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men Jesus gik ud til Olivenbjerget.

Lad dem, der er uden synd, kaste den første sten

Tidligt næste morgen vendte han tilbage til templet. Snart var en mængde mennesker samlet, og han satte sig ned for at undervise dem.

En gruppe skriftlærde og farisæere kom nu med en kvinde, der var grebet på fersk gerning i utroskab. De stillede hende foran Jesus og sagde: „Mester! Kvinden her er grebet på fersk gerning i ægteskabsbrud. Toraen siger, at sådanne kvinder skal stenes ihjel.[a] Hvad siger du?” De var ude på at få ham til at sige noget, som de bagefter kunne bruge imod ham, men Jesus bøjede sig forover, som han sad der, og skrev med fingeren i støvet.

Da de blev ved med at presse på med deres spørgsmål, rettede han sig op og sagde: „Den af jer, som er uden synd, skal være den første til at kaste en sten.” Så bøjede han sig igen forover og fortsatte med at skrive på jorden.

Da de, der var kommet med kvinden, fik den besked, luskede de bort, den ene efter den anden—de ældste først. Til sidst var Jesus alene tilbage med kvinden midt i folkemængden. 10 Da rettede han sig op og så sig omkring. „Hvor blev de af?” spurgte han kvinden. „Var der ingen, der fordømte dig?” 11 „Nej, Herre,” svarede hun.

„Det gør jeg heller ikke,” sagde Jesus. „Gå du blot, men synd fra nu af ikke mere.”

Jesus—verdens lys

12 Jesus fortsatte med at tale til folkeskaren: „Jeg er verdens lys. Den, der følger mig, kommer ikke til at vandre i mørket, men får livets lys.”

13 Farisæerne protesterede: „Nu taler du igen om dig selv. Den slags vidneudsagn er ikke gyldige.”

14 Jesus svarede: „Selv om jeg taler om mig selv, er det dog et gyldigt og sandt vidnesbyrd, for jeg ved, hvorfra jeg er kommet, og jeg ved, hvor jeg går hen. Men det ved I ikke. 15 I dømmer mig ud fra jeres menneskelige forudsætninger, men jeg dømmer ingen. 16 Og hvis jeg endelig afsiger en dom, så er min dom gyldig, for jeg er ikke alene om den. Min Far, som sendte mig, står bag mig. 17 Og står der ikke skrevet i den lov, I kender så godt, at når to vidner siger det samme, så er sagen afgjort? 18 Jeg vidner altså om mig selv, og det andet vidne er min Far, som har sendt mig.”

19 „Hvor er din far da henne?” spurgte de.

„I kender hverken mig eller min Far,” svarede Jesus. „Hvis I var klar over, hvem jeg er, ville I også være klar over, hvem min Far er.”

20 Jesus sagde disse ord, mens han sad og underviste ved den store indsamlingsbøsse i templet. Han blev imidlertid ikke arresteret, for ifølge Guds plan var tiden endnu ikke inde til det.

Farisæerne fatter intet

21 Jesus fortsatte: „Jeg går bort, og I vil lede efter mig, men I skal dø i jeres synder. Hvor jeg går hen, kan I ikke komme.”

22 De jødiske ledere udbrød: „Mon han vil begå selvmord, siden han siger, at vi ikke kan komme til det sted, hvor han går hen?”

23 „Jeg kommer ovenfra,” svarede Jesus. „I tilhører denne verden, men det gør jeg ikke. 24 Derfor sagde jeg, at I kommer til at dø i jeres synder. For kun hvis I tror på, at jeg er den, jeg er, kan I undgå at dø i jeres synder.”

25 „Jamen, hvem er du da?” spurgte de.

„Har I slet ikke hørt, hvad jeg har sagt?” udbrød Jesus. 26 „Der er meget, jeg kunne sige om jer og dømme jer for. Men lad mig nøjes med at sige, at han, som sendte mig, altid taler sandt. Og det budskab, jeg har fra ham, er det, jeg giver videre til menneskene.”

