst die Kinder zu mir kommen und haltet sie nicht zurück, denn Menschen wie ihnen gehört Gottes Reich. 17 Ich versichere euch: Wer sich Gottes Reich nicht wie ein Kind schenken lässt, der wird ganz sicher nicht hineinkommen.«

Die Reichen und das Reich Gottes (Matthäus 19,16‒30; Markus 10,17‒31)

18 Jesus wurde von einem angesehenen Mann gefragt: »Guter Lehrer, was muss ich tun, um das ewige Leben zu bekommen?« 19 Jesus entgegnete: »Weshalb nennst du mich gut? Es gibt nur einen, der gut ist, und das ist Gott. 20 Du kennst doch die Gebote: Du sollst nicht die Ehe brechen! Du sollst nicht töten! Du sollst nicht stehlen! Sag nichts Unwahres über deinen Mitmenschen! Ehre deinen Vater und deine Mutter!«[c]

21 Der Mann antwortete: »An all das habe ich mich von Jugend an gehalten.« 22 Als Jesus das hörte, erwiderte er: »Etwas fehlt dir noch. Verkaufe alles, was du hast, und verteil das Geld an die Armen. Damit wirst du im Himmel einen Reichtum gewinnen, der niemals verloren geht. Und dann komm und folge mir nach!«

23 Als der Mann das hörte, wurde er sehr traurig, denn er war überaus reich.

24 Jesus merkte es und sagte: »Wie schwer ist es doch für Menschen, die viel besitzen, in Gottes Reich zu kommen! 25 Eher geht ein Kamel durch ein Nadelöhr, als dass ein Reicher in Gottes Reich kommt.«

26 »Wer kann dann überhaupt gerettet werden?«, fragten ihn seine Zuhörer.

27 Er antwortete: »Was für Menschen unmöglich ist, ist für Gott möglich.«

28 Jetzt fragte Petrus: »Aber wie ist es nun mit uns? Wir haben doch unseren Besitz aufgegeben und sind mit dir gegangen.« 29 Jesus sagte zu seinen Jüngern gewandt: »Ich versichere euch: Jeder, der sein Haus, seine Frau, seine Geschwister, seine Eltern oder seine Kinder zurücklässt, um sich für Gottes Reich einzusetzen, 30 der bekommt es hier auf dieser Erde vielfach wieder, und dann in der zukünftigen Welt das ewige Leben.«

Jesus kündigt zum dritten Mal seinen Tod und seine Auferstehung an (Matthäus 20,17‒19; Markus 10,32‒34)

31 Jesus nahm seine zwölf Jünger beiseite und sagte ihnen: »Wir gehen jetzt nach Jerusalem. Dort wird sich alles erfüllen, was die Propheten über den Menschensohn geschrieben haben. 32 Man wird ihn denen übergeben, die Gott nicht kennen. Die werden ihren Spott mit ihm treiben, ihn misshandeln, anspucken 33 und schließlich auspeitschen und töten. Aber am dritten Tag wird er von den Toten auferstehen.« 34 Die Jünger begriffen nichts. Was Jesus damit sagen wollte, blieb ihnen verborgen, und sie verstanden es nicht.

Ein Blinder wird geheilt (Matthäus 20,29‒34; Markus 10,46‒52)

35 Jesus und seine Jünger waren unterwegs nach Jericho. In der Nähe der Stadt saß ein Blinder an der Straße und bettelte. 36 Er hörte den Lärm der vorbeiziehenden Menge und fragte nach, was da los sei. 37 Einige riefen ihm zu: »Jesus aus Nazareth kommt vorbei!« 38 Als er das hörte, schrie er laut: »Jesus, du Sohn Davids, hab Erbarmen mit mir!« 39 Die Leute, die der Menschenmenge vorausliefen, fuhren ihn an, er solle still sein. Aber er schrie nur noch lauter: »Du Sohn Davids, hab Erbarmen mit mir!«

40 Jesus blieb stehen und ließ den Mann zu sich führen. Als dieser nahe herangekommen war, fragte Jesus ihn: 41 »Was soll ich für dich tun?« »Herr«, flehte ihn der Blinde an, »ich möchte sehen können!« 42 »Du sollst sehen können!«, sagte Jesus zu ihm. »Dein Glaube hat dich geheilt.« 43 Im selben Augenblick konnte der Blinde sehen. Er folgte Jesus und lobte Gott. Und auch alle, die seine Heilung miterlebt hatten, lobten und dankten Gott.

