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Jueces 5
Nueva Versión Internacional
Jueces 5
Nueva Versión Internacional
La canción de Débora
5 Aquel día Débora y Barac, hijo de Abinoán, entonaron este canto:
2 «Cuando los príncipes de Israel toman el mando,
cuando el pueblo se ofrece voluntariamente,
¡bendito sea el Señor!
3 »¡Oigan, reyes! ¡Escuchen, gobernantes!
Yo cantaré, cantaré al Señor;
tocaré música al Señor, el Dios de Israel.
4 »Oh Señor, cuando saliste de Seír,
cuando marchaste desde los campos de Edom,
tembló la tierra, fluyeron los cielos,
las nubes derramaron agua.
5 Temblaron las montañas al ver al Señor, el Dios del Sinaí;
al ver al Señor, el Dios de Israel.
6 »En los días de Samgar, hijo de Anat,
en los días de Jael, los viajeros abandonaron los caminos
y se fueron por sendas torcidas.
7 Los campesinos de Israel desaparecieron;
desaparecieron hasta que yo me levanté.
¡Yo, Débora, me levanté como una madre en Israel!
8 Dios eligió nuevos líderes,
cuando la guerra llegó a las puertas de la ciudad,
pero no se veía ni un escudo ni una lanza
entre cuarenta mil hombres de Israel.
9 Mi corazón está con los príncipes de Israel,
con los voluntarios del pueblo.
¡Bendito sea el Señor!
10 »Ustedes, los que montan asnas blancas
y se sientan sobre tapices,
y ustedes, los que andan por el camino,
consideren 11 la voz de los que cantan en los abrevaderos,
donde relatan los actos de justicia del Señor,
los actos de justicia para con sus campesinos en Israel.
»Entonces el pueblo del Señor
descendió a las puertas de la ciudad.
12 ¡Despierta, despierta, Débora!
¡Despierta, despierta, y entona una canción!
¡Levántate, Barac!
Lleva cautivos a tus prisioneros, hijo de Abinoán.
13 »Los sobrevivientes descendieron con los nobles;
el pueblo del Señor vino a mí con los valientes.
14 Algunos venían de Efraín, cuyas raíces estaban en Amalec;
Benjamín estaba con el pueblo que te seguía.
Desde Maquir bajaron capitanes;
desde Zabulón, los que llevan el bastón de mando.
15 Con Débora estaban los príncipes de Isacar;
Isacar estaba con Barac,
y tras él se lanzó hasta el valle.
En los distritos de Rubén
hay grandes resoluciones.
16 ¿Por qué permaneciste entre los corrales
escuchando los silbidos para llamar a los rebaños?
En los distritos de Rubén
hay grandes titubeos.
17 Galaad habitó más allá del Jordán.
Y Dan, ¿por qué se quedó junto a los barcos?
Aser se quedó en la costa del mar;
permaneció en sus ensenadas.
18 El pueblo de Zabulón arriesgó la vida,
como hizo Neftalí en las alturas del campo.
19 »Los reyes llegaron y pelearon;
entonces los reyes de Canaán lucharon en Tanac,
junto a las aguas de Meguido,
pero no se llevaron botín de plata.
20 Desde los cielos lucharon las estrellas,
desde sus senderos lucharon contra Sísara.
21 El torrente Quisón los arrastró;
el torrente antiguo, el torrente Quisón.
¡Marcha, alma mía, con vigor!
22 Resonaron entonces los cascos equinos;
¡galopan, galopan sus briosos corceles!
23 “Maldice a Meroz —dijo el ángel del Señor—.
Maldice a sus habitantes con dureza,
porque no vinieron en ayuda del Señor,
en ayuda del Señor y de sus valientes”.
24 »¡Sea Jael, esposa de Héber el quenita,
la más bendita entre las mujeres,
la más bendita entre las mujeres que habitan en tiendas de campaña!
25 Sísara pidió agua, Jael le dio leche;
en taza de nobles le ofreció natas.
