The Burnt Offering

1 The Lord summoned Moses and spoke to him from the tent of meeting, saying, ² “Speak to the Israelites and say to them: When any of you bring an offering of livestock to the Lord, you shall bring your offering from the herd or from the flock.^(A)

³ “If the offering is a burnt offering from the herd, you shall offer a male without blemish; you shall bring it to the entrance of the tent of meeting, for acceptance on your behalf before the Lord.^{(B) 4} You shall lay your hand on the head of the burnt offering, and it shall be acceptable on your behalf as atonement for you.^{(C) 5} The bull shall be slaughtered before the Lord, and Aaron’s sons the priests shall offer the blood, dashing the blood against all sides of the altar that is at the entrance of the tent of meeting.^{(D) 6} The burnt offering shall be flayed and cut up into its parts. ⁷ The sons of the priest Aaron shall put fire on the altar and arrange wood on the fire.^{(E) 8} Aaron’s sons the priests shall arrange the parts, with the head and the suet, on the wood that is on the fire on the altar, ⁹ but its entrails and its legs shall be washed with water. Then the priest shall turn the rest into smoke on the altar as a burnt offering, an offering by fire^[a] of pleasing odor to the Lord.^(F)

¹⁰ “If your gift for a burnt offering is from the flock, from the sheep or goats, your offering shall be a male without blemish. ¹¹ It shall be slaughtered on the north side of the altar before the Lord, and Aaron’s sons the priests shall dash its blood against all sides of the altar.^{(G) 12} It shall be cut up into its parts, with its head and its suet, and the priest shall arrange them on the wood that is on the fire on the altar, ¹³ but the entrails and the legs shall be washed with water. Then the priest shall offer the rest and turn it into smoke on the altar; it is a burnt offering, an offering by fire^[b] of pleasing odor to the Lord.

¹⁴ “If your offering to the Lord is a burnt offering of birds, you shall choose your offering from turtledoves or pigeons.^{(H) 15} The priest shall bring it to the altar and wring off its head and turn it into smoke on the altar, and its blood shall be drained out against the side of the altar.^{(I) 16} He shall remove its entrails close to its tail feathers and throw it at the east side of the altar, in the place for ashes.^{(J) 17} He shall tear it open by its wings without severing it. Then the priest shall turn it into smoke on the altar, on the wood that is on the fire; it is a burnt offering, an offering by fire^[c] of pleasing odor to the Lord.^(K)

Grain Offerings

2 “When anyone presents a grain offering to the Lord, the offering shall be of choice flour; the worshiper shall pour oil on it and put frankincense on it^{(L) 2} and bring it to Aaron’s sons the priests. After taking from it a handful of the choice flour and oil, with all its frankincense, the priest shall turn this token portion into smoke on the altar, an offering by fire^[d] of pleasing odor to the Lord.^{(M) 3} And what is left of the grain offering shall be for Aaron and his sons, a most holy part of the offerings by fire^[e] to the Lord.^(N)

⁴ “When you present a grain offering baked in the oven, it shall be of choice flour: unleavened cakes mixed with oil or unleavened wafers spread with oil. ⁵ If your offering is grain prepared on a griddle, it shall be of choice flour mixed with oil, unleavened; ⁶ break it in pieces and pour oil on it; it is a grain offering. ⁷ If your offering is grain prepared in a pan, it shall be made of choice flour in oil. ⁸ You shall bring to the Lord the grain offering that is prepared in any of these ways, and when it is presented to the priest, he shall take it to the altar. ⁹ The priest shall remove from the grain offering its token portion and turn this into smoke on the altar, an offering by fire^[f] of pleasing odor to the Lord.^{(O) 10} And what is left of the grain offering shall be for Aaron and his sons; it is a most holy part of the offerings by fire^[g] to the Lord.^(P)

¹¹ “No grain offering that you bring to the Lord shall be made with leaven, for you must not turn any leaven or honey into smoke as an offering by fire^[h] to the Lord.^{(Q) 12} You may bring them to the Lord as an offering of choice products, but they shall not be offered on the altar for a pleasing odor.^{(R) 13} All your grain offerings you shall season with salt; you shall not omit from your grain offerings the salt of the covenant with your God; with all your offerings you shall offer salt.^(S)

¹⁴ “If you bring a grain offering of first fruits to the Lord, you shall bring as the grain offering of your first fruits crushed new grain from fresh ears, roasted in fire.^{(T) 15} You shall add oil to it and lay frankincense on it; it is a grain offering. ¹⁶ And the priest shall turn a token portion of it into smoke—some of the crushed grain and oil with all its frankincense; it is an offering by fire^[i] to the Lord.^(U)

Offerings of Well-Being

3 “If the offering is a sacrifice of well-being, if you offer an animal from the herd, whether male or female, you shall offer one without blemish before the Lord.^{(V) 2} You shall lay your hand on the head of the offering and slaughter it at the entrance of the tent of meeting, and Aaron’s sons the priests shall dash the blood against all sides of the altar.^{(W) 3} You shall offer from the sacrifice of well-being, as an offering by fire^[j] to the Lord, the fat that covers the entrails and all the fat that is around the entrails,^{(X) 4} the two kidneys with the fat that is on them at the loins, and the appendage of the liver, which he shall remove with the kidneys. ⁵ Then Aaron’s sons shall turn these into smoke on the altar, with the burnt offering that is on the wood on the fire, as an offering by fire^[k] of pleasing odor to the Lord.^(Y)

⁶ “If your offering for a sacrifice of well-being to the Lord is from the flock, male or female, you shall offer one without blemish.^{(Z) 7} If you present a sheep as your offering, you shall bring it before the Lord^{(AA) 8} and lay your hand on the head of the offering. It shall be slaughtered before the tent of meeting, and Aaron’s sons shall dash its blood against all sides of the altar.^{(AB) 9} You shall present its fat from the sacrifice of well-being, as an offering by fire^[l] to the Lord: the whole fatty tail, which shall be removed close to the backbone, the fat that covers the entrails and all the fat that is around the entrails, ¹⁰ the two kidneys with the fat that is on them at the loins, and the appendage of the liver, which you shall remove with the kidneys.^{(AC) 11} Then the priest shall turn these into smoke on the altar as a food offering by fire^[m] to the Lord.^(AD)

¹² “If your offering is a goat, you shall bring it before the Lord ¹³ and lay your hand on its head; it shall be slaughtered before the tent of meeting, and the sons of Aaron shall dash its blood against all sides of the altar. ¹⁴ You shall present as your offering from it, as an offering by fire^[n] to the Lord, the fat that covers the entrails and all the fat that is around the entrails, ¹⁵ the two kidneys with the fat that is on them at the loins, and the appendage of the liver, which you shall remove with the kidneys. ¹⁶ Then the priest shall turn these into smoke on the altar as a food offering by fire^[o] for a pleasing odor.

“All fat is the Lord’s.^{(AE) 17} It shall be a perpetual statute throughout your generations, in all your settlements: you must not eat any fat or any blood.”^(AF)

Purification Offerings

4 The Lord spoke to Moses, saying, ² “Speak to the Israelites, saying: When anyone sins unintentionally in any of the Lord’s commandments about things not to be done and does any one of them:^(AG)

³ “If it is the anointed priest who sins, thus bringing guilt on the people, he shall offer for the sin that he has committed a bull of the herd as a purification offering to the Lord.^{(AH) 4} He shall bring the bull to the entrance of the tent of meeting before the Lord and lay his hand on the head of the bull; the bull shall be slaughtered before the Lord.^{(AI) 5} The anointed priest shall take some of the blood of the bull and bring it into the tent of meeting.^{(AJ) 6} The priest shall dip his finger in the blood and sprinkle some of the blood seven times before the Lord in front of the curtain of the sanctuary. ⁷ The priest shall put some of the blood on the horns of the altar of fragrant incense that is in the tent of meeting before the Lord, and the rest of the blood of the bull he shall pour out at the base of the altar of burnt offering, which is at the entrance of the tent of meeting.^{(AK) 8} He shall remove all the fat from the bull of purification offering: the fat that covers the entrails and all the fat that is around the entrails,^{(AL) 9} the two kidneys with the fat that is on them at the loins, and the lobe of the liver, which he shall remove with the kidneys, ¹⁰ just as these are removed from the ox of the sacrifice of well-being. The priest shall turn them into smoke upon the altar of burnt offering. ¹¹ But the skin of the bull and all its flesh, as well as its head, its legs, its entrails, and its dung— ¹² all the rest of the bull—he shall carry out to a clean place outside the camp, to the ash heap, and shall burn it on a wood fire; at the ash heap it shall be burned.^(AM)

