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Hebreos 7
Dios Habla Hoy

Jesús, sacerdote como Melquisedec

7 Este Melquisedec fue rey de Salem y sacerdote del Dios altísimo. Cuando Abraham regresaba de la batalla en la que había derrotado a los reyes, Melquisedec salió a su encuentro y lo bendijo; 2 entonces Abraham le dio la décima parte de todo lo que había ganado en la batalla. Ante todo, hay que notar que el nombre Melquisedec significa «rey de justicia», pero aparece también como rey de Salem, que quiere decir «rey de paz». 3 Nada se sabe de su padre ni de su madre ni de sus antepasados; ni tampoco se habla de su nacimiento ni de su muerte; y así, a semejanza del Hijo de Dios, es sacerdote para siempre.

4 Ahora bien, fíjense qué importante era Melquisedec, que nuestro propio antepasado Abraham le dio la décima parte de lo que les había ganado a los reyes en la batalla. 5 Según la ley de Moisés, los sacerdotes que son descendientes de Leví tienen el derecho de cobrarle al pueblo la décima parte de todo, a pesar de que son sus parientes y descienden de Abraham lo mismo que ellos. 6 Pero Melquisedec, aunque no era descendiente de Leví, le cobró la décima parte a Abraham, que había recibido las promesas de Dios. Así Melquisedec bendijo a Abraham; 7 y nadie puede negar que el que bendice es superior al bendecido. 8 Aquí, en esta vida, los que cobran la décima parte son hombres mortales; pero la Escritura habla de Melquisedec como de uno que todavía vive. 9 Y se puede decir que los sacerdotes que descienden de Leví, y que ahora cobran la décima parte, pagaron también la décima parte a Melquisedec al pagársela a él Abraham; 10 porque, en cierto sentido, cuando Melquisedec salió al encuentro de Abraham, éste llevaba ya en su cuerpo a sus descendientes que aún no habían nacido.

Los dos sacerdocios

11 El pueblo de Israel recibió la ley basada en el sacerdocio levítico. Ahora bien, si estos sacerdotes hubieran podido hacer perfectos a los hombres, no habría sido necesario que apareciera otro sacerdote, ya no de la clase de Aarón sino de la clase de Melquisedec. 12 Porque al cambiar el sacerdocio, también se tiene que cambiar la ley; 13 y nuestro Señor, de quien la Escritura dice esto, pertenece a otra tribu de Israel, de la cual no ha salido ningún sacerdote. 14 Porque es bien sabido que nuestro Señor vino de la tribu de Judá, y Moisés no dijo nada de esa tribu cuando habló del sacerdocio.

15 Y esto es aún más claro si el nuevo sacerdote que aparece es uno como Melquisedec, 16 que no fue sacerdote según una ley que toma en cuenta elementos puramente humanos, sino según el poder de una vida indestructible. 17 Porque esto es lo que Dios dice de él:

«Tú eres sacerdote para siempre,
de la misma clase que Melquisedec.»

18 Así que el mandato anterior quedó cancelado porque era débil e inútil, 19 pues la ley de Moisés no perfeccionó nada, y en su lugar tenemos una esperanza mejor, por la cual nos acercamos a Dios.

Superioridad del sacerdocio de Jesús

20 Y Dios garantizó esto con un juramento. Los otros sacerdotes fueron nombrados sin juramento alguno, 21 pero en el caso del Señor sí hubo un juramento, pues en la Escritura se le dice:

«El Señor hizo un juramento
y no va a desdecirse:
“Tú eres sacerdote para siempre.”»

22 De este modo, Jesús es quien garantiza una alianza mejor que la primera. 23 Los otros sacerdotes fueron muchos porque la muerte les impedía seguir viviendo; 24 pero como Jesús no muere, su oficio sacerdotal no pasa a ningún otro. 25 Por eso puede salvar para siempre a los que se acercan a Dios por medio de él, pues vive para siempre, para rogar a Dios por ellos.

26 Así pues, Jesús es precisamente el Sumo sacerdote que necesitábamos. Él es santo, sin maldad y sin mancha, apartado de los pecadores y puesto más alto que el cielo. 27 No es como los otros sumos sacerdotes, que tienen que matar animales y ofrecerlos cada día en sacrificio, primero por sus propios pecados y luego por los pecados del pueblo. Por el contrario, Jesús ofreció el sacrificio una sola vez y para siempre, cuando se ofreció a sí mismo. 28 La ley de Moisés nombra como Sumos sacerdotes a hombres imperfectos; pero el juramento de Dios, que fue hecho después de la ley, nombra sumo sacerdote a su Hijo, quien ha sido hecho perfecto para siempre.