27 De fattede ikke, at han talte til dem om sin himmelske Far. 28 Da sagde Jesus: „Når I har fået Menneskesønnen løftet op, vil I forstå, at jeg er den, jeg er. Jeg gør intet af egen vilje, men jeg siger det, min Far har sagt, jeg skal sige. 29 Han, som har sendt mig, står bag mig. Han har ikke forladt mig, for jeg gør altid det, der er hans vilje.”

Mange i skaren kommer til tro

30 Mens Jesus talte, kom mange i folkeskaren til tro på ham, 31 og til dem sagde han: „Hvis I holder fast ved mine ord, er I virkelig mine disciple. 32 I vil lære sandheden at kende, og sandheden skal sætte jer fri.”

Konfrontationen med de jødiske ledere tilspidses

33 „Sætte os fri?” afbrød de jødiske ledere ham. „Hvad mener du med det? Vi har aldrig været slaver af nogen. Vi er jo børn af Abraham!”[b]

34 Jesus svarede: „Det siger jeg jer: Enhver, som lever i synd, er slave af synden. 35 Slaver har ingen frihed og ingen rettigheder. De kan når som helst blive sendt bort. Sønnen, derimod, hører til i familien, og det bliver han ved med at gøre. 36 Hvis Sønnen får sat jer fri, bliver I virkeligt frie.

37 Jeg ved, at I er børn af Abraham, men alligevel er I ude på at slå mig ihjel, for I har ikke plads til mit ord i jeres hjerter. 38 Jeg taler om det, jeg har set hos min Far. Men I handler efter det, I har hørt fra jeres far.”

39 „Vores far, det er Abraham,” sagde de.

„Hvis I virkelig var Abrahams børn, ville I gøre, som han gjorde,” fortsatte Jesus. 40 „Men nu prøver I at slå mig ihjel, jeg, som har sagt jer sandheden, den sandhed, jeg har fået fra Gud. Det ville Abraham aldrig have gjort. 41 Nej, I adlyder jeres virkelige far, når I bærer jer sådan ad.”

„Vi er ikke uægte børn,” råbte de. „Vi har kun én far, og det er Gud!”

42 „Hvis Gud havde været jeres far, så ville I have elsket mig, for det er Gud, der har sendt mig. 43 Hvorfor forstår I ikke, hvad jeg siger? Fordi I er ude af stand til at høre efter. 44 Jeres far er Djævelen, og I er villige til at gøre alt det onde, som han gerne vil have jer til at gøre. Han har altid været ude på at ødelægge mennesker. Han har sat sig op imod sandheden, og der findes ikke noget sandt i ham. Det er helt naturligt for ham at lyve, for han er ophavsmand til alle former for løgn og bedrag. 45 Mig tror I ikke på, fordi jeg siger sandheden. 46 Hvem af jer kan påvise, at jeg skulle have gjort noget forkert? Når nu det, jeg siger, er sandt, hvorfor tror I så ikke på mig? 47 Den, der tilhører Gud, lytter til hans ord. Men I lytter ikke til Guds ord, fordi I ikke er hans børn.”

48 „Din samaritaner!” snerrede de. „Har vi ikke hele tiden sagt, at du er besat af en ond ånd?”

49 „Jeg er ikke besat af nogen ond ånd,” svarede Jesus. „Jeg ærer min Far, men I vanærer mig. 50 Jeg søger ikke min egen ære. Det er der en anden, der gør, og han skal dømme jer. 51 Det siger jeg jer: Den, der adlyder mit ord, skal aldrig dø.”

52 „Nu ved vi, at du er besat af en ond ånd!” sagde de jødiske ledere triumferende. „Abraham er død. Profeterne er døde. Og nu kommer du og siger, at hvis man bare adlyder dig, skal man aldrig dø. 53 Du påstår vel ikke, at du er større end vores far Abraham, der dog ligger i sin grav. Eller større end profeterne, som måtte dø. Hvem tror du egentlig, du er?”

54 Jesus svarede: „Hvis jeg lovpriste mig selv, ville det ikke være noget værd. Nu er det imidlertid min Far, der giver mig ære, ham, som I kalder jeres Gud, 55 selv om I slet ikke kender ham. Men jeg kender ham, og hvis jeg sagde, at jeg ikke kendte ham, ville jeg være lige så stor en løgner, som I er. Ikke alene kender jeg ham, men jeg adlyder hans ord. 56 Jeres stamfar Abraham så med glæde frem til den dag, jeg skulle komme. Han fik lov at se mig, og han frydede sig over det.”