¹³ “If the whole congregation of Israel errs unintentionally, and the matter escapes the notice of the assembly, and they do any one of the things that by the Lord’s commandments ought not to be done and incur guilt,^{(AN) 14} when the sin that they have committed becomes known, the assembly shall offer a bull of the herd for a purification offering and bring it before the tent of meeting.^{(AO) 15} The elders of the congregation shall lay their hands on the head of the bull before the Lord, and the bull shall be slaughtered before the Lord.^{(AP) 16} The anointed priest shall bring some of the blood of the bull into the tent of meeting, ¹⁷ and the priest shall dip his finger in the blood and sprinkle it seven times before the Lord, in front of the curtain.^{(AQ) 18} He shall put some of the blood on the horns of the altar that is before the Lord in the tent of meeting, and the rest of the blood he shall pour out at the base of the altar of burnt offering that is at the entrance of the tent of meeting. ¹⁹ He shall remove all its fat and turn it into smoke on the altar. ²⁰ He shall do with the bull just as is done with the bull of purification offering; he shall do the same with this. The priest shall make atonement for them, and they shall be forgiven.^{(AR) 21} He shall carry the bull outside the camp and burn it as he burned the first bull; it is the purification offering for the assembly.

²² “When a ruler sins, doing unintentionally any one of all the things that by the commandments of the Lord his God ought not to be done and incurs guilt,^{(AS) 23} once the sin that he has committed is made known to him, he shall bring as his offering a male goat without blemish.^{(AT) 24} He shall lay his hand on the head of the goat; it shall be slaughtered at the spot where the burnt offering is slaughtered before the Lord; it is a purification offering. ²⁵ The priest shall take some of the blood of the purification offering with his finger and put it on the horns of the altar of burnt offering and pour out the rest of its blood at the base of the altar of burnt offering.^{(AU) 26} All its fat he shall turn into smoke on the altar, like the fat of the sacrifice of well-being. Thus the priest shall make atonement on his behalf for his sin, and he shall be forgiven.^(AV)

²⁷ “If anyone of the ordinary people among you sins unintentionally in doing any one of the things that by the Lord’s commandments ought not to be done and incurs guilt,^{(AW) 28} when the sin that you have committed is made known to you, you shall bring a female goat without blemish as your offering, for the sin that you have committed.^{(AX) 29} You shall lay your hand on the head of the purification offering; the purification offering shall be slaughtered at the place of the burnt offering.^{(AY) 30} The priest shall take some of its blood with his finger and put it on the horns of the altar of burnt offering, and he shall pour out the rest of its blood at the base of the altar. ³¹ He shall remove all its fat, as the fat is removed from the sacrifice of well-being, and the priest shall turn it into smoke on the altar for a pleasing odor to the Lord. Thus the priest shall make atonement on your behalf, and you shall be forgiven.

³² “If the offering you bring as a purification offering is a sheep, you shall bring a female without blemish.^{(AZ) 33} You shall lay your hand on the head of the purification offering; it shall be slaughtered as a purification offering at the spot where the burnt offering is slaughtered. ³⁴ The priest shall take some of the blood of the purification offering with his finger and put it on the horns of the altar of burnt offering and pour out the rest of its blood at the base of the altar. ³⁵ You shall remove all its fat, as the fat of the sheep is removed from the sacrifice of well-being, and the priest shall turn it into smoke on the altar, with the offerings by fire^[p] to the Lord. Thus the priest shall make atonement on your behalf for the sin that you have committed, and you shall be forgiven.^(BA)

5 “When any of you sin in that you have heard a public adjuration to testify and, although able to testify as one who has seen or learned of the matter, do not speak up, you are subject to punishment.^{(BB) 2} Or when any of you touch any unclean thing, whether the carcass of an unclean beast or the carcass of unclean livestock or the carcass of an unclean swarming thing, and are unaware of it, you have become unclean and are guilty.^{(BC) 3} Or when you touch human uncleanness—any uncleanness by which one can become unclean—and are unaware of it, when you come to know it, you shall be guilty. ⁴ Or when any of you utter aloud a rash oath for a bad or a good purpose, whatever people utter in an oath and are unaware of it, when you come to know it, you shall in any of these be guilty. ⁵ When you realize your guilt in any of these, you shall confess the sin that you have committed,^{(BD) 6} and you shall bring to the Lord, as your penalty for the sin that you have committed, a female from the flock, a sheep or a goat, as a purification offering, and the priest shall make atonement on your behalf for your sin.

⁷ “But if you cannot afford a sheep, you shall bring to the Lord, as your penalty for the sin that you have committed, two turtledoves or two pigeons, one for a purification offering and the other for a burnt offering.^{(BE) 8} You shall bring them to the priest, who shall offer first the one for the purification offering, wringing its head at the nape without severing it.^{(BF) 9} He shall sprinkle some of the blood of the purification offering on the side of the altar, while the rest of the blood shall be drained out at the base of the altar; it is a purification offering.^{(BG) 10} And the second he shall offer for a burnt offering according to the regulation. Thus the priest shall make atonement on your behalf for the sin that you have committed, and you shall be forgiven.^(BH)

¹¹ “But if you cannot afford two turtledoves or two pigeons, you shall bring as your offering for the sin that you have committed one-tenth of an ephah of choice flour for a purification offering; you shall not put oil on it or lay frankincense on it, for it is a purification offering.^{(BI) 12} You shall bring it to the priest, and the priest shall scoop up a handful of it as its memorial portion and turn this into smoke on the altar, with the offerings by fire^[q] to the Lord; it is a purification offering. ¹³ Thus the priest shall make atonement on your behalf for whichever of these sins you have committed, and you shall be forgiven. As with the grain offering, the rest shall be for the priest.”^(BJ)

Offerings with Restitution

¹⁴ The Lord spoke to Moses, saying, ¹⁵ “When any of you commit a trespass and sin unintentionally against any of the holy things of the Lord, you shall bring, as your guilt offering to the Lord, a ram without blemish from the flock, convertible into silver by the sanctuary shekel; it is a guilt offering.^{(BK) 16} And you shall make restitution for the holy thing in which you were remiss and shall add one-fifth to it and give it to the priest. The priest shall make atonement on your behalf with the ram of the guilt offering, and you shall be forgiven.^(BL)

¹⁷ “If any of you sin without knowing it, doing any of the things that by the Lord’s commandments ought not to be done, you have incurred guilt and are subject to punishment.^{(BM) 18} You shall bring to the priest a ram without blemish from the flock, or the equivalent, as a guilt offering, and the priest shall make atonement on your behalf for the error that you committed unintentionally, and you shall be forgiven.^{(BN) 19} It is a guilt offering; you have incurred guilt before the Lord.”

6 ^[r]The Lord spoke to Moses, saying, ² “When any of you sin and commit a trespass against the Lord by deceiving a neighbor in a matter of a deposit or a pledge or by robbery or if you have defrauded a neighbor^{(BO) 3} or have found something lost and lied about it—if you swear falsely regarding any of the various things that one may do and sin^(BP)— ⁴ when you have sinned and recognize your guilt and would restore what you took by robbery or by fraud or the deposit that was committed to you or the lost thing that you found ⁵ or anything else about which you have sworn falsely, you shall repay the principal amount and add one-fifth to it. You shall pay it to its owner when you recognize your guilt.^{(BQ) 6} And you shall bring to the priest, as your guilt offering to the Lord, a ram without blemish from the flock, or its equivalent, for a guilt offering.^{(BR) 7} The priest shall make atonement on your behalf before the Lord, and you shall be forgiven for any of the things that one may do and incur guilt thereby.”^(BS)

Instructions concerning Sacrifices

^8 [s]The Lord spoke to Moses, saying, ⁹ “Command Aaron and his sons: This is the rule of the burnt offering. The burnt offering itself shall remain on the hearth upon the altar all night until the morning, while the fire on the altar shall be kept burning. ¹⁰ The priest shall put on his linen vestments after putting on his linen undergarments next to his body, and he shall take up the ashes to which the fire has reduced the burnt offering on the altar and place them beside the altar.^{(BT) 11} Then he shall take off his vestments and put on other garments and carry the ashes out to a clean place outside the camp. ¹² The fire on the altar shall be kept burning; it shall not go out. Every morning the priest shall add wood to it, lay out the burnt offering on it, and turn into smoke the fat pieces of the offerings of well-being. ¹³ A perpetual fire shall be kept burning on the altar; it shall not go out.