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Hebrews 7
New International Version

Melchizedek the Priest

7 This Melchizedek was king of Salem(A) and priest of God Most High.(B) He met Abraham returning from the defeat of the kings and blessed him,(C) 2 and Abraham gave him a tenth of everything. First, the name Melchizedek means “king of righteousness”; then also, “king of Salem” means “king of peace.” 3 Without father or mother, without genealogy,(D) without beginning of days or end of life, resembling the Son of God,(E) he remains a priest forever.

4 Just think how great he was: Even the patriarch(F) Abraham gave him a tenth of the plunder!(G) 5 Now the law requires the descendants of Levi who become priests to collect a tenth from the people(H)—that is, from their fellow Israelites—even though they also are descended from Abraham. 6 This man, however, did not trace his descent from Levi, yet he collected a tenth from Abraham and blessed(I) him who had the promises.(J) 7 And without doubt the lesser is blessed by the greater. 8 In the one case, the tenth is collected by people who die; but in the other case, by him who is declared to be living.(K) 9 One might even say that Levi, who collects the tenth, paid the tenth through Abraham, 10 because when Melchizedek met Abraham, Levi was still in the body of his ancestor.

Jesus Like Melchizedek

11 If perfection could have been attained through the Levitical priesthood—and indeed the law given to the people(L) established that priesthood—why was there still need for another priest to come,(M) one in the order of Melchizedek,(N) not in the order of Aaron? 12 For when the priesthood is changed, the law must be changed also. 13 He of whom these things are said belonged to a different tribe,(O) and no one from that tribe has ever served at the altar.(P) 14 For it is clear that our Lord descended from Judah,(Q) and in regard to that tribe Moses said nothing about priests. 15 And what we have said is even more clear if another priest like Melchizedek appears, 16 one who has become a priest not on the basis of a regulation as to his ancestry but on the basis of the power of an indestructible life. 17 For it is declared:

“You are a priest forever,
    in the order of Melchizedek.”[a](R)

18 The former regulation is set aside because it was weak and useless(S) 19 (for the law made nothing perfect),(T) and a better hope(U) is introduced, by which we draw near to God.(V)

20 And it was not without an oath! Others became priests without any oath, 21 but he became a priest with an oath when God said to him:

“The Lord has sworn
    and will not change his mind:(W)
    ‘You are a priest forever.’”[b](X)

22 Because of this oath, Jesus has become the guarantor of a better covenant.(Y)

23 Now there have been many of those priests, since death prevented them from continuing in office; 24 but because Jesus lives forever, he has a permanent priesthood.(Z) 25 Therefore he is able to save(AA) completely[c] those who come to God(AB) through him, because he always lives to intercede for them.(AC)

26 Such a high priest(AD) truly meets our need—one who is holy, blameless, pure, set apart from sinners,(AE) exalted above the heavens.(AF) 27 Unlike the other high priests, he does not need to offer sacrifices(AG) day after day, first for his own sins,(AH) and then for the sins of the people. He sacrificed for their sins once for all(AI) when he offered himself.(AJ) 28 For the law appoints as high priests men in all their weakness;(AK) but the oath, which came after the law, appointed the Son,(AL) who has been made perfect(AM) forever.

Footnotes

  1. Hebrews 7:17 Psalm 110:4
  2. Hebrews 7:21 Psalm 110:4
  3. Hebrews 7:25 Or forever
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Hebrews 7
New American Bible (Revised Edition)

Chapter 7

Melchizedek, a Type of Christ. 1 [a]This “Melchizedek, king of Salem and priest of God Most High,”[b] “met Abraham as he returned from his defeat of the kings” and “blessed him.”(A) 2 [c]And Abraham apportioned to him “a tenth of everything.” His name first means righteous king, and he was also “king of Salem,” that is, king of peace. 3 Without father, mother, or ancestry, without beginning of days or end of life,[d] thus made to resemble the Son of God, he remains a priest forever.(B)

4 [e]See how great he is to whom the patriarch “Abraham [indeed] gave a tenth” of his spoils.(C) 5 The descendants of Levi who receive the office of priesthood have a commandment according to the law to exact tithes from the people, that is, from their brothers, although they also have come from the loins of Abraham.(D) 6 But he who was not of their ancestry received tithes from Abraham and blessed him who had received the promises. 7 Unquestionably, a lesser person is blessed by a greater.[f] 8 In the one case, mortal men receive tithes; in the other, a man of whom it is testified that he lives on. 9 One might even say that Levi[g] himself, who receives tithes, was tithed through Abraham, 10 for he was still in his father’s loins when Melchizedek met him.