57 „Du er ikke engang 50 år, og så påstår du at have set Abraham!” protesterede de.

58 Jesus svarede: „Det siger jeg jer: Jeg har levet, fra længe før Abraham blev født.”[c]

59 Det blev dem for meget, og de begyndte at samle sten op for at slå ham ihjel, men Jesus forsvandt i mængden og gik bort fra tempelområdet.

Footnotes

  1. 8,5 5.Mos. 22,22-29.
  2. 8,33 Det hebraiske udtryk „børn af Abraham” udtrykker både et tilhørsforhold til og en lighed med Abraham. Kontrasten mellem at være fysiske efterkommere af Abraham („Abrahams børn efter kødet”) og åndelige efterkommere af Abraham („Abrahams børn i troen”) er en gennemgående og væsentlig kontrast i hele det Ny Testamente. Alle jøder er Abrahams fysiske efterkommere, men kun de, der tror på, at Jesus er Messias, er hans åndelige efterkommere. Se også noterne til Luk. 3,8; 13,16 og 19,9.
  3. 8,58 De traditionelle oversættelser af dette vers er: „Før Abraham blev til, er jeg” eller „Jeg er, før Abraham blev født”. Begge oversættelser er sprogligt set meget tvivlsomme.

Chapter 8

Jesus, Savior of Sinners

A Woman Caught in Adultery.[a] [7:53Then each of them returned home. But Jesus went to the Mount of Olives. At daybreak he entered the temple courts, and all the people gathered around him. He sat down and began to teach them.

The scribes and the Pharisees brought in a woman who had been caught in adultery. Forcing her to stand in their midst, they said to him, “Teacher, this woman was caught in the very act of adultery.[b] Now in the Law Moses commanded us to stone such women.[c] What do you have to say?”

They asked him this question as a test so that they could bring a charge against him. Jesus bent down and started to write on the ground with his finger. When they continued to persist in their question, he straightened up and said to them, “Let anyone among you who is without sin be the first to throw a stone at her.”[d] Then he again bent down and wrote on the ground.

When they heard his response, they went away one by one, beginning with the elders, until Jesus was left alone with the woman standing before him. 10 Then Jesus straightened up and said to her, “Woman, where are they? Has no one condemned you?” 11 She replied, “No one, sir.” “Neither do I condemn you,” Jesus said. “Go on your way, and sin no more.”]

The Light Triumphs over Darkness

12 The Light of the World.[e] Jesus addressed them once again, saying,

“I am[f] the light of the world.
The one who follows me
will never walk in darkness.
Rather, he will have the light of life.”

13 On hearing this, the Pharisees said to him, “You are testifying on your own behalf. Your testimony is not true.” 14 Jesus replied,

“Even though I testify on my own behalf,
my testimony is true,
because I know where I have come from
and where I am going,
whereas you do not know
where I have come from
or where I am going.
15 You judge by the flesh,
whereas I do not judge anyone.
16 Yet even if I do judge,
my judgment is true
because it is not I alone who judge,
but it is I and the Father who sent me.
17 “In your Law it is written
that the testimony of two witnesses is true.
18 I testify on my own behalf,
and the Father who sent me
also testifies on my behalf.”

19 They continued to question him, saying, “Where is your Father?” Jesus answered,

“You know neither me nor my Father.
If you knew me,
you would know my Father also.”

20 He spoke these words while he was teaching at the treasury of the temple.[g] However, no one arrested him because his hour had not yet come.

21 I AM![h] Again he said to them,

“I am going away,
and you will search for me
but you will die in your sin.
Where I am going, you cannot come.”

22 Then the Jews wondered, “Is he planning to kill himself—because he was saying, ‘Where I am going, you cannot come’?” 23 He continued,

“You belong to what is below,
whereas I belong to what is above.
You belong to this world,
but I am not of this world.
24 That is why I told you
that you would die in your sins.
For if you do not believe
that I AM,
you will die in your sins.”