26 Su mano izquierda tomó la estaca;
su mano derecha, el mazo de trabajo.
Golpeó a Sísara, le machacó la cabeza
y lo remató atravesándole las sienes.
27 A los pies de ella se desplomó;
allí cayó y quedó tendido.
Cayó desplomado a sus pies;
allí donde cayó, quedó muerto.
28 »Por la ventana se asoma la madre de Sísara;
tras la celosía clama a gritos:
“¿Por qué se demora su carro en venir?
¿Por qué se atrasa el estruendo de sus carros?”.
29 Las más sabias de sus damas le responden,
y ella se repite a sí misma:
30 “Seguramente se están repartiendo el botín arrebatado al enemigo:
una muchacha o dos para cada guerrero;
telas de colores como botín para Sísara;
una tela, dos telas, de colores bordadas para mi cuello.
¡Todo esto como botín!”.
31 »¡Así perezcan todos tus enemigos, oh Señor!
Pero los que te aman sean como el sol
cuando sale en todo su esplendor».
Entonces el país tuvo paz durante cuarenta años.
Jueces 5
Reina-Valera 1995
Jueces 5
Reina-Valera 1995
Cántico de Débora y Barac
5 Aquel día, Débora y Barac hijo de Abinoam cantaron así:
2 «Por haberse puesto al frente los caudillos en Israel,
por haberse ofrecido voluntariamente el pueblo,
load a Jehová.
3 ¡Oíd, reyes! ¡Escuchad, príncipes!
Yo cantaré a Jehová,
cantaré salmos a Jehová, el Dios de Israel.
4 »Cuando saliste de Seir, Jehová,
cuando te marchaste de los campos de Edom,
la tierra tembló, se estremecieron los cielos
y las nubes gotearon aguas.
5 Los montes temblaron delante de Jehová,
tembló el Sinaí delante de Jehová, Dios de Israel.
6 En los días de Samgar hijo de Anat,
en los días de Jael, quedaron abandonados los caminos,
y los que andaban por las sendas se apartaron por senderos torcidos.
7 Las aldeas quedaron abandonadas en Israel,
habían decaído,
hasta que yo, Débora, me levanté,
me levanté como madre en Israel.
8 »Cuando escogían nuevos dioses,
la guerra estaba a las puertas;
¿se veía escudo o lanza
entre cuarenta mil en Israel?
9 »Mi corazón es para vosotros, jefes de Israel,
para los que voluntariamente os ofrecisteis entre el pueblo.
¡Load a Jehová!
10 »Vosotros, los que cabalgáis en asnas blancas,
los que presidís en juicio,
y vosotros, los que viajáis, hablad.
11 Lejos del ruido de los arqueros, en los abrevaderos,
allí se contarán los triunfos de Jehová,
los triunfos de sus aldeas en Israel;
entonces marchará hacia las puertas
el pueblo de Jehová.
12 »Despierta, despierta, Débora.
Despierta, despierta, entona un cántico.
Levántate, Barac, y lleva tus cautivos,
hijo de Abinoam.
13 »Entonces marchó el resto de los nobles;
el pueblo de Jehová marchó por él
en contra de los poderosos.
14 De Efraín vinieron los que habitaban en Amalec,
en pos de ti, Benjamín, entre tus pueblos.
De Maquir descendieron príncipes,
y de Zabulón los que tenían vara de mando.
15 También los caudillos de Isacar fueron con Débora;
sí, como Barac, también Isacar
se precipitó a pie en el valle.
Entre las familias de Rubén
se tomaron grandes decisiones.
16 ¿Por qué se quedaron entre los rediles,
oyendo los balidos de los rebaños?
¡Entre las familias de Rubén
se hicieron grandes propósitos!
17 »Galaad se quedó al otro lado del Jordán,
y Dan, ¿por qué se detuvo junto a las naves?
Se quedó Aser a la ribera del mar
y permaneció en sus puertos.