Footnotes

  1. 18,12 Oder: von allem, was ich kaufe.
  2. 18,13 Wörtlich: Er schlug sich an die Brust und betete.
  3. 18,20 Vgl. 2. Mose 20,12‒16.
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Lukas 18
Schlachter 2000

Das Gleichnis vom ungerechten Richter

18 Er sagte ihnen aber auch ein Gleichnis, um ihnen zu zeigen, dass es nötig ist, allezeit zu beten und nicht nachlässig zu werden;

2 und er sprach: Es war ein Richter in einer Stadt, der Gott nicht fürchtete und sich vor keinem Menschen scheute.

3 Es war aber eine Witwe in jener Stadt; die kam zu ihm und sprach: Schaffe mir Recht gegenüber meinem Widersacher!

4 Und er wollte lange nicht; danach aber sprach er bei sich selbst: Wenn ich auch Gott nicht fürchte und mich vor keinem Menschen scheue,

5 so will ich dennoch, weil mir diese Witwe Mühe macht, ihr Recht schaffen, damit sie nicht unaufhörlich kommt und mich plagt.

6 Und der Herr sprach: Hört, was der ungerechte Richter sagt!

7 Gott aber, wird er nicht seinen Auserwählten Recht schaffen, die Tag und Nacht zu ihm rufen, wenn er auch lange zuwartet mit ihnen?

8 Ich sage euch: Er wird ihnen schnell Recht schaffen! Doch wenn der Sohn des Menschen kommt, wird er auch den Glauben finden auf Erden?

Das Gleichnis vom Pharisäer und vom Zöllner

9 Er sagte aber auch zu etlichen, die auf sich selbst vertrauten, dass sie gerecht seien, und die Übrigen verachteten, dieses Gleichnis:

10 Es gingen zwei Menschen hinauf in den Tempel, um zu beten, der eine ein Pharisäer, der andere ein Zöllner.

11 Der Pharisäer stellte sich hin und betete bei sich selbst so: O Gott, ich danke dir, dass ich nicht bin wie die übrigen Menschen, Räuber, Ungerechte, Ehebrecher, oder auch wie dieser Zöllner da.

12 Ich faste zweimal in der Woche und gebe den Zehnten von allem, was ich einnehme!

13 Und der Zöllner stand von ferne, wagte nicht einmal seine Augen zum Himmel zu erheben, sondern schlug an seine Brust und sprach: O Gott, sei mir Sünder gnädig!

14 Ich sage euch: Dieser ging gerechtfertigt in sein Haus hinab, im Gegensatz zu jenem. Denn jeder, der sich selbst erhöht, wird erniedrigt werden; wer aber sich selbst erniedrigt, der wird erhöht werden.

Jesus segnet die Kinder

15 Sie brachten aber auch kleine Kinder zu ihm, damit er sie anrühre. Als es aber die Jünger sahen, tadelten sie sie.

16 Aber Jesus rief sie zu sich und sprach: Lasst die Kinder zu mir kommen und wehrt ihnen nicht, denn solcher ist das Reich Gottes.

17 Wahrlich, ich sage euch: Wer das Reich Gottes nicht annimmt wie ein Kind, wird gar nicht hineinkommen!

Der reiche Oberste und das Erbe des ewigen Lebens

18 Und es fragte ihn ein Oberster und sprach: Guter Meister, was muss ich tun, um das ewige Leben zu erben?

19 Da sprach Jesus zu ihm: Was nennst du mich gut? Niemand ist gut als Gott allein!

20 Du kennst die Gebote: »Du sollst nicht ehebrechen! Du sollst nicht töten! Du sollst nicht stehlen! Du sollst nicht falsches Zeugnis reden! Du sollst deinen Vater und deine Mutter ehren!«[a]

21 Er aber sprach: Das alles habe ich gehalten von meiner Jugend an.

22 Als Jesus dies hörte, sprach er zu ihm: Eins fehlt dir noch: Verkaufe alles, was du hast, und verteile es an die Armen, so wirst du einen Schatz im Himmel haben, und komm, folge mir nach!

23 Als er aber dies hörte, wurde er ganz traurig; denn er war sehr reich.

24 Als aber Jesus ihn so sah, dass er ganz traurig geworden war, sprach er: Wie schwer werden die Reichen ins Reich Gottes hineinkommen!

25 Denn es ist leichter, dass ein Kamel durch ein Nadelöhr geht, als dass ein Reicher in das Reich Gottes hineinkommt.

26 Da sprachen die, welche es hörten: Wer kann dann überhaupt errettet werden?

27 Er aber sprach: Was bei den Menschen unmöglich ist, das ist bei Gott möglich.

28 Da sprach Petrus: Siehe, wir haben alles verlassen und sind dir nachgefolgt!

29 Er aber sprach zu ihnen: Wahrlich, ich sage euch: Es ist niemand, der Haus oder Eltern oder Brüder oder Frau oder Kinder verlassen hat um des Reiches Gottes willen,

30 der es nicht vielfältig wieder empfinge in dieser Zeit und in der zukünftigen Weltzeit das ewige Leben!