11 [h]If, then, perfection came through the levitical priesthood, on the basis of which the people received the law, what need would there still have been for another priest to arise according to the order of Melchizedek, and not reckoned according to the order of Aaron?(E) 12 When there is a change of priesthood, there is necessarily a change of law as well. 13 Now he of whom these things are said[i] belonged to a different tribe, of which no member ever officiated at the altar. 14 It is clear that our Lord arose from Judah,[j] and in regard to that tribe Moses said nothing about priests.(F) 15 [k]It is even more obvious if another priest is raised up after the likeness of Melchizedek, 16 who has become so, not by a law expressed in a commandment concerning physical descent but by the power of a life that cannot be destroyed.[l] 17 For it is testified:

“You are a priest forever
    according to the order of Melchizedek.”(G)

18 On the one hand, a former commandment is annulled because of its weakness and uselessness,(H) 19 for the law brought nothing to perfection; on the other hand, a better hope[m] is introduced, through which we draw near to God. 20 [n]And to the degree that this happened not without the taking of an oath[o]—for others became priests without an oath, 21 but he with an oath, through the one who said to him:

“The Lord has sworn, and he will not repent:(I)
    ‘You are a priest forever’”—

22 (J)to that same degree has Jesus [also] become the guarantee of an [even] better covenant.[p] 23 Those priests were many because they were prevented by death from remaining in office, 24 but he, because he remains forever, has a priesthood that does not pass away.(K) 25 [q]Therefore, he is always able to save those who approach God through him, since he lives forever to make intercession for them.(L)

26 (M)It was fitting that we should have such a high priest:[r] holy, innocent, undefiled, separated from sinners, higher than the heavens.[s] 27 He has no need, as did the high priests, to offer sacrifice day after day,[t](N) first for his own sins and then for those of the people; he did that once for all when he offered himself. 28 For the law appoints men subject to weakness to be high priests, but the word of the oath, which was taken after the law, appoints a son, who has been made perfect forever.(O)

