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A Different Kind of High Priest[a]

Chapter 7

Melchizedek.[b] This Melchizedek, the king of Salem and a priest of God Most High, met Abraham as he was returning from his defeat of the kings, and he blessed him. Abraham gave him a tenth of everything. His name first means “king of righteousness,” and then “king of Salem,” that is, “king of peace.” Without father, or mother, or genealogy, and without beginning of days or end of life, thus bearing a resemblance to the Son of God, he remains a priest forever.

Just consider now how great this man must have been for the patriarch Abraham to give him a tenth of his spoils. The descendants of Levi who succeed to the priestly office are required by the Law to collect tithes from the people, that is, from their fellow countrymen, although they too are descended from Abraham. However, Melchizedek, who was not of the same ancestry, received tithes from Abraham and blessed him who had received the promises.

It is indisputable that a lesser person is blessed by one who is greater. In the one case, it is ordinary mortal men who receive tithes; in the other, the recipient is one of whom it is attested that he is alive. One could even say that Levi himself, who receives tithes, actually paid tithes through Abraham, 10 inasmuch as he was still in his father’s loins when Melchizedek met Abraham.

11 Another High Priest according to the Order of Melchizedek.[c] If perfection was therefore achieved through the Levitical priesthood, on the basis of which the Law was given to the people, what need would there have been for another priest to arise according to the order of Melchizedek rather than one according to the order of Aaron? 12 For when there is any change in the priesthood, there must also be a change in the Law.

13 Now the one about whom these things were said belonged to a different tribe, from which no one has ever served at the altar. 14 For it is clear that our Lord was descended from Judah, a tribe about which Moses said nothing in regard to priests.

15 This becomes even more obvious now that another priest has arisen, one like Melchizedek, 16 who was one not through a legal requirement concerning physical descent, but by the power of an indestructible life. 17 For it is attested of him:

“You are a priest forever,
    according to the order of Melchizedek.”

18 The earlier commandment is abrogated because of its weakness and ineffectiveness, 19 since the Law brought nothing to perfection. On the other hand, a better hope is introduced through which we draw nearer to God.

20 This was confirmed by an oath. When others became priests, no oath was required, 21 but this one became a priest with the swearing of an oath by the one who said to him,

“The Lord has sworn, and he will not repent:
    ‘You are a priest forever.’ ”

22 Accordingly, Jesus has also become the guarantee of a better covenant.

23 Furthermore, the former priests were many in number, because they were prevented by death from remaining in office. 24 However, Jesus holds a perpetual priesthood because he remains forever. 25 Therefore, he has the full power to save those who approach God through him, since he lives forever to intercede for them.

26 The High Priest That We Needed.[d] It was fitting that we should have such a high priest—holy, innocent, undefiled, separated from sinners, and raised high above the heavens. 27 Unlike the other high priests, he has no need to offer sacrifices day after day, first for his own sins and then for those of the people. He accomplished this once for all when he offered himself. 28 The Law appoints as high priests those who are subject to weakness, but the word of the oath, which came later than the Law, appointed the Son who has been made perfect forever.

Footnotes

  1. Hebrews 7:1 A mysterious figure made his appearance in the story of Abraham: Melchizedek (see Gen 14:17-20), and Ps 110—which held a special place in Israel’s meditation on the Messiah—speaks of a mysterious priesthood of the kind exercised by Melchizedek (v. 4). The Letter to the Hebrews says that those passages foretell the priesthood of Christ. Yet the priesthood of Christ cannot be measured by the same standard as the Jewish priesthood, because it renders the latter obsolete.
  2. Hebrews 7:1 The figure of Melchizedek is full of symbols. His name means “king of righteousness”; his reign was one of “peace.” Most unusually, the Bible gives us no chronological or genealogical information about him, naming neither his ancestors nor his descendants. His priesthood does not seem to be connected in any way with a hereditary line of priests, but only with his own person, as though it were something everlasting. And Abraham, to whom is given all the power to bless and the promises for Israel, receives a blessing from Melchizedek and offers him a tithe. All the more, then, does this priest stand above all the descendants of the Patriarch, and especially Levi, from whom descends all the Jewish priests whose standing the people acknowledge by paying them a tithe (see Lev 27:30-33; Num 18:21f). In the person of Abraham, they all bowed down to the mysterious priesthood of Melchizedek, who prefigured Jesus.
  3. Hebrews 7:11 Jesus Christ, foretold by the person of Melchizedek, does not have a place in the priestly genealogies that were set up after Moses; his priesthood is based on the commitment of God himself, on the divine oath (vv. 20-22). He is the definitive mediator between God and humanity.
  4. Hebrews 7:26 A first conclusion rises as a chant of freedom and a beautiful hymn to Christ. Perishable offerings are no longer anything but a symbol of self-giving already completed in reality: Christ alone can commit himself completely to God, become an offering, and in his very person be the representative of human beings before God. The Son who has been made perfect forever: Jesus, the Son, is God, and he shares the divine attributes, e.g., holiness (see v. 26; Jn 8:46; 2 Cor 5:21); eternity (see Mic 5:2; Jn 1:1; 8:58; 17:5, 24; Col 1:17); omnipotence (see Heb 1:3; Mt 28:18; Rev 1:8); omniscience (see Mt 9:4; Jn 6:64; 16:30; Col 2:3); immutability (see Heb 1:11f; 13:8); omnipresence (see Mt 28:20; Jn 3:13; Eph 1:23); creative power (see Heb 1:8, 10; Jn 1:3; 1 Cor 8:6; Col 1:16f); power to forgive sins (see Mk 2:5, 7-10; Lk 24:47; Jn 1:29; Acts 10:43; 1 Jn 1:7); the right to be worshiped (see Mt 8:2; Phil 2:10).