Jesus sagt zum dritten Mal sein Leiden und seine Auferstehung voraus

31 Er nahm aber die Zwölf zu sich und sprach zu ihnen: Siehe, wir ziehen hinauf nach Jerusalem, und es wird alles erfüllt werden, was durch die Propheten über den Sohn des Menschen geschrieben ist;

32 denn er wird den Heiden ausgeliefert und verspottet und misshandelt und angespuckt werden;

33 und sie werden ihn geißeln und töten, und am dritten Tag wird er wieder auferstehen.

34 Und sie verstanden nichts davon, und dieses Wort war ihnen zu geheimnisvoll, und sie begriffen das Gesagte nicht.

Heilung eines Blinden in Jericho

35 Es geschah aber, als er sich Jericho näherte, da saß ein Blinder am Weg und bettelte.

36 Und als er die Menge vorüberziehen hörte, erkundigte er sich, was das sei.

37 Da verkündeten sie ihm, dass Jesus, der Nazarener vorübergehe.

38 Und er rief und sprach: Jesus, du Sohn Davids[b], erbarme dich über mich!

39 Und die vorangingen, geboten ihm, er solle schweigen; er aber rief noch viel mehr: Du Sohn Davids, erbarme dich über mich!

40 Da blieb Jesus stehen und befahl, dass er zu ihm gebracht werde. Und als er herangekommen war, fragte er ihn

41 und sprach: Was willst du, dass ich dir tun soll? Er sprach: Herr, dass ich sehend werde!

42 Und Jesus sprach zu ihm: Sei sehend! Dein Glaube hat dich gerettet.

43 Und sogleich wurde er sehend und folgte ihm nach und pries Gott; und das ganze Volk, das dies sah, lobte Gott.

Footnotes

  1. (18,20) 2Mo 20,14-16.
  2. (18,38) eine Bezeichnung für den Messias.
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Luke 18
New English Translation

Prayer and the Parable of the Persistent Widow

18 Then[a] Jesus[b] told them a parable to show them they should always[c] pray and not lose heart.[d] 2 He said,[e] “In a certain city[f] there was a judge[g] who neither feared God nor respected people.[h] 3 There was also a widow[i] in that city[j] who kept coming[k] to him and saying, ‘Give me justice against my adversary.’ 4 For[l] a while he refused, but later on[m] he said to himself, ‘Though I neither fear God nor have regard for people,[n] 5 yet because this widow keeps on bothering me, I will give her justice, or in the end she will wear me out[o] by her unending pleas.’”[p] 6 And the Lord said, “Listen to what the unrighteous judge says![q] 7 Won’t[r] God give justice to his chosen ones, who cry out[s] to him day and night?[t] Will he delay[u] long to help them? 8 I tell you, he will give them justice speedily.[v] Nevertheless, when the Son of Man comes, will he find faith[w] on earth?”

The Parable of the Pharisee and Tax Collector

9 Jesus[x] also told this parable to some who were confident that they were righteous and looked down[y] on everyone else. 10 “Two men went up[z] to the temple to pray, one a Pharisee[aa] and the other a tax collector.[ab] 11 The Pharisee stood and prayed about himself like this:[ac] ‘God, I thank[ad] you that I am not like other people:[ae] extortionists,[af] unrighteous people,[ag] adulterers—or even like this tax collector.[ah] 12 I fast twice[ai] a week; I give a tenth[aj] of everything I get.’ 13 The tax collector, however, stood[ak] far off and would not even look up[al] to heaven, but beat his breast and said, ‘God, be merciful[am] to me, sinner that I am!’[an] 14 I tell you that this man went down to his home justified[ao] rather than the Pharisee.[ap] For everyone who exalts[aq] himself will be humbled, but he who humbles himself will be exalted.”

Jesus and Little Children

15 Now people[ar] were even bringing their babies[as] to him for him to touch.[at] But when the disciples saw it, they began to scold those who brought them.[au] 16 But Jesus called for the children,[av] saying, “Let the little children come to me and do not try to stop them, for the kingdom of God[aw] belongs to such as these.[ax] 17 I tell you the truth,[ay] whoever does not receive[az] the kingdom of God like a child[ba] will never[bb] enter it.”