¹⁴ “This is the rule of the grain offering: The sons of Aaron shall offer it before the Lord, in front of the altar.^{(BU) 15} They shall take from it a handful of the choice flour and oil of the grain offering, with all the frankincense that is on the offering, and they shall turn its memorial portion into smoke on the altar as a pleasing odor to the Lord. ¹⁶ Aaron and his sons shall eat what is left of it; it shall be eaten as unleavened cakes in a holy place; in the court of the tent of meeting they shall eat it.^{(BV) 17} It shall not be baked with leaven. I have given it as their portion of my offerings by fire;^[t] it is most holy, like the purification offering and the guilt offering.^{(BW) 18} Every male among the descendants of Aaron shall eat of it, as their perpetual due throughout your generations, from the Lord’s offerings by fire;^[u] anything that touches them shall become holy.”^(BX)

¹⁹ The Lord spoke to Moses, saying, ²⁰ “This is the offering that Aaron and his sons shall offer to the Lord on the day when he is anointed: one-tenth of an ephah of choice flour as a regular grain offering, half of it in the morning and half in the evening.^{(BY) 21} It shall be made with oil on a griddle; you shall bring it well soaked, as a grain offering of baked^[v] pieces, and you shall present it as a pleasing odor to the Lord.^{(BZ) 22} And so the priest, anointed from among Aaron’s descendants as a successor, shall prepare it; it is the Lord’s—a perpetual due—to be turned entirely into smoke. ²³ Every grain offering of a priest shall be wholly burned; it shall not be eaten.”

²⁴ The Lord spoke to Moses, saying, ²⁵ “Speak to Aaron and his sons, saying: This is the rule of the purification offering. The purification offering shall be slaughtered before the Lord at the spot where the burnt offering is slaughtered; it is most holy.^{(CA) 26} The priest who offers it as a purification offering shall eat of it; it shall be eaten in a holy place, in the court of the tent of meeting.^{(CB) 27} Whatever touches its flesh shall become holy, and when any of its blood is spattered on a garment, you shall wash the bespattered part in a holy place.^{(CC) 28} A clay vessel in which it was boiled shall be broken, but if it is boiled in a bronze vessel, that shall be scoured and rinsed in water.^{(CD) 29} Every male among the priests shall eat of it; it is most holy.^{(CE) 30} But no purification offering shall be eaten from which any blood is brought into the tent of meeting for atonement in the holy place; it shall be burned with fire.^(CF)

7 “This is the rule of the guilt offering; it is most holy.^{(CG) 2} At the spot where the burnt offering is slaughtered, they shall slaughter the guilt offering, and its blood shall be dashed against all sides of the altar.^{(CH) 3} All its fat shall be offered: the fatty tail, the fat that covers the entrails, ⁴ the two kidneys with the fat that is on them at the loins, and the appendage of the liver, which shall be removed with the kidneys.^{(CI) 5} The priest shall turn them into smoke on the altar as an offering by fire^[w] to the Lord; it is a guilt offering. ⁶ Every male among the priests shall eat of it; it shall be eaten in a holy place; it is most holy.^(CJ)

⁷ “The guilt offering is like the purification offering; the same rule applies to them: the priest who makes atonement with it shall have it.^{(CK) 8} So, too, the priest who offers a burnt offering for anyone shall keep the skin of the burnt offering that he has offered. ⁹ And every grain offering baked in the oven and all that is prepared in a pan or on a griddle shall belong to the priest who offers it.^{(CL) 10} But every other grain offering, mixed with oil or dry, shall belong to all the sons of Aaron equally.

Further Instructions

¹¹ “This is the rule of the sacrifice of well-being that one may offer to the Lord. ¹² If you offer it for thanksgiving, you shall offer with the thank offering unleavened cakes mixed with oil, unleavened wafers spread with oil, and cakes of choice flour well soaked in oil. ¹³ With your thanksgiving sacrifice of well-being you shall bring your offering with cakes of leavened bread. ¹⁴ From this you shall offer one cake from each offering, as a gift to the Lord; it shall belong to the priest who dashes the blood of the offering of well-being.^{(CM) 15} And the flesh of your thanksgiving sacrifice of well-being shall be eaten on the day it is offered; you shall not leave any of it until morning.^{(CN) 16} But if the sacrifice you offer is a votive offering or a freewill offering, it shall be eaten on the day that you offer your sacrifice, and what is left of it shall be eaten the next day,^{(CO) 17} but what is left of the flesh of the sacrifice shall be burned up on the third day. ¹⁸ If any of the flesh of your sacrifice of well-being is eaten on the third day, it shall not be acceptable, nor shall it be credited to the one who offers it; it shall be an abomination, and the one who eats of it shall incur guilt.^(CP)

¹⁹ “Flesh that touches any unclean thing shall not be eaten; it shall be burned up. As for other flesh, all who are clean may eat such flesh. ²⁰ But those who eat flesh from the Lord’s sacrifice of well-being while in a state of uncleanness shall be cut off from their people.^{(CQ) 21} When any one of you touches any unclean thing—human uncleanness or an unclean animal or any unclean creature—and then eats flesh from the Lord’s sacrifice of well-being, you shall be cut off from your people.”^(CR)

²² The Lord spoke to Moses, saying, ²³ “Speak to the Israelites: You shall eat no fat of ox or sheep or goat.^{(CS) 24} The fat of an animal that died or was torn by wild animals may be put to any other use, but you must not eat it. ²⁵ If any one of you eats the fat from an animal of which an offering by fire^[x] may be made to the Lord, you who eat it shall be cut off from your people. ²⁶ You must not eat any blood whatever, either of bird or of animal, in any of your settlements.^{(CT) 27} Any one of you who eats any blood shall be cut off from your people.”

²⁸ The Lord spoke to Moses, saying, ²⁹ “Speak to the Israelites: Any one of you who would offer to the Lord your sacrifice of well-being must yourself bring to the Lord your offering from your sacrifice of well-being.^{(CU) 30} Your own hands shall bring the Lord’s offering by fire;^[y] you shall bring the fat with the breast, so that the breast may be raised as an elevation offering before the Lord. ³¹ The priest shall turn the fat into smoke on the altar, but the breast shall belong to Aaron and his sons.^{(CV) 32} And the right thigh from your sacrifices of well-being you shall give to the priest as an offering; ³³ the one among the sons of Aaron who offers the blood and fat of the offering of well-being shall have the right thigh for a portion. ³⁴ For I have taken the breast of the elevation offering and the thigh that is offered from the Israelites, from their sacrifices of well-being, and have given them to Aaron the priest and to his sons, as a perpetual due from the Israelites.^{(CW) 35} This is the portion allotted to Aaron and to his sons from the offerings made by fire^[z] to the Lord, once they have been brought forward to serve the Lord as priests; ³⁶ these the Lord commanded to be given them, when he anointed them, as a perpetual due from the Israelites throughout their generations.”

³⁷ This is the rule of the burnt offering, the grain offering, the purification offering, the guilt offering, the offering of ordination, and the sacrifice of well-being,^{(CX) 38} which the Lord commanded Moses on Mount Sinai, when he commanded the Israelites to bring their offerings to the Lord, in the wilderness of Sinai.^(CY)

The Rites of Ordination

8 The Lord spoke to Moses, saying, ² “Take Aaron and his sons with him, the vestments, the anointing oil, the bull for the purification offering, the two rams, and the basket of unleavened bread;^{(CZ) 3} and assemble the whole congregation at the entrance of the tent of meeting.” ⁴ And Moses did as the Lord had commanded him. When the congregation was assembled at the entrance of the tent of meeting, ⁵ Moses said to the congregation, “This is what the Lord has commanded to be done.”