18 El pueblo de Zabulón expuso su vida a la muerte,
como Neftalí en las alturas de los montes.
19 »Vinieron reyes y pelearon;
los reyes de Canaán pelearon entonces
en Taanac, junto a las aguas de Meguido,
mas no obtuvieron ganancia alguna de dinero.
20 Desde los cielos pelearon las estrellas,
desde sus órbitas pelearon contra Sísara.
21 Los barrió el torrente Cisón,
el antiguo torrente, el torrente Cisón.
¡Marcha, alma mía, con poder!
22 »Entonces resonaron los cascos de los caballos
por el galopar, por el galopar de sus valientes.
23 “¡Maldecid a Meroz!”, dijo el ángel de Jehová,
“maldecid severamente a sus moradores”,
porque no vinieron en ayuda de Jehová,
en ayuda de Jehová contra los fuertes.
24 »Bendita sea entre las mujeres Jael,
mujer de Heber, el ceneo;
entre las mujeres, bendita sea en la tienda.
25 Él pidió agua y ella le dio leche;
en tazón de nobles le presentó crema.
26 Tendió su mano a la estaca,
su diestra al mazo de los trabajadores,
y golpeó a Sísara: Hirió su cabeza,
le horadó y atravesó sus sienes.
27 Cayó encorvado a sus pies, quedó tendido;
a sus pies cayó encorvado;
donde se encorvó, allí cayó muerto.
28 »La madre de Sísara se asoma a la ventana,
y por entre las celosías dice a voces:
“¿Por qué tarda su carro en venir?
¿Por qué las ruedas de sus carros se detienen?”
29 Las más avisadas de sus damas le respondían,
y aun ella se respondía a sí misma:
30 “¿No será que han hallado botín y lo están repartiendo?
A cada uno, una doncella o dos;
las vestiduras de colores para Sísara,
las vestiduras bordadas de colores;
la ropa de color bordada por ambos lados,
para los jefes de los que tomaron el botín.”
31 Así perezcan todos tus enemigos, Jehová;
mas brillen los que te aman,
como el sol cuando sale en su esplendor.»
Y hubo paz en la tierra durante cuarenta años.
Judges 5
King James Version
Judges 5
King James Version
5 Then sang Deborah and Barak the son of Abinoam on that day, saying,
2 Praise ye the Lord for the avenging of Israel, when the people willingly offered themselves.
3 Hear, O ye kings; give ear, O ye princes; I, even I, will sing unto the Lord; I will sing praise to the Lord God of Israel.
4 Lord, when thou wentest out of Seir, when thou marchedst out of the field of Edom, the earth trembled, and the heavens dropped, the clouds also dropped water.
5 The mountains melted from before the Lord, even that Sinai from before the Lord God of Israel.
6 In the days of Shamgar the son of Anath, in the days of Jael, the highways were unoccupied, and the travellers walked through byways.
7 The inhabitants of the villages ceased, they ceased in Israel, until that I Deborah arose, that I arose a mother in Israel.
8 They chose new gods; then was war in the gates: was there a shield or spear seen among forty thousand in Israel?
9 My heart is toward the governors of Israel, that offered themselves willingly among the people. Bless ye the Lord.
10 Speak, ye that ride on white asses, ye that sit in judgment, and walk by the way.
11 They that are delivered from the noise of archers in the places of drawing water, there shall they rehearse the righteous acts of the Lord, even the righteous acts toward the inhabitants of his villages in Israel: then shall the people of the Lord go down to the gates.
12 Awake, awake, Deborah: awake, awake, utter a song: arise, Barak, and lead thy captivity captive, thou son of Abinoam.
13 Then he made him that remaineth have dominion over the nobles among the people: the Lord made me have dominion over the mighty.
14 Out of Ephraim was there a root of them against Amalek; after thee, Benjamin, among thy people; out of Machir came down governors, and out of Zebulun they that handle the pen of the writer.