The Wealthy Ruler

18 Now[bc] a certain leader[bd] asked him, “Good teacher, what must I do to inherit eternal life?”[be] 19 Jesus[bf] said to him, “Why do you call me good?[bg] No one is good except God alone. 20 You know the commandments: ‘Do not commit adultery, do not murder, do not steal, do not give false testimony, honor your father and mother.’”[bh] 21 The man[bi] replied, “I have wholeheartedly obeyed[bj] all these laws[bk] since my youth.”[bl] 22 When Jesus heard this, he said to him, “One thing you still lack. Sell all that you have[bm] and give the money[bn] to the poor,[bo] and you will have treasure[bp] in heaven. Then[bq] come, follow me.” 23 But when the man[br] heard this he became very sad,[bs] for he was extremely wealthy. 24 When Jesus noticed this,[bt] he said, “How hard[bu] it is for the rich to enter the kingdom of God![bv] 25 In fact, it is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle[bw] than for a rich person to enter the kingdom of God.” 26 Those who heard this said, “Then[bx] who can be saved?”[by] 27 He replied, “What is impossible[bz] for mere humans[ca] is possible for God.” 28 And Peter said, “Look, we have left everything we own[cb] to follow you! 29 Then[cc] Jesus[cd] said to them, “I tell you the truth,[ce] there is no one who has left home or wife or brothers[cf] or parents or children for the sake of God’s kingdom 30 who will not receive many times more[cg] in this age[ch]—and in the age to come, eternal life.”[ci]

Another Prediction of Jesus’ Passion

31 Then[cj] Jesus[ck] took the twelve aside and said to them, “Look, we are going up to Jerusalem, and everything that is written about the Son of Man by the prophets will be accomplished.[cl] 32 For he will be handed over[cm] to the Gentiles; he will be mocked,[cn] mistreated,[co] and spat on.[cp] 33 They will flog him severely[cq] and kill him. Yet[cr] on the third day he will rise again.” 34 But[cs] the twelve[ct] understood none of these things. This[cu] saying was hidden from them, and they did not grasp[cv] what Jesus meant.[cw]

Healing a Blind Man

35 As[cx] Jesus[cy] approached[cz] Jericho, a blind man was sitting by the road begging. 36 When he heard a crowd going by, he asked what was going on. 37 They[da] told him, “Jesus the Nazarene is passing by.” 38 So[db] he called out,[dc] “Jesus, Son of David,[dd] have mercy[de] on me!” 39 And those who were in front[df] scolded[dg] him to get him to be quiet, but he shouted[dh] even more, “Son of David, have mercy on me!” 40 So[di] Jesus stopped and ordered the beggar[dj] to be brought to him. When the man[dk] came near, Jesus[dl] asked him, 41 “What do you want me to do for you?” He replied,[dm] “Lord, let me see again.”[dn] 42 Jesus[do] said to him, “Receive[dp] your sight; your faith has healed you.”[dq] 43 And immediately he regained[dr] his sight and followed Jesus,[ds] praising[dt] God. When[du] all the people saw it, they too[dv] gave praise to God.