25 “Who are you then?” they asked him. Jesus answered,

“Just what I have been telling you
from the beginning.
26 I have much to say about you,
and much to condemn.
But the one who sent me is true,
and what I have heard from him
I declare to the world.”

27 They did not understand that he was speaking to them about the Father. 28 Therefore, Jesus said,

“When you have lifted up the Son of Man,
then you will know
that I AM,
that I do nothing on my own authority
and I say nothing except what
the Father has taught me.
29 He who sent me is with me.
He has not left me alone,
for I always do what pleases him.”

30 On hearing these words, many came to believe in him.

31 Jesus and Abraham.[i] Then Jesus said to those Jews who did believe in him,

“If you remain faithful to my word,
you will truly be my disciples.
32 You will know the truth,
and the truth will set you free.”

33 They answered him, “We are descendants of Abraham, and we have never been slaves to anyone. What do you mean by saying, ‘You will be set free’?” 34 Jesus replied,

“Amen, amen, I say to you,
everyone who sins
is a slave of sin.
35 A slave does not remain in a household forever,
but a son remains in it forever.
36 Therefore, if the Son sets you free,
you then will truly be free.
37 “I know that you are descendants of Abraham,
but you seek to kill me
because my word has no place in your heart.
38 I speak of what I have seen
in my Father’s presence,
whereas you do what you have heard
from your father.”

39 The Jews said to him, “Abraham is our father.” Jesus said to them,

“If you were Abraham’s children,
you would be doing the works that Abraham did.
40 But now you seek to kill me,
a man who has told you the truth
that I heard from God.
This is not what Abraham did.
41 You are doing the works of your father!”

They retorted, “We are not illegitimate children. We have one father—God.” 42 Jesus said to them,

“If God were your father,
you would love me,
for I came from God;
neither did I come of my own will,
but he was the one who sent me.
43 Why do you not understand
what I am saying?
It is because you cannot bear
to hear my words.
44 “You are from your father, the devil,
and you choose to carry out your father’s desires.
He was a murderer from the beginning,
and he does not abide by the truth,
for there is no truth in him.
When he lies,
he speaks in accord with his own nature,
for he is a liar
and the father of lies.
45 But because I speak the truth
you refuse to believe me.
46 “Which of you can convict me of sin?
If I say what is true,
why do you not believe me?
47 Whoever comes from God
listens to the words of God.
The reason why you refuse to listen
is that you do not belong to God.”

48 The Jews answered, “Are we not right in saying that you are a Samaritan and are possessed?” 49 Jesus said,

“I am not possessed.
I honor my Father,
but you dishonor me.
50 I do not seek my own glory.
There is one who seeks it,
and he is the judge.
51 Amen, amen, I say to you,
whoever keeps my word
will never see death.”

52 The Jews retorted, “Now we are positive that you are possessed. Abraham died, and the Prophets are dead. Yet you say, ‘Whoever keeps my word will never taste death.’ 53 Are you greater than our father Abraham? He is dead, and the Prophets are also dead. Who do you claim to be?” 54 Jesus answered,

“If I glorify myself,
that glory is of no value.
It is my Father who glorifies me,
the one about whom you say,
‘He is our God,’
55 even though you do not know him.
However, I do know him.
If I would say
that I do not know him,
I would be a liar like you.
But I do know him,
and I keep his word.
56 Your father Abraham rejoiced
that he would see my day.
He saw it and was glad.”[j]

57 The Jews then said to him, “You are not yet fifty years old. How can you have seen Abraham?” 58 Jesus responded,

“Amen, amen, I say to you,
before Abraham was,
I AM.”[k]