15 And the princes of Issachar were with Deborah; even Issachar, and also Barak: he was sent on foot into the valley. For the divisions of Reuben there were great thoughts of heart.
16 Why abodest thou among the sheepfolds, to hear the bleatings of the flocks? For the divisions of Reuben there were great searchings of heart.
17 Gilead abode beyond Jordan: and why did Dan remain in ships? Asher continued on the sea shore, and abode in his breaches.
18 Zebulun and Naphtali were a people that jeoparded their lives unto the death in the high places of the field.
19 The kings came and fought, then fought the kings of Canaan in Taanach by the waters of Megiddo; they took no gain of money.
20 They fought from heaven; the stars in their courses fought against Sisera.
21 The river of Kishon swept them away, that ancient river, the river Kishon. O my soul, thou hast trodden down strength.
22 Then were the horsehoofs broken by the means of the pransings, the pransings of their mighty ones.
23 Curse ye Meroz, said the angel of the Lord, curse ye bitterly the inhabitants thereof; because they came not to the help of the Lord, to the help of the Lord against the mighty.
24 Blessed above women shall Jael the wife of Heber the Kenite be, blessed shall she be above women in the tent.
25 He asked water, and she gave him milk; she brought forth butter in a lordly dish.
26 She put her hand to the nail, and her right hand to the workmen's hammer; and with the hammer she smote Sisera, she smote off his head, when she had pierced and stricken through his temples.
27 At her feet he bowed, he fell, he lay down: at her feet he bowed, he fell: where he bowed, there he fell down dead.
28 The mother of Sisera looked out at a window, and cried through the lattice, Why is his chariot so long in coming? why tarry the wheels of his chariots?
29 Her wise ladies answered her, yea, she returned answer to herself,
30 Have they not sped? have they not divided the prey; to every man a damsel or two; to Sisera a prey of divers colours, a prey of divers colours of needlework, of divers colours of needlework on both sides, meet for the necks of them that take the spoil?
31 So let all thine enemies perish, O Lord: but let them that love him be as the sun when he goeth forth in his might. And the land had rest forty years.
Judges 5
New English Translation
Judges 5
New English Translation
Celebrating the Victory in Song
5 On that day Deborah and Barak son of Abinoam sang this victory song:[a]
2 “When the leaders took the lead[b] in Israel,
When the people answered the call to war—
Praise the Lord!
3 Hear, O kings!
Pay attention, O rulers!
I will sing to the Lord![c]
I will sing[d] to the Lord God of Israel!
4 O Lord, when you departed[e] from Seir,
when you marched from Edom’s plains,
the earth shook, the heavens poured down,
the clouds poured down rain.[f]
5 The mountains trembled[g] before the Lord, the God of Sinai;[h]
before the Lord God of Israel.
6 In the days of Shamgar son of Anath,
in the days of Jael caravans[i] disappeared;[j]
travelers[k] had to go on winding side roads.
7 Warriors[l] were scarce;[m]
they were scarce in Israel,
until you[n] arose, Deborah,
until you arose as a motherly protector[o] in Israel.
8 God chose new leaders,[p]
then fighters appeared in the city gates;[q]
but, I swear, not a shield or spear could be found[r]
among forty military units[s] in Israel.
9 My heart went out[t] to Israel’s leaders,
to the people who answered the call to war.
Praise the Lord!
10 You who ride on light-colored female donkeys,
who sit on saddle blankets,[u]
you who walk on the road, pay attention!
11 Hear[v] the sound of those who divide the sheep[w] among the watering places;
there they tell of[x] the Lord’s victorious deeds,
the victorious deeds of his warriors[y] in Israel.
Then the Lord’s people went down to the city gates—
12 Wake up, wake up, Deborah!
Wake up, wake up, sing a song!
Get up, Barak!
Capture your prisoners of war,[z] son of Abinoam!
13 Then the survivors[aa] came down[ab] to the mighty ones;[ac]
the Lord’s people came down to me[ad] as[ae] warriors.