Footnotes

  1. Luke 18:1 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the narrative.
  2. Luke 18:1 tn Grk “he”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
  3. Luke 18:1 tn Or “should pray at all times” (L&N 67.88).
  4. Luke 18:1 sn This is one of the few parables that comes with an explanation at the start:…they should always pray and not lose heart. It is part of Luke’s goal in encouraging Theophilus (1:4).
  5. Luke 18:2 tn Grk “lose heart, saying.” This is a continuation of the previous sentence in the Greek text, but a new sentence was started here in the translation by supplying the pronominal subject “He.”
  6. Luke 18:2 tn Or “town.”
  7. Luke 18:2 sn The judge here is apparently portrayed as a civil judge who often handled financial cases.
  8. Luke 18:2 tn Grk “man,” but the singular ἄνθρωπος (anthrōpos) is used as a generic in comparison to God.
  9. Luke 18:3 sn This widow was not necessarily old, since many people lived only into their thirties in the 1st century.
  10. Luke 18:3 tn Or “town.”
  11. Luke 18:3 tn This is an iterative imperfect; the widow did this on numerous occasions.
  12. Luke 18:4 tn Grk “And for.” Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
  13. Luke 18:4 tn Grk “after these things.”
  14. Luke 18:4 tn Grk “man,” but the singular ἄνθρωπος (anthrōpos) is used as a generic in comparison to God.
  15. Luke 18:5 tn The term ὑπωπιάζω (hupōpiazō) in this context means “to wear someone out by continual annoying” (L&N 25.245).
  16. Luke 18:5 tn Grk “by her continual coming,” but the point of annoyance to the judge is her constant pleas for justice (v. 3).
  17. Luke 18:6 sn Listen to what the unrighteous judge says! The point of the parable is that the judge’s lack of compassion was overcome by the widow’s persistence.
  18. Luke 18:7 tn Here δέ (de) has not been translated.
  19. Luke 18:7 sn The prayers have to do with the righteous who cry out to him to receive justice. The context assumes the righteous are persecuted.
  20. Luke 18:7 tn The emphatic particles in this sentence indicate that God will indeed give justice to the righteous.
  21. Luke 18:7 sn The issue of delay has produced a whole host of views for this verse. (1) Does this assume provision to endure in the meantime? Or (2) does it mean God restricts the level of persecution until he comes? Either view is possible.
  22. Luke 18:8 tn Some argue this should be translated “suddenly.” When vindication comes it will be quick. But the more natural meaning is “soon.” God will not forget his elect and will respond to them. It may be that this verse has a prophetic perspective. In light of the eternity that comes, vindication is soon.
  23. Luke 18:8 sn Will he find faith on earth? The Son of Man is looking for those who continue to believe in him, despite the wait.
  24. Luke 18:9 tn Grk “He”; the referent has been specified in the translation for clarity.
  25. Luke 18:9 tn Grk “and despised.” This is a second parable with an explanatory introduction.
  26. Luke 18:10 sn The temple is on a hill in Jerusalem, so one would go up to enter its precincts.
  27. Luke 18:10 sn See the note on Pharisees in 5:17.
  28. Luke 18:10 sn See the note on tax collectors in 3:12.
  29. Luke 18:11 tn Or “stood by himself and prayed like this.” The prepositional phrase πρὸς ἑαυτόν (pros eauton, “to/about himself”) could go with either the aorist participle σταθείς (statheis, “stood”) or with the imperfect verb προσηύχετο (prosēucheto, “he prayed”). If taken with the participle, then the meaning would seem at first glance to be: “stood ‘by himself’,” or “stood ‘alone’.” Now it is true that πρός can mean “by” or “with” when used with intransitive verbs such as ἵστημι (histēmi, “I stand”; cf. BDAG 874 s.v. πρός 2.a), but πρὸς ἑαυτόν together never means “by himself” or “alone” in biblical Greek. On the other hand, if πρὸς ἑαυτόν is taken with the verb, then two different nuances emerge, both of which highlight in different ways the principal point Jesus seems to be making about the arrogance of this religious leader: (1) “prayed to himself,” but not necessarily silently, or (2) “prayed about himself,” with the connotation that he prayed out loud, for all to hear. Since his prayer is really a review of his moral résumé, directed both at advertising his own righteousness and exposing the perversion of the tax collector, whom he actually mentions in his prayer, the latter option seems preferable. If this is the case, then the Pharisee’s mention of God is really nothing more than a formality.
  30. Luke 18:11 sn The Pharisee’s prayer started out as a thanksgiving psalm to God, but the praise ended up not being about God.
  31. Luke 18:11 tn Here the plural Greek term ἀνθρώπων (anthrōpōn) is used as a generic and can refer to both men and women (NASB, NRSV, “people”; NLT, “everyone else”; NAB, “the rest of humanity”).
  32. Luke 18:11 tn Or “swindlers” (BDAG 134 s.v. ἅρπαξ 2); see also Isa 10:2; Josephus, J. W. 6.3.4 [6.203].
  33. Luke 18:11 sn A general category for “sinners” (1 Cor 6:9; Lev 19:3).
  34. Luke 18:11 sn Note what the Pharisee assumes about the righteousness of this tax collector by grouping him with extortionists, unrighteous people, and adulterers.