⁶ Then Moses brought Aaron and his sons forward and washed them with water.^{(DA) 7} He put the tunic on him, fastened the sash around him, clothed him with the robe, and put the ephod on him. He then put the decorated band of the ephod around him, tying the ephod to him with it. ⁸ He placed the breastpiece on him, and in the breastpiece he put the Urim and the Thummim.^{(DB) 9} And he set the turban on his head, and on the turban, in front, he set the golden ornament, the holy diadem, as the Lord had commanded Moses.^(DC)

¹⁰ Then Moses took the anointing oil and anointed the tabernacle and all that was in it and consecrated them.^{(DD) 11} He sprinkled some of it on the altar seven times and anointed the altar and all its utensils and the basin and its base, to consecrate them. ¹² He poured some of the anointing oil on Aaron’s head and anointed him, to consecrate him.^{(DE) 13} And Moses brought forward Aaron’s sons and clothed them with tunics and fastened sashes around them and tied headdresses on them, as the Lord had commanded Moses.^(DF)

¹⁴ He led forward the bull of purification offering, and Aaron and his sons laid their hands upon the head of the bull for the purification offering,^{(DG) 15} and it was slaughtered. Moses took the blood and with his finger put some on each of the horns of the altar, purifying the altar; then he poured out the blood at the base of the altar. Thus he consecrated it, to make atonement for it.^{(DH) 16} Moses took all the fat that was around the entrails and the appendage of the liver and the two kidneys with their fat and turned them into smoke on the altar.^{(DI) 17} But the bull itself, its skin and flesh and its dung, he burned with fire outside the camp, as the Lord had commanded Moses.^(DJ)

¹⁸ Then he brought forward the ram of burnt offering. Aaron and his sons laid their hands on the head of the ram,^{(DK) 19} and it was slaughtered. Moses dashed the blood against all sides of the altar. ²⁰ The ram was cut into its parts, and Moses turned into smoke the head and the parts and the suet. ²¹ And after the entrails and the legs were washed with water, Moses turned into smoke the rest of the ram on the altar; it was a burnt offering for a pleasing odor, an offering by fire^[aa] to the Lord, as the Lord had commanded Moses.^(DL)

²² Then he brought forward the second ram, the ram of ordination. Aaron and his sons laid their hands on the head of the ram,^{(DM) 23} and it was slaughtered. Moses took some of its blood and put it on the lobe of Aaron’s right ear and on the thumb of his right hand and on the big toe of his right foot. ²⁴ After Aaron’s sons were brought forward, Moses put some of the blood on the lobes of their right ears and on the thumbs of their right hands and on the big toes of their right feet, and Moses dashed the rest of the blood against all sides of the altar. ²⁵ He took the fat—the fatty tail, all the fat that was around the entrails, the appendage of the liver, and the two kidneys with their fat—and the right thigh.^{(DN) 26} From the basket of unleavened bread that was before the Lord, he took one cake of unleavened bread, one cake of bread with oil, and one wafer and placed them on the fat and on the right thigh.^{(DO) 27} He placed all these on the palms of Aaron and on the palms of his sons and raised them as an elevation offering before the Lord. ²⁸ Then Moses took them from their hands and turned them into smoke on the altar with the burnt offering. This was an ordination offering for a pleasing odor, an offering by fire^[ab] to the Lord.^{(DP) 29} Moses took the breast and raised it as an elevation offering before the Lord; it was Moses’s portion of the ram of ordination, as the Lord had commanded Moses.^(DQ)

³⁰ Then Moses took some of the anointing oil and some of the blood that was on the altar and sprinkled them on Aaron and his vestments and also on his sons and their vestments. Thus he consecrated Aaron and his vestments and also his sons and their vestments.^(DR)

³¹ And Moses said to Aaron and his sons, “Boil the flesh at the entrance of the tent of meeting, and eat it there with the bread that is in the basket of ordination offerings, as I was commanded, ‘Aaron and his sons shall eat it,’^{(DS) 32} and what remains of the flesh and the bread you shall burn with fire.^{(DT) 33} You shall not go outside the entrance of the tent of meeting for seven days, until the day when your period of ordination is completed. For it will take seven days to ordain you;^{(DU) 34} as has been done today, the Lord has commanded to be done to make atonement for you.^{(DV) 35} You shall remain at the entrance of the tent of meeting day and night for seven days, keeping the Lord’s charge so that you do not die, for so have I been commanded.” ³⁶ Aaron and his sons did all the things that the Lord had commanded through Moses.

Aaron’s Priesthood Inaugurated

9 On the eighth day Moses summoned Aaron and his sons and the elders of Israel. ² He said to Aaron, “Take a bull calf for a purification offering and a ram for a burnt offering, without blemish, and offer them before the Lord.^{(DW) 3} And say to the Israelites, ‘Take a male goat for a purification offering; a calf and a lamb, yearlings without blemish, for a burnt offering;^{(DX) 4} and an ox and a ram for an offering of well-being to sacrifice before the Lord; and a grain offering mixed with oil. For today the Lord will appear to you.’ ” ⁵ They brought what Moses commanded to the front of the tent of meeting, and the whole congregation drew near and stood before the Lord. ⁶ And Moses said, “This is the thing that the Lord commanded you to do, so that the glory of the Lord may appear to you.”^{(DY) 7} Then Moses said to Aaron, “Draw near to the altar and sacrifice your purification offering and your burnt offering and make atonement for yourself and for the people, and sacrifice the offering of the people and make atonement for them, as the Lord has commanded.”^(DZ)

⁸ Aaron drew near to the altar and slaughtered the calf of the purification offering, which was for himself.^{(EA) 9} The sons of Aaron presented the blood to him, and he dipped his finger in the blood and put it on the horns of the altar, and the rest of the blood he poured out at the base of the altar.^{(EB) 10} But the fat, the kidneys, and the appendage of the liver from the purification offering he turned into smoke on the altar, as the Lord had commanded Moses, ¹¹ and the flesh and the skin he burned with fire outside the camp.^(EC)

¹² Then he slaughtered the burnt offering. Aaron’s sons brought him the blood, and he dashed it against all sides of the altar. ¹³ And they brought him the burnt offering piece by piece and the head, which he turned into smoke on the altar. ¹⁴ He washed the entrails and the legs and, with the burnt offering, turned them into smoke on the altar.

¹⁵ Next he presented the people’s offering. He took the goat of the purification offering that was for the people and slaughtered it and presented it as a purification offering like the first one.^{(ED) 16} He presented the burnt offering and sacrificed it according to regulation.^{(EE) 17} He presented the grain offering, and, taking a handful of it, he turned it into smoke on the altar, in addition to the burnt offering of the morning.^(EF)

¹⁸ He slaughtered the ox and the ram as a sacrifice of well-being for the people. Aaron’s sons brought him the blood, which he dashed against all sides of the altar,^{(EG) 19} and the fat of the ox and of the ram: the fatty tail, the fat that covers the entrails, the two kidneys and the fat on them,^[ac] and the appendage of the liver. ²⁰ They first laid the fat on the breasts, and the fat was turned into smoke on the altar, ²¹ and the breasts and the right thigh Aaron raised as an elevation offering before the Lord, as Moses had commanded.^(EH)

²² Aaron lifted his hands toward the people and blessed them, and he came down after sacrificing the purification offering, the burnt offering, and the offering of well-being. ²³ Moses and Aaron entered the tent of meeting and then came out and blessed the people, and the glory of the Lord appeared to all the people.^{(EI) 24} Fire came out from the Lord and consumed the burnt offering and the fat on the altar, and when all the people saw it, they shouted and fell on their faces.^(EJ)

Nadab and Abihu

10 Now Aaron’s sons Nadab and Abihu each took his censer, put fire in it, and laid incense on it, and they offered unholy fire before the Lord, such as he had not commanded them.^{(EK) 2} And fire came out from the presence of the Lord and consumed them, and they died before the Lord.^{(EL) 3} Then Moses said to Aaron, “This is what the Lord meant when he said,

And Aaron was silent.^(EM)

⁴ Moses summoned Mishael and Elzaphan, sons of Uzziel the uncle of Aaron, and said to them, “Come forward and carry your kinsmen away from the front of the sanctuary to a place outside the camp.”^{(EN) 5} They came forward and carried them by their tunics out of the camp, as Moses had ordered. ⁶ And Moses said to Aaron and to his sons Eleazar and Ithamar, “Do not dishevel your hair and do not tear your vestments, or you will die, and wrath will strike all the congregation; but your kindred, the whole house of Israel, may mourn the burning that the Lord has sent.^{(EO) 7} You shall not go outside the entrance of the tent of meeting, lest you die, for the anointing oil of the Lord is on you.” And they did as Moses had ordered.^(EP)