Footnotes

  1. 7:1–3 Recalling the meeting between Melchizedek and Abraham described in Gn 14:17–20, the author enhances the significance of this priest by providing the popular etymological meaning of his name and that of the city over which he ruled (Hb 7:2). Since Genesis gives no information on the parentage or the death of Melchizedek, he is seen here as a type of Christ, representing a priesthood that is unique and eternal (Hb 7:3).
  2. 7:1 The author here assumes that Melchizedek was a priest of the God of Israel (cf. Gn 14:22 and the note there).
  3. 7:2 In Gn 14, the Hebrew text does not state explicitly who gave tithes to whom. The author of Hebrews supplies Abraham as the subject, according to a contemporary interpretation of the passage. This supports the argument of the midrash and makes it possible to see in Melchizedek a type of Jesus. The messianic blessings of righteousness and peace are foreshadowed in the names “Melchizedek” and “Salem.”
  4. 7:3 Without father, mother, or ancestry, without beginning of days or end of life: this is perhaps a quotation from a hymn about Melchizedek. The rabbis maintained that anything not mentioned in the Torah does not exist. Consequently, since the Old Testament nowhere mentions Melchizedek’s ancestry, birth, or death, the conclusion can be drawn that he remains…forever.
  5. 7:4–10 The tithe that Abraham gave to Melchizedek (Hb 7:4), a practice later followed by the levitical priesthood (Hb 7:5), was a gift (Hb 7:6) acknowledging a certain superiority in Melchizedek, the foreign priest (Hb 7:7). This is further indicated by the fact that the institution of the levitical priesthood was sustained by hereditary succession in the tribe of Levi, whereas the absence of any mention of Melchizedek’s death in Genesis implies that his personal priesthood is permanent (Hb 7:8). The levitical priesthood itself, through Abraham, its ancestor, paid tithes to Melchizedek, thus acknowledging the superiority of his priesthood over its own (Hb 7:9–10).
  6. 7:7 A lesser person is blessed by a greater: though this sounds like a principle, there are some examples in the Old Testament that do not support it (cf. 2 Sm 14:22; Jb 31:20). The author may intend it as a statement of a liturgical rule.
  7. 7:9 Levi: for the author this name designates not only the son of Jacob mentioned in Genesis but the priestly tribe that was thought to be descended from him.
  8. 7:11–14 The levitical priesthood was not typified by the priesthood of Melchizedek, for Ps 110:4 speaks of a priesthood of a new order, the order of Melchizedek, to arise in messianic times (Hb 7:11). Since the levitical priesthood served the Mosaic law, a new priesthood (Hb 7:12) would not come into being without a change in the law itself. Thus Jesus was not associated with the Old Testament priesthood, for he was a descendant of the tribe of Judah, which had never exercised the priesthood (Hb 7:13–14).
  9. 7:13 He of whom these things are said: Jesus, the priest “according to the order of Melchizedek.” According to the author’s interpretation, Ps 110 spoke prophetically of Jesus.
  10. 7:14 Judah: the author accepts the early Christian tradition that Jesus was descended from the family of David (cf. Mt 1:1–2, 16, 20; Lk 1:27; 2:4; Rom 1:3). The Qumran community expected two Messiahs, one descended from Aaron and one from David; Hebrews shows no awareness of this view or at least does not accept it. Our author’s view is not attested in contemporaneous Judaism.
  11. 7:15–19 Jesus does not exercise a priesthood through family lineage but through his immortal existence (Hb 7:15–16), fulfilling Ps 110:4 (Hb 7:17; cf. Hb 7:3). Thus he abolishes forever both the levitical priesthood and the law it serves, because neither could effectively sanctify people (Hb 7:18) by leading them into direct communication with God (Hb 7:19).
  12. 7:16 A life that cannot be destroyed: the life to which Jesus has attained by virtue of his resurrection; it is his exaltation rather than his divine nature that makes him priest. The Old Testament speaks of the Aaronic priesthood as eternal (see Ex 40:15); our author does not explicitly consider this possible objection to his argument but implicitly refutes it in Hb 7:23–24.
  13. 7:19 A better hope: this hope depends upon the sacrifice of the Son of God; through it we “approach the throne of grace” (Hb 4:16); cf. Hb 6:19, 20.
  14. 7:20–25 As was the case with the promise to Abraham (Hb 6:13), though not with the levitical priesthood, the eternal priesthood of the order of Melchizedek was confirmed by God’s oath (Hb 7:20–21); cf. Ps 110:4. Thus Jesus becomes the guarantee of a permanent covenant (Hb 7:22) that does not require a succession of priests as did the levitical priesthood (Hb 7:23) because his high priesthood is eternal and unchangeable (Hb 7:24). Consequently, Jesus is able to save all who draw near to God through him since he is their ever-living intercessor (Hb 7:25).
  15. 7:20 An oath: God’s oath in Ps 110:4.
  16. 7:22 An [even] better covenant: better than the Mosaic covenant because it will be eternal, like the priesthood of Jesus upon which it is based. Hb 7:12 argued that a change of priesthood involves a change of law; since “law” and “covenant” are used correlatively, a new covenant is likewise instituted.
  17. 7:25 To make intercession: the intercession of the exalted Jesus, not the sequel to his completed sacrifice but its eternal presence in heaven; cf. Rom 8:34.
  18. 7:26 This verse with its list of attributes is reminiscent of Hb 7:3 and is perhaps a hymnic counterpart to it, contrasting the exalted Jesus with Melchizedek.
  19. 7:26–28 Jesus is precisely the high priest whom the human race requires, holy and sinless, installed far above humanity (Hb 7:26); one having no need to offer sacrifice daily for sins but making a single offering of himself (Hb 7:27) once for all. The law could only appoint high priests with human limitations, but the fulfillment of God’s oath regarding the priesthood of Melchizedek (Ps 110:4) makes the Son of God the perfect priest forever (Hb 7:28).
  20. 7:27 Such daily sacrifice is nowhere mentioned in the Mosaic law; only on the Day of Atonement is it prescribed that the high priest must offer sacrifice…for his own sins and then for those of the people (Lv 16:11–19). Once for all: this translates the Greek words ephapax/hapax that occur eleven times in Hebrews.
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