  35. Luke 18:12 sn The law only required fasting on the Day of Atonement. Such voluntary fasting as this practiced twice a week by the Pharisee normally took place on Monday and Thursday.
  36. Luke 18:12 tn Or “I tithe.”
  37. Luke 18:13 tn Grk “standing”; the Greek participle has been translated as a finite verb.
  38. Luke 18:13 tn Grk “even lift up his eyes” (an idiom).
  39. Luke 18:13 tn The prayer is a humble call for forgiveness. The term for mercy (ἱλάσκομαι, hilaskomai) is associated with the concept of a request for atonement (BDAG 473-74 s.v. 1; Pss 51:1, 3; 25:11; 34:6, 18).
  40. Luke 18:13 tn Grk “the sinner.” The tax collector views himself not just as any sinner but as the worst of all sinners. See ExSyn 222-23.
  41. Luke 18:14 sn The prayer that was heard and honored was the one given with humility; in a surprising reversal it was the tax collector who went down to his home justified.
  42. Luke 18:14 tn Grk “the other”; the referent (the Pharisee, v. 10) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
  43. Luke 18:14 sn Everyone who exalts himself. See Luke 14:11. Jesus often called for humility and condemned those who sought honor.
  44. Luke 18:15 tn Grk “they.”
  45. Luke 18:15 tn The term βρέφος (brephos) here can refer to babies or to toddlers (2:12, 16; Acts 7:19; 2 Tim 3:15; 1 Pet 2:2).
  46. Luke 18:15 tn Grk “so that he would touch them.” Here the touch is connected with (or conveys) a blessing (cf. Mark 10:16; also BDAG 126 s.v. ἅπτω 2.c).
  47. Luke 18:15 tn Grk “the disciples began to scold them.” In the translation the referent has been specified as “those who brought them,” since otherwise the statement could be understood to mean that the disciples began scolding the children rather than their parents who brought them.
  48. Luke 18:16 tn Grk “summoned them”; the referent (the children) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
  49. Luke 18:16 sn The kingdom of God is a major theme of Jesus’ teaching. The nature of the kingdom of God in the NT and in Jesus’ teaching has long been debated by interpreters and scholars, with discussion primarily centering around the nature of the kingdom (earthly, heavenly, or both) and the kingdom’s arrival (present, future, or both). An additional major issue concerns the relationship between the kingdom of God and the person and work of Jesus himself. See Luke 6:20; 11:20; 17:20-21.
  50. Luke 18:16 sn The kingdom of God belongs to such as these. Children are a picture of those whose simple trust illustrates what faith is all about. The remark illustrates how everyone is important to God, even those whom others regard as insignificant.
  51. Luke 18:17 tn Grk “Truly (ἀμήν, amēn), I say to you.”
  52. Luke 18:17 sn On receive see John 1:12.
  53. Luke 18:17 sn The point of the comparison receive the kingdom of God like a child has more to do with a child’s trusting spirit and willingness to be dependent and receive from others than any inherent humility the child might possess.
  54. Luke 18:17 tn The negation in Greek used here (οὐ μή, ou mē) is very strong.
  55. Luke 18:18 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “now” to indicate the transition to a new topic.
  56. Luke 18:18 tn Grk “a certain ruler.” BDAG 140 s.v. ἄρχων 2.a takes this to be a member of the Sanhedrin, but Bock understands this to be “an influential wealthy man or civic leader who may have been known for his piety” (D. L. Bock, Luke [BECNT] 2:1476).sn Only Luke states this man is a leader (cf. the parallels in Matt 19:16-22 and Mark 10:17-22, where the questioner is described only as “someone”). He is probably a civic leader of some kind, a leader in the society.
  57. Luke 18:18 sn The rich man wanted to know what he must do to inherit eternal life, but Jesus had just finished teaching that eternal life was not earned but simply received (18:17). See the similar question about inheriting eternal life in Luke 10:25.
  58. Luke 18:19 tn Grk “And Jesus.” Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
  59. Luke 18:19 sn Jesus’ response, Why do you call me good?, was designed to cause the ruler to stop and think for a moment about who Jesus really was. The following statement No one is good except God alone seems to point the man in the direction of Jesus’ essential nature and the demands which logically follow on the man for having said it.
  60. Luke 18:20 sn A quotation from Exod 20:12-16 and Deut 5:16-20. Jesus cited the parts of the ten commandments that relate to how others should be treated.
  61. Luke 18:21 tn Grk “And he”; the referent (the ruler mentioned in v. 18) has been specified in the translation for clarity. Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
  62. Luke 18:21 tn Grk “kept.” The implication of this verb is that the man has obeyed the commandments without fail throughout his life, so the adverb “wholeheartedly” has been added to the translation to bring out this nuance.
  63. Luke 18:21 tn Grk “these things.” The referent of the pronoun (the laws mentioned by Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity.sn While the rich man was probably being sincere when he insisted I have wholeheartedly obeyed all these laws, he had confined his righteousness to external obedience. The rich man’s response to Jesus’ command to give away all he had revealed that internally he loved money more than God.
