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Quando tutti i re degli Amorei che erano di là dal Giordano verso occidente e tutti i re dei Cananei che erano presso il mare udirono che il Signore aveva prosciugato le acque del Giordano davanti ai figli d’Israele finché fossero passati, il loro cuore venne meno e non rimase più in loro alcun coraggio di fronte ai figli d’Israele.

Circoncisione della nuova generazione

(A)In quel tempo il Signore disse a Giosuè: «Fatti dei coltelli di pietra e torna di nuovo a circoncidere i figli d’Israele». E Giosuè si fece dei coltelli di pietra e circoncise i figli d’Israele sul colle di Aralot. Questo fu il motivo per cui li circoncise: tutti i maschi del popolo uscito dall’Egitto, cioè tutti gli uomini di guerra, erano morti nel deserto durante il viaggio dopo essere usciti dall’Egitto. Tutto il popolo uscito dall’Egitto era circonciso, ma tutto il popolo nato nel deserto durante il viaggio, dopo l’uscita dall’Egitto, non era stato circonciso. Infatti i figli d’Israele avevano camminato per quarant’anni nel deserto, finché tutta la nazione, cioè tutti gli uomini di guerra che erano usciti dall’Egitto, furono distrutti, perché non avevano ubbidito alla voce del Signore. Il Signore aveva loro giurato che non avrebbe fatto loro vedere il paese che aveva promesso con giuramento ai loro padri di dare a noi: paese dove scorrono il latte e il miele; e sostituì a loro i loro figli. E questi Giosuè circoncise, perché erano incirconcisi, non essendo stati circoncisi durante il viaggio. Quando tutta la nazione fu circoncisa, quelli rimasero al loro posto nell’accampamento, finché fossero guariti.

La Pasqua nella pianura di Gerico

(B)Allora il Signore disse a Giosuè: «Oggi vi ho tolto di dosso[a] l’infamia d’Egitto». E quel luogo fu chiamato Ghilgal[b], nome che dura fino ad oggi. 10 I figli d’Israele si accamparono a Ghilgal e, sulla sera del quattordicesimo giorno del mese, celebrarono la Pasqua nelle pianure di Gerico. 11 L’indomani della Pasqua, in quello stesso giorno, mangiarono i prodotti del paese: pani azzimi e grano arrostito. 12 E la manna cessò l’indomani del giorno in cui mangiarono i prodotti del paese; e i figli d’Israele non ebbero più manna, ma mangiarono, quell’anno stesso, il frutto del paese di Canaan.

Il capo dell’esercito del Signore

13 (C)Mentre Giosuè era presso Gerico, egli alzò gli occhi, guardò, ed ecco un uomo in piedi che gli stava davanti, tenendo in mano la spada sguainata. Giosuè andò verso di lui e gli disse: «Sei tu dei nostri o dei nostri nemici?» 14 E quello rispose: «No, io sono il capo dell’esercito del Signore; arrivo adesso». Allora Giosuè cadde con la faccia a terra, si prostrò e gli disse: «Che cosa vuol dire il mio Signore al suo servo?» 15 Il capo dell’esercito del Signore disse a Giosuè: «Togliti i calzari dai piedi; perché il luogo dove stai è santo». E Giosuè fece così.

Footnotes

  1. Giosué 5:9 Vi ho tolto di dosso, lett. vi ho rotolato di dosso.
  2. Giosué 5:9 Ghilgal, per assonanza col verbo ebr. galal, lett. rotolare.

Now when all the Amorite kings west of the Jordan and all the Canaanite kings along the coast(A) heard how the Lord had dried up the Jordan before the Israelites until they[a] had crossed over, their hearts melted in fear(B) and they no longer had the courage to face the Israelites.

Circumcision and Passover at Gilgal

At that time the Lord said to Joshua, “Make flint knives(C) and circumcise(D) the Israelites again.” So Joshua made flint knives and circumcised the Israelites at Gibeath Haaraloth.[b]

Now this is why he did so: All those who came out of Egypt—all the men of military age(E)—died in the wilderness on the way after leaving Egypt.(F) All the people that came out had been circumcised, but all the people born in the wilderness during the journey from Egypt had not. The Israelites had moved about in the wilderness(G) forty years(H) until all the men who were of military age when they left Egypt had died, since they had not obeyed the Lord. For the Lord had sworn to them that they would not see the land he had solemnly promised their ancestors to give us,(I) a land flowing with milk and honey.(J) So he raised up their sons in their place, and these were the ones Joshua circumcised. They were still uncircumcised because they had not been circumcised on the way. And after the whole nation had been circumcised, they remained where they were in camp until they were healed.(K)

Then the Lord said to Joshua, “Today I have rolled away the reproach of Egypt from you.” So the place has been called Gilgal[c](L) to this day.