14 They came from Ephraim, who uprooted Amalek;[af]
they follow[ag] after you, Benjamin, with your soldiers.
From Makir leaders came down,
from Zebulun came[ah] the ones who march carrying[ai] an officer’s staff.
15 Issachar’s leaders were with Deborah;
the men of Issachar[aj] supported[ak] Barak;
into the valley they were sent under Barak’s command.[al]
Among the clans of Reuben there was intense[am] heart searching.[an]
16 Why do you remain among the sheepfolds,[ao]
listening to the shepherds playing their pipes[ap] for their flocks?[aq]
As for the clans of Reuben—there was intense searching of heart.
17 Gilead stayed put[ar] beyond the Jordan River.
As for Dan—why did he seek temporary employment in the shipyards?[as]
Asher remained[at] on the seacoast;
he stayed[au] by his harbors.[av]
18 The men of Zebulun were not concerned about their lives;[aw]
Naphtali charged onto the battlefields.[ax]
19 Kings came, they fought;
the kings of Canaan fought
at Taanach by the waters of Megiddo,
but[ay] they took no silver as plunder.
20 From the sky[az] the stars[ba] fought,
from their paths in the heavens[bb] they fought against Sisera.
21 The Kishon River carried them off;
the river confronted them[bc]—the Kishon River.
Step on the necks of the strong![bd]
22 The horses’[be] hooves pounded the ground;[bf]
the stallions galloped madly.[bg]
23 ‘Call judgment down on[bh] Meroz,’ says the angel of the Lord;
‘Be sure[bi] to call judgment down on[bj] those who live there,
because they did not come to help in the Lord’s battle,[bk]
to help in the Lord’s battle against the warriors.’[bl]
24 The most rewarded[bm] of women should be Jael,
the wife of Heber the Kenite!
She should be the most rewarded of women who live in tents.
25 He asked for water,
and she gave him milk;
in a bowl fit for a king,[bn]
she served him curds.
26 Her left[bo] hand reached for the tent peg,
her right hand for the workmen’s hammer.
She “hammered”[bp] Sisera,
she shattered his skull,[bq]
she smashed his head,[br]
she drove the tent peg through his temple.[bs]
27 Between her feet he collapsed,
he fell limp and was lifeless;[bt]
between her feet he collapsed and fell,
in the spot where he collapsed,
there he fell—violently killed![bu]
28 Through the window she looked;
Sisera’s mother cried out through the lattice:
‘Why is his chariot so slow to return?
Why are the hoofbeats of his chariot horses[bv] delayed?’
29 The wisest of her ladies[bw] answer;
indeed she even thinks to herself,
30 ‘No doubt they are gathering and dividing the plunder[bx]—
a girl or two for each man to rape![by]
Sisera is grabbing up colorful cloth,[bz]
he is grabbing up colorful embroidered cloth,[ca]
two pieces of colorful embroidered cloth,
for the neck of the plunderer!’[cb]
31 May all your enemies perish like this, O Lord!
But may those who love you shine
like the rising sun at its brightest.”[cc]
And the land had rest for forty years.
Footnotes
- Judges 5:1 tn The words “this victory song” are supplied in the translation for clarification.
- Judges 5:2 tn The meaning of the Hebrew expression בִּפְרֹעַ פְּרָעוֹת (bifroaʿ peraʿot) is uncertain. Numerous proposals are offered by commentators. (For a survey of opinions, see B. Lindars, Judges 1-5, 223-27.) The next line refers to the people who responded to Barak’s summons to war, so a reference to the leaders who issued the summons would provide a natural poetic parallel. In v. 9 the leaders (חוֹקְקֵי, khoqeqe) of the people and these same volunteers stand in poetic parallelism, so it is reasonable to assume that the difficult Hebrew term פְּרַעוֹת (peraʿot, v. 2a) is synonymous with חוֹקְקֵי (khoqeqe) of v. 9 (see Lindars, 227).