  64. Luke 18:21 sn Since my youth. Judaism regarded the age of thirteen as the age when a man would have become responsible to live by God’s commands.
  65. Luke 18:22 sn See Luke 14:33.
  66. Luke 18:22 tn The words “the money” are not in the Greek text, but are implied. Direct objects were frequently omitted in Greek when clear from the context.
  67. Luke 18:22 sn See Luke 1:50-53; 6:20-23; 14:12-14.
  68. Luke 18:22 sn The call for sacrifice comes with a promise of eternal reward:…you will have treasure in heaven. Jesus’ call is a test to see how responsive the man is to God’s direction through him. Will he walk the path God’s agent calls him to walk? For a rich person who got it right, see Zacchaeus in Luke 19:1-10.
  69. Luke 18:22 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the conversation.
  70. Luke 18:23 tn Grk “he”; the referent (the man) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
  71. Luke 18:23 tn Or “very distressed” (L&N 25.277).
  72. Luke 18:24 tc ‡ The phrase περίλυπον γενόμενον (perilupon genomenon, “[When Jesus saw him] becoming sad”) is found in the majority of mss (A [D] W Θ Ψ 078 ƒ13 33vid M latt sy), and it is not unknown in Lukan style to repeat a word or phrase in adjacent passages (TCGNT 143). However, the phrase is lacking in some significant mss (א B L ƒ1 579 1241 2542 co). The shorter reading is nevertheless difficult to explain if it is not autographic: It is possible that these witnesses omitted this phrase out of perceived redundancy from the preceding verse, although intentional omissions, especially by several and varied witnesses, are generally unlikely. NA28 places the words in brackets, indicating doubts as to their authenticity.tn Grk “him.”
  73. Luke 18:24 sn For the rich it is hard for wealth not to be the point of focus, as the contrast in vv. 28-30 will show, and for rich people to trust God. Wealth was not an automatic sign of blessing as far as Jesus was concerned.
  74. Luke 18:24 sn The kingdom of God is a major theme of Jesus’ teaching. See the note on this phrase in v. 16.
  75. Luke 18:25 sn The eye of a needle refers to a sewing needle, one of the smallest items one might deal with on a regular basis, in contrast to the biggest animal of the region. (Although the story of a small gate in Jerusalem known as “The Needle’s Eye” has been widely circulated and may go back as far as the middle ages, there is no evidence that such a gate ever existed.) Jesus is saying rhetorically that this is impossible, unless God (v. 27) intervenes.
  76. Luke 18:26 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of thought.
  77. Luke 18:26 sn The assumption is that the rich are blessed, so if they risk exclusion, who is left to be saved?
  78. Luke 18:27 sn The term impossible is in the emphatic position in the Greek text. God makes the impossible possible.
  79. Luke 18:27 tn The plural Greek term ἄνθρωποις (anthrōpois) is used here in a generic sense, referring to both men and women (cf. NASB 1995 update, “people”). Because of the contrast here between mere mortals and God (“impossible for men…possible for God”) the phrase “mere humans” has been used in the translation.
  80. Luke 18:28 tn Or “left our homes,” “left our possessions”; Grk “left our own things.” The word ἴδιος (idios) can refer to one’s home (including the people and possessions in it) or to one’s property or possessions. Both options are mentioned in BDAG 467 s.v. 4.b. See also I. H. Marshall, Luke (NIGTC), 688; D. L. Bock, Luke (BECNT), 2:1488.
  81. Luke 18:29 tn Here δέ (de) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the narrative.
  82. Luke 18:29 tn Grk “he”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
  83. Luke 18:29 tn Grk “Truly (ἀμήν, amēn), I say to you.”
  84. Luke 18:29 tn The term “brothers” could be understood as generic here, referring to either male or female siblings. However, it is noteworthy that in the parallel passages in both Matt 19:29 and Mark 10:29, “sisters” are explicitly mentioned in the Greek text.
  85. Luke 18:30 sn Jesus reassures his disciples with a promise that (1) much benefit in this life (many times more) and (2) eternal life in the age to come will be given.
  86. Luke 18:30 tn Grk “this time” (καιρός, kairos), but for stylistic reasons this has been translated “this age” here.
  87. Luke 18:30 sn Note that Luke (see also Matt 19:29; Mark 10:30; Luke 10:25) portrays eternal life as something one receives in the age to come, unlike John, who emphasizes the possibility of receiving eternal life in the present (John 5:24).
  88. Luke 18:31 tn Here δέ (de) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the narrative.
  89. Luke 18:31 tn Grk “he”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
  90. Luke 18:31 tn Or “fulfilled.” Jesus goes to Jerusalem by divine plan as the scripture records (Luke 2:39; 12:50; 22:37; Acts 13:29). See Luke 9:22, 44.
  91. Luke 18:32 sn The passive voice verb be handed over does not indicate by whom, but other passages note the Jewish leadership and betrayal (9:22, 44).