⁸ And the Lord spoke to Aaron, ⁹ “Drink no wine or strong drink, neither you nor your sons, when you enter the tent of meeting, that you may not die; it is a statute forever throughout your generations.^{(EQ) 10} You are to distinguish between the holy and the common and between the unclean and the clean,^{(ER) 11} and you are to teach the Israelites all the statutes that the Lord has spoken to them through Moses.”^(ES)

¹² Moses spoke to Aaron and to his remaining sons, Eleazar and Ithamar, “Take the grain offering that is left from the Lord’s offerings by fire,^[ad] and eat it unleavened beside the altar, for it is most holy;^{(ET) 13} you shall eat it in a holy place, because it is your due and your sons’ due, from the offerings by fire^[ae] to the Lord, for so I am commanded. ¹⁴ But the breast that is elevated and the thigh that is raised, you and your sons and daughters as well may eat in any clean place, for they have been assigned to you and your children from the sacrifices of well-being of the Israelites.^{(EU) 15} The thigh that is raised and the breast that is elevated they shall bring, together with the offerings by fire^[af] of the fat, to raise for an elevation offering before the Lord; they are to be your due and that of your children forever, as the Lord has commanded.”^(EV)

¹⁶ Then Moses made inquiry about the goat of the purification offering, and it had already been burned! He was angry with Eleazar and Ithamar, Aaron’s remaining sons, and said, ¹⁷ “Why did you not eat the purification offering in the sacred area? For it is most holy, and God^[ag] has given it to you that you may remove the guilt of the congregation, to make atonement on their behalf before the Lord.^{(EW) 18} Its blood was not brought into the inner part of the sanctuary. You should certainly have eaten it in the sanctuary, as I commanded.” ¹⁹ And Aaron spoke to Moses, “See, today they offered their purification offering and their burnt offering before the Lord, and yet such things as these have befallen me! If I had eaten the purification offering today, would it have been agreeable to the Lord?”^{(EX) 20} And when Moses heard that, he agreed.

Clean and Unclean Foods

11 The Lord spoke to Moses and Aaron, saying to them, ² “Speak to the Israelites:

“From among all the land animals, these are the creatures that you may eat.^{(EY) 3} Any animal that has divided hoofs and is cleft-footed and chews the cud—such you may eat. ⁴ But among those that chew the cud or have divided hoofs, you shall not eat the following: the camel, for even though it chews the cud, it does not have divided hoofs; it is unclean for you. ⁵ The rock badger, for even though it chews the cud, it does not have divided hoofs; it is unclean for you. ⁶ The hare, for even though it chews the cud, it does not have divided hoofs; it is unclean for you. ⁷ The pig, for even though it has divided hoofs and is cleft-footed, it does not chew the cud; it is unclean for you.^{(EZ) 8} Of their flesh you shall not eat, and their carcasses you shall not touch; they are unclean for you.^(FA)

⁹ “These you may eat, of all that are in the waters. Everything in the waters that has fins and scales, whether in the seas or in the streams—such you may eat.^{(FB) 10} But anything in the seas or the streams that does not have fins and scales, of the swarming creatures in the waters and among all the other living creatures that are in the waters—they are detestable to you,^{(FC) 11} and detestable they shall remain. Of their flesh you shall not eat, and their carcasses you shall regard as detestable. ¹² Everything in the waters that does not have fins and scales is detestable to you.

¹³ “These you shall regard as detestable among the birds. They shall not be eaten; they are an abomination: the eagle, the vulture, the osprey, ¹⁴ the buzzard, the kite of any kind; ¹⁵ every raven of any kind; ¹⁶ the ostrich, the nighthawk, the sea gull, the hawk of any kind; ¹⁷ the little owl, the cormorant, the great owl, ¹⁸ the water hen, the desert owl,^[ah] the carrion vulture, ¹⁹ the stork, the heron of any kind, the hoopoe, and the bat.^[ai]

²⁰ “All winged insects that walk upon all fours are detestable to you. ²¹ But among the winged insects that walk on all fours you may eat those that have jointed legs above their feet, with which to leap on the ground. ²² Of them you may eat: locusts of every kind, bald locusts of every kind, crickets of every kind, and grasshoppers of every kind.^{(FD) 23} But all other winged insects that have four feet are detestable to you.

Unclean Animals

²⁴ “By these you shall become unclean; whoever touches the carcass of any of them shall be unclean until the evening, ²⁵ and whoever carries any part of the carcass of any of them shall wash his clothes and be unclean until the evening.^{(FE) 26} Every animal that has divided hoofs but is not cleft-footed or does not chew the cud is unclean for you; everyone who touches one of them shall be unclean. ²⁷ All that walk on their paws, among the animals that walk on all fours, are unclean for you; whoever touches the carcass of any of them shall be unclean until the evening, ²⁸ and the one who carries the carcass shall wash his clothes and be unclean until the evening; they are unclean for you.

²⁹ “These are unclean for you among the creatures that swarm upon the earth: the weasel, the mouse, lizards of every kind,^{(FF) 30} the gecko, the land crocodile, the lizard, the sand lizard, and the chameleon. ³¹ These are unclean for you among all that swarm; whoever touches one of them when they are dead shall be unclean until the evening. ³² And anything upon which any of them falls when they are dead shall be unclean, whether an article of wood or cloth or leather or sackcloth, any article that is used for any purpose; it shall be dipped in water, and it shall be unclean until the evening, and then it shall be clean.^{(FG) 33} And if any of them falls into any clay vessel, all that is in it shall be unclean, and you shall break the vessel.^{(FH) 34} Any food that could be eaten shall be unclean if water from any such vessel comes upon it, and any liquid that could be drunk shall be unclean if it was in any such vessel. ³⁵ Everything on which any part of the carcass falls shall be unclean; whether an oven or stove, it shall be broken in pieces; they are unclean and shall remain unclean for you. ³⁶ But a spring or a cistern holding water shall be clean, while whatever touches the carcass in it shall be unclean. ³⁷ If any part of their carcass falls upon any seed set aside for sowing, it is clean, ³⁸ but if water is put on the seed and any part of their carcass falls on it, it is unclean for you.

³⁹ “If an animal of which you may eat dies, anyone who touches its carcass shall be unclean until the evening. ⁴⁰ Those who eat of its carcass shall wash their clothes and be unclean until the evening, and those who carry the carcass shall wash their clothes and be unclean until the evening.^(FI)

⁴¹ “All creatures that swarm upon the earth are detestable; they shall not be eaten.^{(FJ) 42} Whatever moves on its belly and whatever moves on all fours or whatever has many feet, all the creatures that swarm upon the earth you shall not eat, for they are detestable. ⁴³ You shall not make yourselves detestable with any creature that swarms; you shall not defile yourselves with them and so become unclean.^{(FK) 44} For I am the Lord your God; sanctify yourselves, therefore, and be holy, for I am holy. You shall not defile yourselves with any swarming creature that moves on the earth.^{(FL) 45} For I am the Lord who brought you up from the land of Egypt, to be your God; you shall be holy, for I am holy.^(FM)

⁴⁶ “This is the law pertaining to land animal and bird and every living creature that moves through the waters and every creature that swarms upon the earth, ⁴⁷ to make a distinction between the unclean and the clean and between the living creature that may be eaten and the living creature that may not be eaten.”^(FN)

Purification of Women after Childbirth

12 The Lord spoke to Moses, saying, ² “Speak to the Israelites, saying:

“If a woman conceives and bears a male child, she shall be unclean seven days; as at the time of her menstruation, she shall be unclean.^{(FO) 3} On the eighth day the flesh of his foreskin shall be circumcised.^{(FP) 4} Her time of blood purification shall be thirty-three days; she shall not touch any holy thing or come into the sanctuary until the days of her purification are completed. ⁵ If she bears a female child, she shall be unclean two weeks, as in her menstruation; her time of blood purification shall be sixty-six days.