- Judges 5:3 tn Heb “I, to the Lord, I, I will sing!” The first singular personal pronoun is used twice, even though a first person finite verbal form is employed.
- Judges 5:3 tn Or “make music.”
- Judges 5:4 tn Or “went out.”
- Judges 5:4 tn Heb “water.”
- Judges 5:5 tn Or “quaked.” The translation assumes the form נָזֹלּוּ (nazollu) from the root זָלַל (zalal, “to quake”; see HALOT 272 s.v. II זלל). The LXX, the Syriac Peshitta, and the Targum also understood the word this way. (See Isa 63:19 and 64:2 for other occurrences of this form.) Some understand here the verb נָזַל (nazal, “to flow [with torrents of rain water]”).
- Judges 5:5 tn Heb “this one of Sinai.” The phrase is a divine title, perhaps indicating that the Lord rules from Sinai.
- Judges 5:6 tc The translation assumes the form אֳרְחוֹת (ʾorekhot, “caravans”) rather than אֳרָחוֹת (ʾorakhot, “roadways”) because it makes a tighter parallel with “travelers” in the next line.
- Judges 5:6 tn Or “ceased.”
- Judges 5:6 tn Heb “Ones walking on paths.”
- Judges 5:7 tn The meaning of the Hebrew noun פְרָזוֹן (ferazon) is uncertain. Some understand the meaning as “leaders” or “those living in rural areas.” The singular noun appears to be collective (note the accompanying plural verb). For various options see B. Lindars, Judges 1-5, 237-38.
- Judges 5:7 tn Or “ceased.”
- Judges 5:7 tn The translation assumes that the verb is an archaic second feminine singular form. Though Deborah is named as one of the composers of the song (v. 1), she is also addressed within it (v. 12). Many take the verb as first person singular, “I arose” (cf. NAB, NASB, NIV).
- Judges 5:7 tn Heb “mother.” The translation assumes that the image portrays Deborah as a protector of the people. It is possible that the metaphor points to her prophetic role. Just as a male prophet could be called “father,” so Deborah, a prophetess, is called “mother” (B. Lindars, Judges 1-5, 239).
- Judges 5:8 tn Or “warriors.” The Hebrew text reads literally, “He chose God/gods new.” Some take “Israel” as the subject of the verb, “gods” as object, and “new” as an adjective modifying “gods.” This yields the translation, “(Israel) chose new gods.” In this case idolatry is the cause of the trouble alluded to in the context. The present translation takes “God” as subject of the verb and “new” as substantival, referring to the new leaders raised up by God (see v. 9a). For a survey of opinions and a defense of the present translation, see B. Lindars, Judges 1-5, 239-40.
- Judges 5:8 tn The translation of this difficult line is speculative because the second word, לָחֶם (lakhem), appears only here. The line in the Hebrew text literally reads, “Then [?] gates.” Interpretations and emendations of the Hebrew text abound (see B. Lindars, Judges 1-5, 239-40). The translation assumes a repointing of the form as a Qal participle לֹחֵם (lokhem) from the verbal root לָחַם (lakham, “fight”) and understands a substantival use (“fighter”). “Fighter” is a collective reference to the military leaders or warriors mentioned in the preceding line and in v. 9. (For other occurrences of the Qal of לָחַם, see Pss 35:1; 56:2-3.)
- Judges 5:8 tn Heb “A shield, it could not be seen, nor a spear.” The translation assumes that the Hebrew particle אִם (ʾim) introduces an oath of denial (see GKC 472 §149.e).
- Judges 5:8 tn Traditionally “forty thousand,” but this may be an instance where Hebrew term אֶלֶף (ʾelef) refers to a military unit. This is the view assumed by the translation (“forty military units”).
- Judges 5:9 tn The words “went out” are supplied in the translation for clarity.
- Judges 5:10 tn The meaning of the Hebrew word מִדִּין (middin, “saddle blankets”) in this context is uncertain.