59 Then they picked up stones to throw at him, but he hid himself and left the temple.

Footnotes

  1. John 8:1 This story is missing in a number of ancient manuscripts and is inserted at other points in others; it does not seem to be from the author of the fourth Gospel, for it is written in quite a different style. However, it has been accepted by the Church as the work of an inspired author.
    We are struck by the portrait of Jesus found herein: his silence, his sober gesture, his refusal to use religion as a pretext to spy on and judge others, and his courage to proclaim his own truth. It is pointless to ask what he wrote on the ground. Let us dwell on what he considered the Law to be: it condemns sin not so that people may judge one another but so that they may feel the need to be saved by God. And it is to this salvation that he bears witness.
  2. John 8:4 Caught in the very act of adultery: Jewish law required witnesses to have seen the act.
  3. John 8:5 Stone such women: stoning was required only if the woman was a betrothed virgin (Deut 22:23-24). The Law also demanded the execution of both parties (Lev 20:10; Deut 22:22).
  4. John 8:7 The Law stipulated that the first stones were to be cast by the witnesses (Deut 17:7).
  5. John 8:12 Here is another symbol, which has the feast of Lights for its setting and enables us to understand more fully the part Jesus intends to play in the life of human beings: he is light. We may think of the luminous cloud during the journey in the wilderness (see Ex 13:21; Wis 18:3), the form in which God was leading his people.
  6. John 8:12 I am: see notes on Jn 6:20 and 6:35.
  7. John 8:20 The treasury of the temple: not the place where the offerings were stored, since this was closed to the public, but the adjacent room where the boxes for the offerings stood (see Mk 12:41; Lk 21:1).
  8. John 8:21 The discussion is continued so that the reader may come into direct contact with the mystery of Jesus. Who then is he? He does not belong to the world of sin but gathers around himself those who believe in him. Without this faith in him, people remain shut up in death, cast off from God. A sudden word is uttered: I am, the name by which God revealed himself to Moses (Ex 3:14). Jesus is so closely united to his Father that he can claim the title “Lord” for himself. Jesus will appear as Judge and Lord when he is lifted up on the cross (Jn 3:14; 19:37).
  9. John 8:31 The Jews can rightly protest that they are not illegitimate children, that is, using the imagery of the time, they have not grown up in idolatry but in faith in the true God. But that is not enough. To oppose Jesus and reject the truth means entering into an agreement with the devil. Jesus says that he is superior even to Abraham, the father of the people.
  10. John 8:56 Abraham rejoiced at the promise given to him by the Lord that the future Messiah would come from his descendants (Gen 12:7; 15:2f; 17:15f; see Gal 3:16). My day: that is, the presence of the Messiah, whom Abraham saw and greeted “from a distance” (Heb 11:13).
  11. John 8:58 I AM: see notes on Jn 6:20 and 6:35.

Jesus went unto the mount of Olives.

And early in the morning he came again into the temple, and all the people came unto him; and he sat down, and taught them.

And the scribes and Pharisees brought unto him a woman taken in adultery; and when they had set her in the midst,

They say unto him, Master, this woman was taken in adultery, in the very act.

Now Moses in the law commanded us, that such should be stoned: but what sayest thou?

This they said, tempting him, that they might have to accuse him. But Jesus stooped down, and with his finger wrote on the ground, as though he heard them not.

So when they continued asking him, he lifted up himself, and said unto them, He that is without sin among you, let him first cast a stone at her.

And again he stooped down, and wrote on the ground.

And they which heard it, being convicted by their own conscience, went out one by one, beginning at the eldest, even unto the last: and Jesus was left alone, and the woman standing in the midst.

10 When Jesus had lifted up himself, and saw none but the woman, he said unto her, Woman, where are those thine accusers? hath no man condemned thee?

11 She said, No man, Lord. And Jesus said unto her, Neither do I condemn thee: go, and sin no more.

12 Then spake Jesus again unto them, saying, I am the light of the world: he that followeth me shall not walk in darkness, but shall have the light of life.

13 The Pharisees therefore said unto him, Thou bearest record of thyself; thy record is not true.

14 Jesus answered and said unto them, Though I bear record of myself, yet my record is true: for I know whence I came, and whither I go; but ye cannot tell whence I come, and whither I go.

15 Ye judge after the flesh; I judge no man.

16 And yet if I judge, my judgment is true: for I am not alone, but I and the Father that sent me.

17 It is also written in your law, that the testimony of two men is true.

18 I am one that bear witness of myself, and the Father that sent me beareth witness of me.

19 Then said they unto him, Where is thy Father? Jesus answered, Ye neither know me, nor my Father: if ye had known me, ye should have known my Father also.