⁶ “When the days of her purification are completed, whether for a son or for a daughter, she shall bring to the priest at the entrance of the tent of meeting a lamb in its first year for a burnt offering and a pigeon or a turtledove for a purification offering.^{(FQ) 7} He shall offer it before the Lord and make atonement on her behalf; then she shall be clean from her flow of blood. This is the law for her who bears a child, male or female. ⁸ If she cannot afford a sheep, she shall take two turtledoves or two pigeons, one for a burnt offering and the other for a purification offering, and the priest shall make atonement on her behalf, and she shall be clean.”^(FR)

Skin Disease, Varieties and Symptoms

13 The Lord spoke to Moses and Aaron, saying:

² “When a person has on the skin of his body a swelling^[aj] or an eruption or a spot and it turns into a defiling disease on the skin of his body, he shall be brought to Aaron the priest or to one of his sons the priests.^{(FS) 3} The priest shall examine the disease on the skin of his body, and if the hair in the diseased area has turned white and the disease appears to be deeper than the skin of his body, it is a defiling disease; after the priest has examined him he shall pronounce him unclean. ⁴ But if the spot is white in the skin of his body and appears no deeper than the skin and the hair in it has not turned white, the priest shall confine the diseased person for seven days.^{(FT) 5} The priest shall examine him on the seventh day, and if he sees that the disease is checked and the disease has not spread in the skin, then the priest shall confine him seven days more. ⁶ The priest shall examine him again on the seventh day, and if the disease has abated and the disease has not spread in the skin, the priest shall pronounce him clean; it is only an eruption, and he shall wash his clothes and be clean.^{(FU) 7} But if the eruption spreads in the skin after he has shown himself to the priest for his cleansing, he shall appear again before the priest.^{(FV) 8} The priest shall make an examination, and if the eruption has spread in the skin, the priest shall pronounce him unclean; it is defiling.

⁹ “When a person contracts a defiling skin disease, he shall be brought to the priest. ¹⁰ The priest shall make an examination, and if there is a white swelling^[ak] in the skin that has turned the hair white and there is a patch of raw flesh in the swelling,^{[al](FW) 11} it is a chronic defiling disease in the skin of his body. The priest shall pronounce him unclean; he shall not confine him, for he is unclean. ¹² But if the defiling disease breaks out in the skin so that it covers all the skin of the diseased person from head to foot, so far as the priest can see, ¹³ then the priest shall make an examination, and if the defiling disease has covered all his body, he shall pronounce him clean of the disease; since it has all turned white, he is clean. ¹⁴ But if raw flesh ever appears on him, he shall be unclean; ¹⁵ the priest shall examine the raw flesh and pronounce him unclean. Raw flesh is unclean; it is defiling.^{(FX) 16} But if the raw flesh again turns white, he shall come to the priest;^{(FY) 17} the priest shall examine him, and if the disease has turned white, the priest shall pronounce the diseased person clean. He is clean.

¹⁸ “When there is on the skin of one’s body a boil that has healed,^{(FZ) 19} and in the place of the boil there appears a white swelling^[am] or a reddish-white spot, it shall be shown to the priest.^{(GA) 20} The priest shall make an examination, and if it appears deeper than the skin and its hair has turned white, the priest shall pronounce him unclean; this is a defiling disease, broken out in the boil. ²¹ But if the priest examines it and the hair on it is not white nor is it deeper than the skin but has abated, the priest shall confine him seven days.^{(GB) 22} If it spreads in the skin, the priest shall pronounce him unclean; it is diseased. ²³ But if the spot remains in one place and does not spread, it is the scar of the boil; the priest shall pronounce him clean.

²⁴ “Or when the body has a burn on the skin and the patch of the burn becomes a spot, reddish-white or white, ²⁵ the priest shall examine it. If the hair in the spot has turned white and appears deeper than the skin, it is defiling; it has broken out in the burn, and the priest shall pronounce him unclean. This is a defiling disease.^{(GC) 26} But if the priest examines it and the hair in the spot is not white and it is no deeper than the skin but has abated, the priest shall confine him seven days. ²⁷ The priest shall examine him the seventh day; if it is spreading in the skin, the priest shall pronounce him unclean. This is a defiling disease.^{(GD) 28} But if the spot remains in one place and does not spread in the skin but has abated, it is a swelling^[an] from the burn, and the priest shall pronounce him clean, for it is the scar of the burn.

²⁹ “When a man or a woman has a disease on the head or in the beard,^{(GE) 30} the priest shall examine the disease. If it appears deeper than the skin and the hair in it is yellow and thin, the priest shall pronounce him unclean; it is an itch, a defiling disease of the head or the beard. ³¹ If the priest examines the itching disease, and it appears no deeper than the skin and there is no black hair in it, the priest shall confine the person with the itching disease for seven days. ³² On the seventh day the priest shall examine the itch; if the itch has not spread and there is no yellow hair in it and the itch appears to be no deeper than the skin,^{(GF) 33} he shall shave, but the itch he shall not shave. The priest shall confine the person with the itch for seven days more. ³⁴ On the seventh day the priest shall examine the itch; if the itch has not spread in the skin and it appears to be no deeper than the skin, the priest shall pronounce him clean. He shall wash his clothes and be clean.^{(GG) 35} But if the itch spreads in the skin after he was pronounced clean, ³⁶ the priest shall examine him. If the itch has spread in the skin, the priest need not seek for the yellow hair; he is unclean.^{(GH) 37} But if in his eyes the itch is checked and black hair has grown in it, the itch is healed; he is clean, and the priest shall pronounce him clean.

³⁸ “When a man or a woman has spots on the skin of the body, white spots, ³⁹ the priest shall make an examination, and if the spots on the skin of the body are of a dull white, it is a rash that has broken out on the skin; he is clean.

⁴⁰ “If anyone loses the hair from his head, he is bald, but he is clean.^{(GI) 41} If he loses the hair from his forehead and temples, he has baldness of the forehead, but he is clean. ⁴² But if there is on the bald head or the bald forehead a reddish-white diseased spot, it is a defiling disease breaking out on his bald head or his bald forehead. ⁴³ The priest shall examine him; if the diseased swelling^[ao] is reddish-white on his bald head or on his bald forehead, which resembles a defiling disease in the skin of the body, ⁴⁴ he is defiled; he is unclean. The priest shall pronounce him unclean; the disease is on his head.^(GJ)

⁴⁵ “The person who has the defiling disease shall wear torn clothes and let the hair of his head be disheveled, and he shall cover his upper lip and cry out, ‘Unclean, unclean.’ ⁴⁶ He shall remain unclean as long as he has the disease; he is unclean. He shall live alone; his dwelling shall be outside the camp.^(GK)

⁴⁷ “Concerning clothing: when a defiling disease appears in it, in woolen or linen cloth, ⁴⁸ in warp or woof of linen or wool or in a skin or in anything made of skin, ⁴⁹ if the disease shows greenish or reddish in the garment, whether in warp or woof or in skin or in anything made of skin, it is a defiling disease and shall be shown to the priest. ⁵⁰ The priest shall examine the disease and put the diseased article aside for seven days. ⁵¹ He shall examine the disease on the seventh day. If the disease has spread in the cloth, in warp or woof, or in the skin, whatever be the use of the skin, this is a spreading defiling disease; it is unclean.^{(GL) 52} He shall burn the clothing, whether diseased in warp or woof, woolen or linen, or anything of skin, for it is a spreading defiling disease; it shall be burned in fire.^(GM)

⁵³ “If the priest makes an examination and the disease has not spread in the clothing, in warp or woof, or in anything of skin, ⁵⁴ the priest shall command that the diseased article be washed, and he shall put it aside seven days more.^{(GN) 55} The priest shall examine the diseased article after it has been washed. If the diseased spot has not changed color, though the disease has not spread, it is unclean; you shall burn it in fire, whether the worn^[ap] spot is on the inside or on the outside.

⁵⁶ “If the priest makes an examination, and the disease has abated after it is washed, he shall tear the spot out of the cloth, in warp or woof, or out of skin.^{(GO) 57} If it appears again in the garment, in warp or woof, or in anything of skin, it is spreading; you shall burn with fire that in which the disease appears. ⁵⁸ But the cloth, warp or woof, or anything of skin from which the disease disappears when you have washed it shall then be washed a second time, and it shall be clean.

⁵⁹ “This is the rule for a defiling disease in a cloth of wool or linen, either in warp or woof, or in anything of skin, to decide whether it is clean or unclean.”