Jesús, sacerdote como Melquisedec

Este Melquisedec fue rey de Salem y sacerdote del Dios altísimo. Cuando Abraham regresaba de la batalla en la que había derrotado a los reyes, Melquisedec salió a su encuentro y lo bendijo; entonces Abraham le dio la décima parte de todo lo que había ganado en la batalla. Ante todo, hay que notar que el nombre Melquisedec significa «rey de justicia», pero aparece también como rey de Salem, que quiere decir «rey de paz». Nada se sabe de su padre ni de su madre ni de sus antepasados; ni tampoco se habla de su nacimiento ni de su muerte; y así, a semejanza del Hijo de Dios, es sacerdote para siempre.

Ahora bien, fíjense qué importante era Melquisedec, que nuestro propio antepasado Abraham le dio la décima parte de lo que les había ganado a los reyes en la batalla. Según la ley de Moisés, los sacerdotes que son descendientes de Leví tienen el derecho de cobrarle al pueblo la décima parte de todo, a pesar de que son sus parientes y descienden de Abraham lo mismo que ellos. Pero Melquisedec, aunque no era descendiente de Leví, le cobró la décima parte a Abraham, que había recibido las promesas de Dios. Así Melquisedec bendijo a Abraham; y nadie puede negar que el que bendice es superior al bendecido. Aquí, en esta vida, los que cobran la décima parte son hombres mortales; pero la Escritura habla de Melquisedec como de uno que todavía vive. Y se puede decir que los sacerdotes que descienden de Leví, y que ahora cobran la décima parte, pagaron también la décima parte a Melquisedec al pagársela a él Abraham; 10 porque, en cierto sentido, cuando Melquisedec salió al encuentro de Abraham, éste llevaba ya en su cuerpo a sus descendientes que aún no habían nacido.

Los dos sacerdocios

11 El pueblo de Israel recibió la ley basada en el sacerdocio levítico. Ahora bien, si estos sacerdotes hubieran podido hacer perfectos a los hombres, no habría sido necesario que apareciera otro sacerdote, ya no de la clase de Aarón sino de la clase de Melquisedec. 12 Porque al cambiar el sacerdocio, también se tiene que cambiar la ley; 13 y nuestro Señor, de quien la Escritura dice esto, pertenece a otra tribu de Israel, de la cual no ha salido ningún sacerdote. 14 Porque es bien sabido que nuestro Señor vino de la tribu de Judá, y Moisés no dijo nada de esa tribu cuando habló del sacerdocio.

15 Y esto es aún más claro si el nuevo sacerdote que aparece es uno como Melquisedec, 16 que no fue sacerdote según una ley que toma en cuenta elementos puramente humanos, sino según el poder de una vida indestructible. 17 Porque esto es lo que Dios dice de él:

«Tú eres sacerdote para siempre,
de la misma clase que Melquisedec.»

18 Así que el mandato anterior quedó cancelado porque era débil e inútil, 19 pues la ley de Moisés no perfeccionó nada, y en su lugar tenemos una esperanza mejor, por la cual nos acercamos a Dios.

Superioridad del sacerdocio de Jesús

20 Y Dios garantizó esto con un juramento. Los otros sacerdotes fueron nombrados sin juramento alguno, 21 pero en el caso del Señor sí hubo un juramento, pues en la Escritura se le dice:

«El Señor hizo un juramento
y no va a desdecirse:
“Tú eres sacerdote para siempre.”»

22 De este modo, Jesús es quien garantiza una alianza mejor que la primera. 23 Los otros sacerdotes fueron muchos porque la muerte les impedía seguir viviendo; 24 pero como Jesús no muere, su oficio sacerdotal no pasa a ningún otro. 25 Por eso puede salvar para siempre a los que se acercan a Dios por medio de él, pues vive para siempre, para rogar a Dios por ellos.

26 Así pues, Jesús es precisamente el Sumo sacerdote que necesitábamos. Él es santo, sin maldad y sin mancha, apartado de los pecadores y puesto más alto que el cielo. 27 No es como los otros sumos sacerdotes, que tienen que matar animales y ofrecerlos cada día en sacrificio, primero por sus propios pecados y luego por los pecados del pueblo. Por el contrario, Jesús ofreció el sacrificio una sola vez y para siempre, cuando se ofreció a sí mismo. 28 La ley de Moisés nombra como Sumos sacerdotes a hombres imperfectos; pero el juramento de Dios, que fue hecho después de la ley, nombra sumo sacerdote a su Hijo, quien ha sido hecho perfecto para siempre.