- Judges 5:11 tn The word “Hear” is supplied in the translation for clarification and for stylistic reasons.
- Judges 5:11 tn The meaning of the Hebrew word is uncertain. Some translate “those who distribute the water” (HALOT 344 s.v. חצץ pi). For other options see B. Lindars, Judges 1-5, 246-47.
- Judges 5:11 tn Or perhaps “repeat.”
- Judges 5:11 tn See the note on the term “warriors” in v. 7.
- Judges 5:12 tn Heb “take captive your captives.” (The Hebrew text uses a cognate accusative here.)
- Judges 5:13 tn This probably refers to those who responded to the call for war. They were “survivors” of the Canaanite oppression (see B. Lindars, Judges 1-5, 250).
- Judges 5:13 tn The translation assumes a repointing of the verb as a perfect or imperfect/preterite form of יָרַד (yarad, “to go down”). The form as pointed in the MT appears to be from רָדָה (radah, “to rule”). See GKC 188 §69.g. The same form, translated “came down,” occurs in the next line as well.
- Judges 5:13 sn The expression mighty ones probably refers to the leaders of the army.
- Judges 5:13 sn The speaker may be Deborah here.
- Judges 5:13 tn The translation assumes the preposition ב (bet) prefixed to “warriors” has the force of “in the capacity of.” For this use of the preposition, see GKC 379 §119.i.
- Judges 5:14 tn Heb “From Ephraim their root in Amalek” (the words “they came” are supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons). Because of the difficulty of the MT, many prefer to follow one of the ancient versions or emend the text. For various proposals see B. Lindars, Judges 1-5, 252-53. The present translation repoints שָׁרְשָׁם (shorsham, traditionally translated “their root”) as a Piel verb form with enclitic mem (ם). The preposition ב (bet) on עֲמָלֵק (ʿamaleq) introduces the object (see Job 31:12 for an example of the construction). Ephraim’s territory encompassed the hill country of the Amalekites (Judg 12:15).
- Judges 5:14 tn The words “They follow” are supplied in the translation for clarification and for stylistic reasons.
- Judges 5:14 tn The word “came” is supplied in the translation for clarification and for stylistic reasons.
- Judges 5:14 tn Or possibly “who carry.”
- Judges 5:15 tn Heb “Issachar.” The words “the men of” are supplied in the translation for clarification.
- Judges 5:15 tn Or “were true to.”
- Judges 5:15 tn Heb “at his feet.”
- Judges 5:15 tn Heb “great was.”
- Judges 5:15 tc The great majority of Hebrew mss have “resolves of heart,” but a few mss read “searchings of heart,” which is preferable in light of v. 16.
- Judges 5:16 tn The meaning of the Hebrew word מִשְׁפְּתַיִם (mishpetayim) is uncertain. Some understand the word to mean “campfires.”
- Judges 5:16 tn Or “whistling.”
- Judges 5:16 tn Heb “listening to the pipe playing for the flocks.”
- Judges 5:17 tn Heb “lived” or “settled down.”sn Apparently the people of Gilead remained on the other side of the river and did not participate in the battle.
- Judges 5:17 tn Heb “Dan, why did he live as a resident alien, ships.” The verb גּוּר (gur) usually refers to taking up residence outside one’s native land. Perhaps the Danites, rather than rallying to Barak, were content to move to the Mediterranean coast and work in the shipyards. For further discussion, see B. Lindars, Judges 1-5, 262.
- Judges 5:17 tn Heb “lived.”
- Judges 5:17 tn Heb “lived” or “settled down.”
- Judges 5:17 tn The meaning of the Hebrew word מִפְרָץ (mifrats) is uncertain, but the parallelism (note “seacoast”) suggests “harbors.”
- Judges 5:18 tn Heb “Zebulun was a people which despised its life even unto death.”
- Judges 5:18 tn Heb “Naphtali was on the heights of the field.”
- Judges 5:19 tn The contrastive conjunction “but” is interpretive.