Purification of the Diseased

14 The Lord spoke to Moses, saying, ² “This shall be the rule for the person with a defiling skin disease at the time of his cleansing:

“He shall be brought to the priest;^{(GP) 3} the priest shall go out of the camp, and the priest shall make an examination. If the disease is healed in the defiled person, ⁴ the priest shall command that two living clean birds and cedarwood and crimson yarn and hyssop be brought for the one who is to be cleansed.^{(GQ) 5} The priest shall command that one of the birds be slaughtered over fresh water in a clay vessel. ⁶ He shall take the living bird with the cedarwood and the crimson yarn and the hyssop and dip them and the living bird in the blood of the bird that was slaughtered over the fresh water. ⁷ He shall sprinkle it seven times upon the one who is to be cleansed of the defiling disease; then he shall pronounce him clean, and he shall let the living bird go into the open field.^{(GR) 8} The one who is to be cleansed shall wash his clothes and shave off all his hair and bathe himself in water, and he shall be clean. After that he shall come into the camp but shall live outside his tent seven days.^{(GS) 9} On the seventh day he shall shave all his hair: of head, beard, eyebrows; he shall shave all his hair. Then he shall wash his clothes and bathe his body in water, and he shall be clean.

¹⁰ “On the eighth day he shall take two male lambs without blemish and one ewe lamb in its first year without blemish and a grain offering of three-tenths of an ephah of choice flour mixed with oil and one log^[aq] of oil.^{(GT) 11} The priest who cleanses shall set the person to be cleansed, along with these things, before the Lord, at the entrance of the tent of meeting. ¹² The priest shall take one of the lambs and offer it as a guilt offering, along with the log^[ar] of oil, and raise them as an elevation offering before the Lord.^{(GU) 13} He shall slaughter the lamb in the place where the purification offering and the burnt offering are slaughtered in the holy place, for the guilt offering, like the purification offering, belongs to the priest; it is most holy.^{(GV) 14} The priest shall take some of the blood of the guilt offering and put it on the lobe of the right ear of the one to be cleansed and on the thumb of the right hand and on the big toe of the right foot.^{(GW) 15} The priest shall take some of the log^[as] of oil and pour it into the palm of his own left hand ¹⁶ and dip his right finger in the oil that is in his left hand and sprinkle some oil with his finger seven times before the Lord. ¹⁷ Some of the oil that remains in his hand the priest shall put on the lobe of the right ear of the one to be cleansed and on the thumb of the right hand and on the big toe of the right foot, on top of the blood of the guilt offering. ¹⁸ The rest of the oil that is in the priest’s hand he shall put on the head of the one to be cleansed. Then the priest shall make atonement on his behalf before the Lord:^{(GX) 19} the priest shall offer the purification offering, to make atonement for the one to be cleansed from his uncleanness. Afterward he shall slaughter the burnt offering,^{(GY) 20} and the priest shall offer the burnt offering and the grain offering on the altar. Thus the priest shall make atonement on his behalf, and he shall be clean.

²¹ “But if he is poor and cannot afford so much, he shall take one male lamb for a guilt offering to be elevated, to make atonement on his behalf, and one-tenth of an ephah of choice flour mixed with oil for a grain offering and a log^[at] of oil,^{(GZ) 22} also two turtledoves or two pigeons, such as he can afford, one for a purification offering and the other for a burnt offering.^{(HA) 23} On the eighth day he shall bring them for his cleansing to the priest, to the entrance of the tent of meeting, before the Lord,^{(HB) 24} and the priest shall take the lamb of the guilt offering and the log^[au] of oil, and the priest shall raise them as an elevation offering before the Lord.^{(HC) 25} The priest shall slaughter the lamb of the guilt offering and shall take some of the blood of the guilt offering and put it on the lobe of the right ear of the one to be cleansed and on the thumb of the right hand and on the big toe of the right foot.^{(HD) 26} The priest shall pour some of the oil into the palm of his own left hand ²⁷ and shall sprinkle with his right finger some of the oil that is in his left hand seven times before the Lord. ²⁸ The priest shall put some of the oil that is in his hand on the lobe of the right ear of the one to be cleansed and on the thumb of the right hand and the big toe of the right foot, where the blood of the guilt offering was placed.^{(HE) 29} The rest of the oil that is in the priest’s hand he shall put on the head of the one to be cleansed, to make atonement on his behalf before the Lord. ³⁰ And he shall offer, of the turtledoves or pigeons, such as he can afford,^{(HF) 31} one^[av] for a purification offering and the other for a burnt offering, along with a grain offering, and the priest shall make atonement before the Lord on behalf of the one being cleansed.^{(HG) 32} This is the rule for the one who has a defiling disease who cannot afford the offerings for his cleansing.”

³³ The Lord spoke to Moses and Aaron, saying:

³⁴ “When you come into the land of Canaan, which I give you for a possession, and I put a defiling disease in a house in the land of your possession,^{(HH) 35} the owner of the house shall come and tell the priest, saying, ‘There seems to me to be some sort of disease in my house.’^{(HI) 36} The priest shall command that they empty the house before the priest goes to examine the disease, or all that is in the house will become unclean, and afterward the priest shall go in to inspect the house. ³⁷ He shall examine the disease; if the disease is in the walls of the house with greenish or reddish spots, and if it appears to be deeper than the surface, ³⁸ the priest shall go outside to the door of the house and shut up the house seven days.^{(HJ) 39} The priest shall come again on the seventh day and make an inspection; if the disease has spread in the walls of the house, ⁴⁰ the priest shall command that the stones in which the disease appears be taken out and thrown into an unclean place outside the city.^{(HK) 41} He shall have the inside of the house scraped thoroughly, and the plaster that is scraped off shall be dumped in an unclean place outside the city. ⁴² They shall take other stones and put them in the place of those stones and take other plaster and plaster the house.

⁴³ “If the disease breaks out again in the house, after he has taken out the stones and scraped the house and plastered it, ⁴⁴ the priest shall go and make inspection; if the disease has spread in the house, it is a spreading defiling disease in the house; it is unclean.^{(HL) 45} He shall have the house torn down, its stones and timber and all the plaster of the house, and taken outside the city to an unclean place. ⁴⁶ All who enter the house while it is shut up shall be unclean until the evening, ⁴⁷ and all who sleep in the house shall wash their clothes, and all who eat in the house shall wash their clothes.

⁴⁸ “If the priest comes and makes an inspection and the disease has not spread in the house after the house was plastered, the priest shall pronounce the house clean; the disease is healed. ⁴⁹ For the cleansing of the house he shall take two birds, with cedarwood and crimson yarn and hyssop,^{(HM) 50} and shall slaughter one of the birds over fresh water in a clay vessel ⁵¹ and shall take the cedarwood and the hyssop and the crimson yarn, along with the living bird, and dip them in the blood of the slaughtered bird and the fresh water and sprinkle the house seven times.^{(HN) 52} Thus he shall cleanse the house with the blood of the bird, and with the fresh water, and with the living bird, and with the cedarwood and hyssop and crimson yarn, ⁵³ and he shall let the living bird go out of the city into the open field; so he shall make atonement for the house, and it shall be clean.^(HO)

⁵⁴ “This is the rule for any defiling disease: for an itch,^{(HP) 55} for defiling diseases in clothing and houses, ⁵⁶ and for a swelling^[aw] or an eruption or a spot,^{(HQ) 57} to determine when it is unclean and when it is clean. This is the rule for defiling diseases.”