10 On the evening of the fourteenth day of the month,(M) while camped at Gilgal on the plains of Jericho, the Israelites celebrated the Passover.(N) 11 The day after the Passover, that very day, they ate some of the produce of the land:(O) unleavened bread(P) and roasted grain.(Q) 12 The manna stopped the day after[d] they ate this food from the land; there was no longer any manna for the Israelites, but that year they ate the produce of Canaan.(R)

The Fall of Jericho

13 Now when Joshua was near Jericho, he looked up and saw a man(S) standing in front of him with a drawn sword(T) in his hand. Joshua went up to him and asked, “Are you for us or for our enemies?”

14 “Neither,” he replied, “but as commander of the army of the Lord I have now come.” Then Joshua fell facedown(U) to the ground(V) in reverence, and asked him, “What message does my Lord[e] have for his servant?”

15 The commander of the Lord’s army replied, “Take off your sandals, for the place where you are standing is holy.”(W) And Joshua did so.

Footnotes

  1. Joshua 5:1 Another textual tradition we
  2. Joshua 5:3 Gibeath Haaraloth means the hill of foreskins.
  3. Joshua 5:9 Gilgal sounds like the Hebrew for roll.
  4. Joshua 5:12 Or the day
  5. Joshua 5:14 Or lord

The Second Generation Circumcised

So it was, when all the kings of the Amorites who were on the west side of the Jordan, and all the kings of the Canaanites (A)who were by the sea, (B)heard that the Lord had dried up the waters of the Jordan from before the children of Israel until [a]we had crossed over, that [b]their heart melted; (C)and there was no spirit in them any longer because of the children of Israel.

At that time the Lord said to Joshua, “Make (D)flint knives for yourself, and circumcise the sons of Israel again the second time.” So Joshua made flint knives for himself, and circumcised the sons of Israel at [c]the hill of the foreskins. And this is the reason why Joshua circumcised them: (E)All the people who came out of Egypt who were males, all the men of war, had died in the wilderness on the way, after they had come out of Egypt. For all the people who came out had been circumcised, but all the people born in the wilderness, on the way as they came out of Egypt, had not been circumcised. For the children of Israel walked (F)forty years in the wilderness, till all the people who were men of war, who came out of Egypt, were [d]consumed, because they did not obey the voice of the Lord—to whom the Lord swore that (G)He would not show them the land which the Lord had sworn to their fathers that He would give us, (H)“a land flowing with milk and honey.” Then Joshua circumcised (I)their sons whom He raised up in their place; for they were uncircumcised, because they had not been circumcised on the way.

So it was, when they had finished circumcising all the people, that they stayed in their places in the camp (J)till they were healed. Then the Lord said to Joshua, “This day I have rolled away (K)the reproach of Egypt from you.” Therefore the name of the place is called (L)Gilgal[e] to this day.

10 Now the children of Israel camped in Gilgal, and kept the Passover (M)on the fourteenth day of the month at twilight on the plains of Jericho. 11 And they ate of the produce of the land on the day after the Passover, unleavened bread and [f]parched grain, on the very same day. 12 Then (N)the manna ceased on the day after they had eaten the produce of the land; and the children of Israel no longer had manna, but they ate the food of the land of Canaan that year.

The Commander of the Army of the Lord

13 And it came to pass, when Joshua was by Jericho, that he lifted his eyes and looked, and behold, (O)a Man stood opposite him (P)with His sword drawn in His hand. And Joshua went to Him and said to Him, “Are You for us or for our adversaries?”

14 So He said, “No, but as Commander of the army of the Lord I have now come.”

And Joshua (Q)fell on his face to the earth and (R)worshiped, and said to Him, “What does my Lord say to His servant?”

15 Then the Commander of the Lord’s army said to Joshua, (S)“Take your sandal off your foot, for the place where you stand is holy.” And Joshua did so.

Footnotes

  1. Joshua 5:1 So with Kt.; Qr., some Heb. mss. and editions, LXX, Syr., Tg., Vg. they
  2. Joshua 5:1 their courage failed
  3. Joshua 5:3 Heb. Gibeath Haaraloth
  4. Joshua 5:6 destroyed
  5. Joshua 5:9 Lit. Rolling
  6. Joshua 5:11 roasted