20 These words spake Jesus in the treasury, as he taught in the temple: and no man laid hands on him; for his hour was not yet come.

21 Then said Jesus again unto them, I go my way, and ye shall seek me, and shall die in your sins: whither I go, ye cannot come.

22 Then said the Jews, Will he kill himself? because he saith, Whither I go, ye cannot come.

23 And he said unto them, Ye are from beneath; I am from above: ye are of this world; I am not of this world.

24 I said therefore unto you, that ye shall die in your sins: for if ye believe not that I am he, ye shall die in your sins.

25 Then said they unto him, Who art thou? And Jesus saith unto them, Even the same that I said unto you from the beginning.

26 I have many things to say and to judge of you: but he that sent me is true; and I speak to the world those things which I have heard of him.

27 They understood not that he spake to them of the Father.

28 Then said Jesus unto them, When ye have lifted up the Son of man, then shall ye know that I am he, and that I do nothing of myself; but as my Father hath taught me, I speak these things.

29 And he that sent me is with me: the Father hath not left me alone; for I do always those things that please him.

30 As he spake these words, many believed on him.

31 Then said Jesus to those Jews which believed on him, If ye continue in my word, then are ye my disciples indeed;

32 And ye shall know the truth, and the truth shall make you free.

33 They answered him, We be Abraham's seed, and were never in bondage to any man: how sayest thou, Ye shall be made free?

34 Jesus answered them, Verily, verily, I say unto you, Whosoever committeth sin is the servant of sin.

35 And the servant abideth not in the house for ever: but the Son abideth ever.

36 If the Son therefore shall make you free, ye shall be free indeed.

37 I know that ye are Abraham's seed; but ye seek to kill me, because my word hath no place in you.

38 I speak that which I have seen with my Father: and ye do that which ye have seen with your father.

39 They answered and said unto him, Abraham is our father. Jesus saith unto them, If ye were Abraham's children, ye would do the works of Abraham.

40 But now ye seek to kill me, a man that hath told you the truth, which I have heard of God: this did not Abraham.

41 Ye do the deeds of your father. Then said they to him, We be not born of fornication; we have one Father, even God.

42 Jesus said unto them, If God were your Father, ye would love me: for I proceeded forth and came from God; neither came I of myself, but he sent me.

43 Why do ye not understand my speech? even because ye cannot hear my word.

44 Ye are of your father the devil, and the lusts of your father ye will do. He was a murderer from the beginning, and abode not in the truth, because there is no truth in him. When he speaketh a lie, he speaketh of his own: for he is a liar, and the father of it.

45 And because I tell you the truth, ye believe me not.

46 Which of you convinceth me of sin? And if I say the truth, why do ye not believe me?

47 He that is of God heareth God's words: ye therefore hear them not, because ye are not of God.

48 Then answered the Jews, and said unto him, Say we not well that thou art a Samaritan, and hast a devil?

49 Jesus answered, I have not a devil; but I honour my Father, and ye do dishonour me.

50 And I seek not mine own glory: there is one that seeketh and judgeth.

51 Verily, verily, I say unto you, If a man keep my saying, he shall never see death.

52 Then said the Jews unto him, Now we know that thou hast a devil. Abraham is dead, and the prophets; and thou sayest, If a man keep my saying, he shall never taste of death.

53 Art thou greater than our father Abraham, which is dead? and the prophets are dead: whom makest thou thyself?

54 Jesus answered, If I honour myself, my honour is nothing: it is my Father that honoureth me; of whom ye say, that he is your God:

55 Yet ye have not known him; but I know him: and if I should say, I know him not, I shall be a liar like unto you: but I know him, and keep his saying.

56 Your father Abraham rejoiced to see my day: and he saw it, and was glad.

57 Then said the Jews unto him, Thou art not yet fifty years old, and hast thou seen Abraham?

58 Jesus said unto them, Verily, verily, I say unto you, Before Abraham was, I am.

59 Then took they up stones to cast at him: but Jesus hid himself, and went out of the temple, going through the midst of them, and so passed by.