Concerning Bodily Discharges

15 The Lord spoke to Moses and Aaron, saying, ² “Speak to the Israelites and say to them:

“When any man has a discharge from his member,^[ax] his discharge makes him unclean.^{(HR) 3} The uncleanness of his discharge is this: whether his member^[ay] flows with its discharge or is stopped from discharging, he is unclean during the entire period his member^[az] flows or is stopped from discharging; this is his uncleanness.^{[ba] 4} Every bed on which the one with the discharge lies shall be unclean, and everything on which he sits shall be unclean. ⁵ Anyone who touches his bed shall wash his clothes and bathe in water and be unclean until the evening. ⁶ All who sit on anything on which the one with the discharge has sat shall wash their clothes and bathe in water and be unclean until the evening. ⁷ All who touch the body of the one with the discharge shall wash their clothes and bathe in water and be unclean until the evening.^{(HS) 8} If the one with the discharge spits on persons who are clean, then they shall wash their clothes and bathe in water and be unclean until the evening. ⁹ Any saddle on which the one with the discharge rides shall be unclean. ¹⁰ All who touch anything that was under him shall be unclean until the evening, and all who carry such a thing shall wash their clothes and bathe in water and be unclean until the evening.^{(HT) 11} All those whom the one with the discharge touches without his having rinsed his hands in water shall wash their clothes and bathe in water and be unclean until the evening. ¹² Any clay vessel that the one with the discharge touches shall be broken, and every vessel of wood shall be rinsed in water.^(HU)

¹³ “When the one with a discharge is cleansed of his discharge, he shall count seven days for his cleansing; he shall wash his clothes and bathe his body in fresh water, and he shall be clean.^{(HV) 14} On the eighth day he shall take two turtledoves or two pigeons and come before the Lord to the entrance of the tent of meeting and give them to the priest.^{(HW) 15} The priest shall offer them, one for a purification offering and the other for a burnt offering, and the priest shall make atonement on his behalf before the Lord for his discharge.^(HX)

¹⁶ “If a man has an emission of semen, he shall bathe his whole body in water and be unclean until the evening.^{(HY) 17} Everything made of cloth or of leather on which the semen falls shall be washed with water and be unclean until the evening. ¹⁸ If a man lies with a woman and has an emission of semen, both of them shall bathe in water and be unclean until the evening.^(HZ)

¹⁹ “When a woman has a discharge of blood that is a menstrual discharge from her body, she shall be in her impurity for seven days, and whoever touches her shall be unclean until the evening.^{(IA) 20} Everything upon which she lies during her impurity shall be unclean; everything also upon which she sits shall be unclean. ²¹ Whoever touches her bed shall wash his clothes and bathe in water and be unclean until the evening.^{(IB) 22} Whoever touches anything upon which she sits shall wash his clothes and bathe in water and be unclean until the evening; ²³ whether it is the bed or anything upon which she sits, when he touches it he shall be unclean until the evening. ²⁴ If any man lies with her and her impurity falls on him, he shall be unclean seven days, and every bed on which he lies shall be unclean.^(IC)

²⁵ “If a woman has a discharge of blood for many days, not at the time of her menstrual impurity, or if she has a discharge beyond the time of her menstrual impurity, all the days of the discharge she shall continue in uncleanness; as in the days of her impurity, she shall be unclean.^{(ID) 26} Every bed on which she lies during all the days of her discharge shall be treated as the bed of her impurity, and everything on which she sits shall be unclean, as in the uncleanness of her impurity. ²⁷ Whoever touches these things shall be unclean and shall wash his clothes and bathe in water and be unclean until the evening.^{(IE) 28} If she is cleansed of her discharge, she shall count seven days, and after that she shall be clean. ²⁹ On the eighth day she shall take two turtledoves or two pigeons and bring them to the priest at the entrance of the tent of meeting.^{(IF) 30} The priest shall offer one for a purification offering and the other for a burnt offering, and the priest shall make atonement on her behalf before the Lord for her unclean discharge.

³¹ “Thus you shall keep the Israelites separate from their uncleanness, so that they do not die in their uncleanness by defiling my tabernacle that is in their midst.^(IG)

³² “This is the rule for those who have a discharge: for him who has an emission of semen, becoming unclean thereby;^{(IH) 33} for her who is in the infirmity of her menstrual period; for anyone, male or female, who has a discharge; and for the man who lies with a woman who is unclean.”^(II)

The Day of Atonement

16 The Lord spoke to Moses after the death of the two sons of Aaron, when they drew near before the Lord and died.^{(IJ) 2} The Lord said to Moses:

“Tell your brother Aaron not to come just at any time into the sanctuary inside the curtain before the cover that is upon the ark, or he will die, for I appear in the cloud upon the cover.^{(IK) 3} Thus shall Aaron come into the holy place: with a young bull for a purification offering and a ram for a burnt offering.^{(IL) 4} He shall put on the holy linen tunic and shall have the linen undergarments next to his body, fasten the linen sash, and wear the linen turban; these are the holy vestments. He shall bathe his body in water and then put them on.^{(IM) 5} He shall take from the congregation of the Israelites two male goats for a purification offering and one ram for a burnt offering.^(IN)

⁶ “Aaron shall offer the bull as a purification offering for himself and shall make atonement for himself and for his house.^{(IO) 7} He shall take the two goats and set them before the Lord at the entrance of the tent of meeting, ⁸ and Aaron shall cast lots on the two goats, one lot for the Lord and the other lot for Azazel. ⁹ Aaron shall present the goat on which the lot fell for the Lord and offer it as a purification offering, ¹⁰ but the goat on which the lot fell for Azazel shall be presented alive before the Lord to make atonement over it, that it may be sent away into the wilderness to Azazel.

¹¹ “Aaron shall present the bull as a purification offering for himself and shall make atonement for himself and for his house; he shall slaughter the bull as a purification offering for himself.^{(IP) 12} He shall take a censer full of coals of fire from the altar before the Lord and two handfuls of crushed sweet incense, and he shall bring it inside the curtain^{(IQ) 13} and put the incense on the fire before the Lord, that the cloud of the incense may shroud the cover that is upon the covenant, or he will die.^{(IR) 14} He shall take some of the blood of the bull and sprinkle it with his finger on the front of the cover, and before the cover he shall sprinkle the blood with his finger seven times.^(IS)

¹⁵ “He shall slaughter the goat of the purification offering that is for the people and bring its blood inside the curtain and do with its blood as he did with the blood of the bull, sprinkling it upon the cover and before the cover.^{(IT) 16} Thus he shall make atonement for the sanctuary, because of the uncleannesses of the Israelites and because of their transgressions, all their sins, and so he shall do for the tent of meeting, which remains with them in the midst of their uncleanness.^{(IU) 17} No one shall be in the tent of meeting from the time he enters to make atonement in the sanctuary until he comes out and has made atonement for himself and for his house and for all the assembly of Israel. ¹⁸ Then he shall go out to the altar that is before the Lord and make atonement on its behalf and shall take some of the blood of the bull and of the blood of the goat and put it on each of the horns of the altar.^{(IV) 19} He shall sprinkle some of the blood on it with his finger seven times and cleanse it and sanctify it from the uncleannesses of the Israelites.^(IW)

²⁰ “When he has finished atoning for the holy place and the tent of meeting and the altar, he shall present the live goat. ²¹ Then Aaron shall lay both his hands on the head of the live goat and confess over it all the iniquities of the Israelites, and all their transgressions, all their sins, putting them on the head of the goat and sending it away into the wilderness by means of someone designated for the task.^{[bb](IX) 22} The goat shall bear on itself all their iniquities to a barren region, and the goat shall be set free in the wilderness.^(IY)

²³ “Then Aaron shall enter the tent of meeting and shall take off the linen vestments that he put on when he went into the holy place and shall leave them there.^{(IZ) 24} He shall bathe his body in water in a holy place and put on his vestments; then he shall come out and offer his burnt offering and the burnt offering of the people, making atonement for himself and for the people.^{(JA) 25} The fat of the purification offering he shall turn into smoke on the altar. ²⁶ The one who sets the goat free for Azazel shall wash his clothes and bathe his body in water and afterward may come into the camp. ²⁷ The bull of the purification offering and the goat of the purification offering, whose blood was brought in to make atonement in the holy place, shall be taken outside the camp; their skin and their flesh and their dung shall be consumed in fire.^{(JB) 28} The one who burns them shall wash his clothes and bathe his body in water and afterward may come into the camp.

²⁹ “This shall be a statute to you forever: In the seventh month, on the tenth day of the month, you shall humble yourselves^[bc] and shall do no work, neither the native-born nor the alien who resides among you.^{(JC) 30} For on this day atonement shall be made for you, to cleanse you; from all your sins you shall be clean before the Lord. ³¹ It is a Sabbath of complete rest to you, and you shall humble yourselves;^[bd] it is a statute forever.^{(JD) 32} The priest who is anointed and consecrated as priest in his father’s place shall make atonement, wearing the linen vestments, the holy vestments.^{(JE) 33} He shall make atonement for the sanctuary, and he shall make atonement for the tent of meeting and for the altar, and he shall make atonement for the priests and for all the people of the assembly.^{(JF) 34} This shall be an everlasting statute for you, to make atonement for the Israelites once in the year for all their sins.” And Moses did as the Lord had commanded him.^(JG)