- Judges 5:20 tn Or “from heaven.” The Hebrew term שָׁמַיִם (shamayim) may be translated “heaven(s)” or “sky” depending on the context.
- Judges 5:20 tn The MT takes “the stars” with what follows rather than with the first colon of v. 20. But for metrical reasons it seems better to move the atnakh (colon divider) and read the colon as indicated in the translation.
- Judges 5:20 tn The words “in the heavens” are not in the Hebrew text, but are supplied for clarity and for stylistic reasons.
- Judges 5:21 tn Possibly “the ancient river,” but it seems preferable in light of the parallel line (which has a verb) to emend the word (attested only here) to a verb (קָדַם, qadam) with pronominal object suffix.
- Judges 5:21 tn This line is traditionally taken as the poet-warrior’s self-exhortation, “March on, my soul, in strength!” The present translation (a) takes the verb (a second feminine singular form) as addressed to Deborah (cf. v. 12), (b) understands נֶפֶשׁ (nefesh) in its well-attested sense of “throat; neck” (cf. Jonah 2:6), (c) takes the final yod (י) on נַפְשִׁי (nafshi) as an archaic construct indicator (rather than a suffix), and (d) interprets עֹז (ʿoz, “strength”) as an attributive genitive (literally, “necks of strength,” i.e., “strong necks”). For fuller discussion and various proposals, see B. Lindars, Judges 1-5, 270-71.
- Judges 5:22 tc The MT as it stands has a singular noun, but if one moves the prefixed mem (מ) from the beginning of the next word to the end of סוּס (sus), the expected plural form is achieved. Another possibility is to understand an error of scribal haplography here, in which case the letter mem should appear in both places.
- Judges 5:22 tn The words “the ground” are not in the Hebrew text, but are supplied in the translation for clarification.
- Judges 5:22 tn Heb “galloped, galloped.” The repetition is for emphasis and is more appropriately indicated in English with an adverb.
- Judges 5:23 tn Heb “Curse Meroz.”
- Judges 5:23 tn Heb “Curse, cursing.” The Hebrew construction is emphatic.
- Judges 5:23 tn Heb “[to] curse.”
- Judges 5:23 tn Heb “to the help of the Lord” (the same Hebrew phrase occurs in the following line). Another option is to read “to aid the Lord’s cause.”
- Judges 5:23 tn Or “along with the other warriors.”
- Judges 5:24 tn Or “blessed.”
- Judges 5:25 tn Or “for mighty ones.”
- Judges 5:26 tn The adjective “left” is interpretive, based on the context. Note that the next line pictures Jael holding the hammer with her right hand.
- Judges 5:26 tn The verb used here is from the same root as the noun “hammer” in the preceding line.
- Judges 5:26 tn Or “head.”
- Judges 5:26 tn The phrase “his head” (an implied direct object) is supplied in the translation for clarification.
- Judges 5:26 tn Heb “she pierced his temple.”
- Judges 5:27 tn Heb “and he lay.
- Judges 5:27 tn Or “dead.”
- Judges 5:28 tn Heb “chariots.”
- Judges 5:29 tn Or “princesses.”
- Judges 5:30 tn Heb “Are they not finding, dividing the plunder?”
- Judges 5:30 tn Heb “a womb or two for each man.” The words “to rape” are interpretive. The Hebrew noun translated “girl” means literally “womb” (BDB 933 s.v. I. רַחַם), but in this context may refer by extension to the female genitalia. In this case the obscene language of Sisera’s mother alludes to the sexual brutality which typified the aftermath of battle.
- Judges 5:30 tn Heb “the plunder of dyed cloth is for Sisera.”
- Judges 5:30 tn Heb “the plunder of embroidered cloth.”
- Judges 5:30 tn The translation assumes an emendation of the noun (“plunder”) to a participle, “plunderer.”
- Judges 5:31 tn Heb “But may those who love him be like the going forth of the sun in its strength.”
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