  92. Luke 18:32 sn See Luke 22:63; 23:11, 36.
  93. Luke 18:32 tn Or “and insulted.” L&N 33.390 and 88.130 note ὑβρίζω (hubrizō) can mean either “insult” or “mistreat with insolence.”
  94. Luke 18:32 sn And spat on. Later Luke does not note this detail in the passion narrative in chaps. 22-23, but see Mark 14:65; 15:19; Matt 26:67; 27:30 where Jesus’ prediction is fulfilled.
  95. Luke 18:33 tn Traditionally, “scourge” (the term means to beat severely with a whip, L&N 19.9). BDAG 620 s.v. μαστιγόω 1. states, “Of the beating (Lat. verberatio) given those condemned to death…J 19:1; cf. Mt 20:19; Mk 10:34; Lk 18:33.” Here the term has been translated “flog…severely” to distinguish it from the term φραγελλόω (phragelloō) used in Matt 27:26; Mark 15:15.
  96. Luke 18:33 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “yet” to indicate the contrast present in this context.
  97. Luke 18:34 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “but” to indicate the contrast.
  98. Luke 18:34 tn Grk “they”; the referent (the twelve, v. 31) has been specified in the context for clarity.
  99. Luke 18:34 tn Grk “And this.” Here καί (kai) has not been translated.
  100. Luke 18:34 sn This failure of the Twelve to grasp what Jesus meant probably does not mean that they did not understand linguistically what Jesus said, but that they could not comprehend how this could happen to him, if he was really God’s agent. The saying being hidden probably refers to God’s sovereign timing.
  101. Luke 18:34 tn Grk “the things having been said.” The active agent, Jesus, has been specified for clarity, and “said” has been translated as “meant” to indicate that comprehension of the significance is really in view here.
  102. Luke 18:35 tn Grk “Now it happened that as.” The introductory phrase ἐγένετο (egeneto, “it happened that”), common in Luke (69 times) and Acts (54 times), is redundant in contemporary English and has not been translated.
  103. Luke 18:35 tn Grk “he”; the referent (Jesus) has been supplied in the translation for clarity.
  104. Luke 18:35 tn The phrase is “he drew near to” (19:29; 24:28). It is also possible the term merely means “is in the vicinity of.” Also possible is a reversal in the timing of the healing and Zacchaeus events for literary reasons as the blind man “sees” where the rich man with everything did not.
  105. Luke 18:37 tn Here δέ (de) has not been translated. “They” could refer to bystanders or people in the crowd.
  106. Luke 18:38 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so” to indicate the implied result of the blind man learning that Jesus was nearby.
  107. Luke 18:38 tn Grk “called out, saying.” The participle λέγων (legōn) is redundant in contemporary English and has not been translated.
  108. Luke 18:38 sn Jesus was more than a Nazarene to this blind person, who saw quite well that Jesus was Son of David. He understood what Luke 7:22-23 affirms. There was a tradition in Judaism that the Son of David (Solomon) had great powers of healing (Josephus, Ant. 8.2.5 [8.42-49]).
  109. Luke 18:38 sn Have mercy on me is a request for healing (cf. 17:13). It is not owed the man. He simply asks for God’s kind grace.
  110. Luke 18:39 sn That is, those who were at the front of the procession.
  111. Luke 18:39 tn Or “rebuked.” The crowd’s view was that surely Jesus would not be bothered with someone as unimportant as a blind beggar.
  112. Luke 18:39 sn Public opinion would not sway the blind man from getting Jesus’ attention. The term shouted is strong as it can be used of animal cries.
  113. Luke 18:40 tn Here δέ (de) has been translated as “so” to indicate the implied result of the beggar’s cries.
  114. Luke 18:40 tn Grk “ordered him”; the referent (the blind beggar, v. 35) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
  115. Luke 18:40 tn Grk “he”; the referent (the beggar) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
  116. Luke 18:40 tn Grk “he”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
  117. Luke 18:41 tn Grk “said.”
  118. Luke 18:41 tn Grk “Lord, that I may see [again].” The phrase can be rendered as an imperative of request, “Please, give me sight.” Since the man is not noted as having been blind from birth (as the man in John 9 was) it is likely the request is to receive back the sight he once had.
  119. Luke 18:42 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
  120. Luke 18:42 tn Or “Regain” (see the note on the phrase “let me see again” in the previous verse).
  121. Luke 18:42 tn Grk “has saved you,” but in a nonsoteriological sense; the man has been delivered from his disability.
  122. Luke 18:43 tn Or “received” (see the note on the phrase “let me see again” in v. 41).
  123. Luke 18:43 tn Grk “him”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
  124. Luke 18:43 sn The presence of God’s work leads again to joy, with both the beggar and the people praising God (1:64; 2:20; 5:25-26; 7:16; 13:13; 17:15; 19:37).
  125. Luke 18:43 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
  126. Luke 18:43 tn The word “too” has been supplied for stylistic reasons.
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